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Sökning: db:Swepub > (2010-2011) > Umeå universitet

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51.
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52.
  • Ahlberg, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • Early self-care rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 131:5, s. 552-61
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • CONCLUSIONS: No positive effects of early preventive rehabilitation could be identified. The results do not contradict the proposition that rehabilitation based on self-care can be effective but it is important to establish evidence-based training programs and identify proper instruments for selection of patients and evaluation of intervention. OBJECTIVES: Patients with head and neck cancer suffer from functional impairments due to intense treatment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of an experimental early preventive rehabilitation using hard, objective end points in a nonselective, longitudinal, prospective cohort study. METHODS: In all, 190 patients were included in the program and received instructions for training before the start of treatment with the aim of reducing swallowing problems and reducing mouth opening and stiffness in the neck. A control group of 184 patients was recruited. RESULTS: There was no difference in weight loss and 2-year survival between the two groups. No positive effects concerning functional impairments were found in patient-reported outcome measures.
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53.
  • Ahlberg, Alexander, et al. (författare)
  • ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE AFTER RADIOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK CANCER : EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE INSTITUTION OVER 2 TREATMENT PERIODS
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 32:4, s. 452-461
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Risk factors for development of a stricture of the upper esophagus after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer are poorly defined. Methods. This was a retrospective case-control study of patients diagnosed and treated for esophageal stricture after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Results. The incidence of esophageal stricture after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was 3.3%. Seventy patients with stricture and 66 patients without stricture were identified. A multivariate analysis showed that there was increased risk of stricture in receiving enteral feeding during EBRT or in receiving a mean dose of >45 By to the upper esophagus. Conclusions. Enteral feeding during EBRT is strongly associated with the development of stricture of the esophagus, as is a mean dose of >45 Gy to the upper esophagus. Treatment of the stricture with Savary-Gilliard bougienage or through scope balloon dilatation is safe and successful but often has to be repeated.
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54.
  • Ahlborg, Liv, et al. (författare)
  • Visuospatial ability correlates with performance in simulated gynecological laparoscopy
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-2115 .- 1872-7654. ; 157:1, s. 73-77
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To analyze the relationship between visuospatial ability and simulated laparoscopy performed by consultants in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). Study design: This was a prospective cohort study carried out at two community hospitals in Sweden. Thirteen consultants in obstetrics and gynecology were included. They had previously independently performed 10-100 advanced laparoscopies. Participants were tested for visuospatial ability by the Mental Rotations Test version A (MRT-A). After a familiarization session and standardized instruction, all participants subsequently conducted three consecutive virtual tubal occlusions followed by three virtual salpingectomies. Performance in the simulator was measured by Total Time, Score and Ovarian Diathermy Damage. Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between visuospatial ability and simulated laparoscopic performance. The learning curves in the simulator were assessed in order to interpret the relationship with the visuospatial ability. Results: Visuospatial ability correlated with Total Time (r = -0.62; p = 0.03) and Score (r = 0.57; p = 0.05) in the medium level of the virtual tubal occlusion. In the technically more advanced virtual salpingectomy the visuospatial ability correlated with Total Time (r = -0.64; p = 0.02), Ovarian Diathermy Damage (r = -0.65; p = 0.02) and with overall Score (r = 0.64; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Visuospatial ability appears to be related to the performance of gynecological laparoscopic procedures in a simulator. Testing visuospatial ability might be helpful when designing individual training programs.
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55.
  • Ahlgren, Christina, et al. (författare)
  • Struggle for time to teach. Teachers experiences of their work situation.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 40:Suppl 1, s. 111-118
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The objective of this study was to from a gender perspective, explore elementary school teacher' experiences of their work situation, and identify conditions that could be health risks. Participants: Eighteen female teachers who work in an elementary school in Northern Sweden. Method: Thematic interviews were conducted using an interview guide. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed text and interpretations were made within gender theory. Results: Four categories emerged: "Squeezed between dream and reality", "Effort to keep up with demands", "We can make it together" and "The school needs men's qualities". The categories were linked together with the theme "A struggle for time to teach". The theme describes the conflict between the teachers' ambitions to teach and create a stimulating learning environment versus the increased need for behaviour control that took time from classroom work. Beside work at the school, the teachers carried a large burden of domestic work.Conclusions: Teachers' work includes both endless demands and great joy. Their work is structured within the schools gender system in which caring duties are subordinated despite a growing demand for behaviour control. Traditional gender roles affect their domestic work load.
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56.
  • Ahlgren, Joakim, et al. (författare)
  • Release of Organic P Forms from Lake Sediments
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 45:2, s. 565-572
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of different physical and chemical conditions on the decomposition and release of organic and inorganic P compound groups from the sediment of Lake Erken were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Conditions investigated were temperature, oxygen level, and the effects of additions of carbon substrate (glucose) and poison (formalin). The effects on the P compound groups were determined by measurements with 31P NMR before and after the experiments, as well as analysis of P in effluent water throughout the experiment. Phosphate analysis of the effluent water showed that oxygen level was the most influential in terms of release rates, with the sediments under anoxic conditions generally releasing more phosphate than the other treatments. 31P NMR showed that the various treatments did influence the P compound group composition of the sediment. In particular, the addition of glucose led to a decrease in orthophosphate and polyphosphate while the addition of formalin led to a decrease in phosphorus lipids, DNAphosphate and polyphosphate. Oxic conditions resulted in an increase in polyphosphates, and anoxic conditions in a decrease in these. Temperature did not seem to affect the composition significantly.
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57.
  • Ahlgren, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Approaches for imaging islets
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. ; 654, s. 39-57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The establishment of improved technologies for imaging of the pancreas is a key element in addressing several aspects of diabetes pathogenesis. In this respect, the development of a protocol that allows for non-invasive scoring of human islets, or islet beta-cells, is of particular importance. The development of such a technology would have profound impact on both clinical and experimental medicine, ranging from early diagnosis of diabetes to the evaluation of therapeutic regimes. Another important task is the development of modalities for high-resolution imaging of experimental animal models for diabetes. Rodent models for diabetes research have for decades been instrumental to the diabetes research community. The ability to image, and to accurately quantify, key players of diabetogenic processes with molecular specificity will be of great importance for elucidating mechanistic aspects of the disease. This chapter aims to overview current progress within these research areas.
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58.
  • Ahlgren, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Imaging the pancreatic beta cell : chapter 13
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Type 1 diabetes. - : InTech. - 9789533073620
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This book is a compilation of reviews about the pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes. T1D is a classic autoimmune disease. Genetic factors are clearly determinant but cannot explain the rapid, even overwhelming expanse of this disease. Understanding etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is essential. A number of experts in the field have covered a range of topics for consideration that are applicable to researcher and clinician alike. This book provides apt descriptions of cutting edge technologies and applications in the ever going search for treatments and cure for diabetes. Areas including T cell development, innate immune responses, imaging of pancreata, potential viral initiators, etc. are considered.
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