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6711.
  • Westerlund, Rune (författare)
  • Ljudstrukturen i dialekten i Rödåliden : Auditiv analys av fonemen i en norrländsk dialekt i början av 2000-talet
  • 2010
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study investigates the sound structure of the dialect of the Rödåliden area in the province of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden. The aim is to describe the phonological system with a structural approach. The theoretical framework is based on the ideas that have developed from the Prague Linguistic Circle, where speech sounds are looked upon as functional units. One method used to determine phonemes is by way of commutation tests; another is the distribution method.The chief aim is to describe the phonemes of the Rödåliden dialect on the lexical level including prosodic features such as stress, tonal accent and quantity. The prosodic feature of short verbal phrases is also described. The material consists of words and phrases from a dictionary (not yet published) with more than 3 000 entries. The vocabulary in the dictionary was collected between 1988 and 2010 by a group of local people speaking the dialect. Thirteen informants have been interviewed and confronted with problems concerning phonological issues that are typical for the dialect in question. The study is based on auditory perception, i.e. the speakers’ idea of what is “right or wrong” or if there are alternative versions of a segment. The phonemes of the dialect are compared with the phonological system of standard Swedish. A thorough description of the phonology of the dialect is presented. Each phoneme is described as well as the most frequent allophones. Certain areas have been the focus of special interest. In standard Swedish as well as in the dialect the tonal accents acute (accent 1) and grave (accent 2) are used. In addition to these accent types, circumflex accent is used in the dialect. Circumflex is for example the only distinctive feature between the infinitive form [^fry:s] and the present tense form [fry:s] of the verb frys ‘to be cold’. The sequences ka- and ga- where /a/ is a front vowel reveal phonological distinction between velar k and g and palatal k and g, e.g. /kal:/ ‘old man’ ≠ /kal:/ ‘cold’ and /+gal:/ ‘was possible’ ≠ /gal:/ ‘infertile’. The cacuminal /ɽ/ and dental /l/ are in certain distributional contexts, e.g. after some long vowels, phonologically relevant. In other contexts, e.g. after short vowels, the different l-sounds are allophones due to complementary distribution. In standard Swedish the retroflex consonants (supradentals) are not considered to be phonematic but in the dialect in question they are phonologically relevant.
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6712.
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6713.
  • Westin, Kerstin, 1954-, et al. (författare)
  • Old, yet young : travel-activity patterns among new pensioners in Sweden
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Social Space. - 2084-1558. ; :1, s. 1-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many countries are facing population aging as a consequence of decreased fertility, lower mortality rates and increased longevity. Successful aging is characterised by good health at high ages with no or very few disabilities, personal contentedness, active participation in society and in meaningful activities. A significant portion of the total number of trips is carried out by the retired people aged 65 or older, and the share of trips carried out by this group is expected to increase.  In this article the daily travel and activities of elderly people in Sweden are scrutinised recent retired, young pensioners (65-75 years old) and older pensioners (aged 76-84 years) are compared. Based on a questionnaire directed to 2,544 Swedish persons 65-84 years old and answered by 1503 pensioners, daily mobility and travel are analysed in the context of health, mobility resources and socio-spatial circumstances. Although the retirees are a heterogeneous group in which health, personal mobility resources, preferences, etc. vary between individuals and give different preconditions for daily spatial mobility, chronological age can be relevant as a conceptualisation of age from a policy and decision-making perspective.
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6714.
  • Westin, Lars, Professor, 1953- (författare)
  • Hållbar regional utveckling i Västerbotten : En sammanfattning av resultat från ACANALYS
  • 2011. - 1
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Befolkningstillväxten i Västerbotten har under en längre tid legat under utvecklingen i Sverige som helhet. Dessvärre har befolkningsutvecklingen i övriga tre Norrlandslän varit ännu svagare. Det är ytterst ett tecken på att Norrland förlorat attraktivitet relativt konkurrerande regioner. Samtidigt är det svårt att hävda att boende i Norrland tär på de globala eller lokala ekosystemen i sådan omfattning att det finns starka ekologiska skäl för att minska befolkningen i regionen. Västerbottens och Norrlands svaga utveckling är i stället en konsekvens av att regionen inte är tillräckligt attraktiv som lokalisering för olika lättrörliga, flyttbara (mobila) tillgångar och att de värden som skapas, inte i tillräckligt hög grad bygger tillgångar i regionen. Istället minskar eller utvecklas centrala tillgångar i regionen svagt. Den övergripande utvecklingen visar tydliga tecken på att inte vara långsiktigt hållbar. Samtidigt finns i Västerbotten, som i alla regionala förlopp, krafter som verkar för att stärka regionen, som strävar efter att föra regionen in i en hållbar utvecklingsbana. Syftet med denna rapport är mot den bakgrunden;Att tydliggöra vad vi avser med hållbar regional utveckling. En hållbar utveckling är kopplad till utvecklingen av en regions tillgångar i dess vidaste bemärkelse samt frågan om hur dessa tillgångar utnyttjas för att producera varor och tjänster, även det i begreppens vidaste innebörd. Men för en öppen region krävs att ytterligare en distinktion görs i förhållande till äganderätten över de regionala tillgångarna. Den regionalapolitiska ledningens mål blir i den öppna regionen att åstadkomma en så hög välfärd som möjligt för befolkningen i regionen genom att utveckla regionbefolkningens tillgångar inom ramen för så starka och mångsidiga lokala och globala ekosystem som möjligt.Att inventera Västerbottens tillgångar för att i möjligaste mån bestämma storleken på dessa och ställa de i relation till det värdeskapande som kommer regionens medborgare till del. Frågan om vilka tillgångar regionens befolkning har äganderätt över är i det sammanhanget återigen avgörande. Det är en kritisk skillnad mellan tillgångar som regionens befolkning äger och regionala tillgångar som ägs avandra.Att ge en historisk tillbakablick över hur tillgångar och produktion påverkat lokalisering och utveckling i Västerbotten. Det innebär attfrågan om den historiska utvecklingen varit hållbar eller inte även kan diskuteras.Att diskutera vad en analys av hållbar utveckling och tillgångar enligt ovanstående punkter innebär för den utvecklingspolitik som förts i Västerbotten hittills samt hur en politik med inriktning mot en framtida hållbar utveckling skulle kunna formuleras. Frågor som vi därmed berör är: Vad innebär hållbar utveckling i ett regionalt och globalt perspektiv? Har Västerbotten utvecklats på ett hållbart sätt? Vilka är Västerbottens tillgångar? Vad har skapats av dessa tillgångar samt inte minst viktigt, vilka har fått och får del av tillgångarna? Hur har tillgångar utnyttjats för att skapa värden? Vilka faktorer har varit viktiga för ett framgångsrikt värdeskapande? Vilka former av explicit och implicit utvecklingspolitik har förts från regionala och utomregionala företrädare?Vilka effekter har sådan politik haft? Hur stämmer de erfarenheter Västerbotten gjort med internationella erfarenheter av regional utvecklingspolitik? Hur skulle en framtida politik för hållbar regional utveckling kunna formuleras? Hur kan exemplet Västerbotten bidra till den nationella och internationella teoriutvecklingen när det gäller regional utveckling? 
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6715.
  • Westin, Lars, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Joint facilities and the creation of social capital in the Swedish countryside
  • 2011. - 1
  • Ingår i: Social capital and development trends in rural areas. - Kyoto : MARG, Graduate School of Urban Management, Kyoto University, Japan. - 9784907830076 ; , s. 71-89
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we suggest that joint facilities are an important but often neglected part in the process of creating local social capital in the Swedish countryside. Generally, countryside households are property owners and thus also engaged in some management association for joint facilities. To some extent, the associations hence have a similar function as a very small municipality although with only one or a narrow set of tasks. The possibility to negotiate in case of conflicting interest is more limited, a fact that is often a source of "irritation" in the associations. Instead the social control of utilisation, the possibility for close interaction, and the simplicity in information sharing give the small unit an advantage compared with a municipality. In  this respect, the associations has more resemblances to ordinary private self-managed clubs or cooperatives, even if membership is not personal but linked with entry and exit from a specific set of propety market.We observe that management of such facilities is a part of a learning process related to institutional culture, conflict resolution, and a common management for creation of built assets. The associations create and maintain tangible but equally important asset in the form of social capital. The associations for management of joint facilities may thus be part of of a policy for wealth creation and diversity in tjhe provision of local public andclub goods in the countryside.We also observe that when social capital in esrtimations of local growth is instrumentalised by memberships in choirs, sport associations, local folklore societies etc., it may be the case that membership in joint facilities, often an omitted variable, play an equally important role for the local growth through their role as arenas for collective action, learmning and conflict resolution.
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6716.
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6717.
  • Westius, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Views of life and sense of identity in people with Alzheimer's disease
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge university press. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 30:7, s. 1257-1278
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Making it possible for people with Alzheimer's disease to retain a sense of identity during the process of the disease poses a great challenge to care-givers, professionals and family carers. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of the view of life of people with Alzheimer's in framing their sense of identity. Is their view of life a vital aspect of their sense of identity? ‘View of life’ was interpreted as a vital aspect of sense of identity, understood as the individual's beliefs about their life history and about the attributes that characterised them. Twenty-one people with mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease were interviewed about their life story. The narratives were interpreted using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. By telling their life story, the participants also narrated their view of life, i.e. their conception of reality, their central system of values and their basic emotional attitudes. By their own accounts, the origins of the narrators' central values and basic emotional attitudes were established in early life. They also expressed a sense of meaningfulness and continuity when looking back on their lives. The findings suggest that for a care-giver or confidant, having knowledge of a person with dementia's view of life is valuable when seeking to confirm that person's sense of identity.
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6718.
  • Westling, Katarina, et al. (författare)
  • Toxoplasmosis not transmitted by cat bite, but high prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in patients bitten by their own cat
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 42:9, s. 687-690
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in a group of patients bitten by cats, and also to determine if toxoplasmosis can be transferred by cat bite. Seventy-two patients who attended the emergency wards at 3 hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden, due to infection by cat bite, were investigated for specific IgM and IgG antibodies to T. gondii in the acute phase, as well as in the convalescent phase about 2 weeks later. Specific IgG antibodies to T. gondii (> or =8 IU/ml) were found in 17/72 patients (24%) in the acute phase. No case of seroconversion occurred. Patients who were bitten by their own cat had positive antibody titres to T. gondii significantly more often than those bitten by a foreign cat; 30% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.02). This suggests that regular contact with cats may contribute to the transmission of the parasite.
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6719.
  • Westlund, Per-Olof, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Electron spin relaxation at low field
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 12:1, s. 201-206
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The low field ESR lineshape and the electron spin-lattice relaxation correlation function are calculated using the stochastic Liouville theory for an effective electron spin quantum number S = 1. When an axially symmetric permanent zero field splitting provides the dominant relaxation mechanism, and when it is much larger than the rotational diffusion constant, it is shown that both electron spin correlation functions S(0)S(t) (n = 0,1) are characterized by the same relaxation time tau(S) = (4D(R))(-1). This confirms the conjectures made by Schaefle and Sharp, J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 5287 and by Fries and Belorizky, J. Chem. Phys., 2005, 123, 124510, based on numerical results using a different formalism. The stochastic Liouville approach also gives the paramagnetically enhanced nuclear spin relaxation time constants, T(1) and T(2), and the ESR lineshape function I(omega). In particular, the L-band (B(0) = 0.035 T) ESR spectrum of a low symmetry Ni(ii)-complex with a cylindrical ZFS tensor is shown to be detectable at sufficiently slowly reorientation of the complex. The analysis shows that the L-band spectrum becomes similar to the zero-field spectrum with a electron spin relaxation time tau(S) = (4D(R))(-1).
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6720.
  • Westlund, Per-Olof (författare)
  • The quadrupole enhanced (1)H spin-lattice relaxation of the amide proton in slow tumbling proteins
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 12:13, s. 3136-40
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An analysis, based on the stochastic Liouville approach, is presented of the R(1)-NMRD or field dependent spin-lattice relaxation rate of amide protons. The proton relaxivity, displayed as R(1)-NMRD profiles, is calculated for a reorienting (1)H-(14)N spin group, where the inter spin coupling is due to spin dipole-dipole coupling or the scalar coupling. The quadrupole nucleus (14)N has an asymmetry parameter eta = 0.4 and a quadrupole interaction which is modulated by the overall reorientational motion of the protein. In the very slow reorientational regime, omega(Q)tau(R)>> 1 and tau(R)>/= 2.0 mus, both the dipole-dipole coupling and the scalar coupling yield a T(1)-NMRD profile with three marked peaks of proton spin relaxation enhancement. These peaks appear when the proton Larmor frequency, omega(I), matches the nuclear quadrupole spin transition frequencies: omega(1) = omega(Q)2eta/3, omega(2) = omega(Q)(1 -eta/3) and omega(3) = omega(Q)(1 + eta/3), and the quadrupole spin system thus acts as a relaxation sink. The relative relaxation enhancements of the peaks are different for the dipole-dipole and the scalar coupling. Considering the dipole-dipole coupling, the low frequency peak, omega(1), is small compared to the high field peaks whereas for the scalar coupling the situation is changed. For slow tumbling proteins with a correlation time of tau(R) = 400 ns, omega(2) and omega(3) are not resolved but become one relatively broad peak. At even faster reorientation, tau(R) < 60 ns, the marked peaks disappear. In this motional regime, the main effect of the cross relaxation phenomenon is a subtle perturbation of the main amide proton T(1) NMRD dispersion. The low field part of it can be approximately described by a Lorentzian function: R(DD,SC)(0.01)/(1 + (omega(I)tau(R)3/2)(2)) whereas the high field part coincides with R(DD,SC)(0.01)/(1 + (omega(I)tau(R))(2)).
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