| 981751. |
- Mankila, Merja, 1969
(författare)
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Essays on strategic price bundling in retail banking
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The empirical motivation of this dissertation is the retail banks need to become more conscious about the profitability and pricing of their activities in a successively harder competitive environment. One of the largest threats for the retail banks has become the changed customer behaviour resulting in an increased split-banking and bank switching. In this dissertation we focus on examining how price bundling, which is a selling approach of two or more services at a special price, would counteract the enhanced customer disloyalty and improve the strategic customer relationship management against any competitive forces. The theoretical motivation in this dissertation refers, at this time, to incomplete knowledge about long-term pricing issues with specific concern to price bundling. The main aim in this dissertation is to develop principles for effective price bundling strategies, and to empirically examine the way in which price bundling is already utilised by the retail banks. This main aim is divided into four sub-aims that are consecutively dealt with, in five essays, in an attempt to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research issue. Essay 1 presents two principal frameworks in order to analyse the applicability of price bundling strategies in retail banking. In Essay 2 Guiltinans (1987) normative framework for price bundling is used to develop price bundling principles for a customer retention strategy. Essay 3 presents the results from an empirical study of price bundling strategies in Southern, Central and Northern Europe. Essay 4 investigates the Swedish retail banks application of price bundling in order to attract new customers students. In Essay 5 the issue of customer retention is studied again with respect to the student market in Sweden. The main conclusion and contribution in this dissertation is a set of three principles for strategic price bundlingthat is presented in the concluding discussion. Strategic price bundling principles aim to develop customer loyalty by considering the totality of the seller-customer relationship, and by sharing the mutual benefits when a customer's business is concentrated.
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| 981752. |
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| 981753. |
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| 981754. |
- Mankila, Merja, 1969
(författare)
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Price Bundling Theory Applied to Retail Banking
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current report presents a theoretical and empirical investigation of a pricing method called price bundling and its application in retail banking in Sweden and Finland. Price bundling was found to be an appropriate model for banks since by price bundling it was possible to reduce selling, marketing and production/delivery costs and therefore to utilise the banks' fixed capacity more efficiently. The greatest potential in price bundling is, however, the way it stimulates demand for additional services. Banks can take advantage of this by introducing new complementary services to the customers since it is likely to reduce customers' uncertainty and to increase their awareness of the bank's services. Price bundling also creates switching costs for the customer which means that their loyalty may increase. From a competetive point of view price bundling was found out to be beneficial since it diminishes competition between the banks and therefore will lead to higher profit potentials in the market. Retail banks in Sweden and Finland use price bundling extensively. Bundles seemed to be more like a reward system for customers' existing demand rather than introducing new demand. Thereby price bundling would in the first place affect customers' loyalty, and sales only indirectly. Another base model was a bundle around a current account and most cost efficient transaction services to minimise banks' costs. The author wants to thank Jan Wallanders och Tom Hedelius stiftelse för samhällsvetenskaplig forskning for financing this project.
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| 981755. |
- Mankila, Merja, 1969
(författare)
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Retaining Students in Retail Banking through Price Bundling -evidence from the Swedish market
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. ; 155:2, s. 299-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article investigates the issue of the customer retention of students in retail banking through a price bundling approach. Students' preferences concerning some basic retail banking services, type of price reduction, and choice of bank are examined by using conjoint and cluster analysis. The empirical evidence comes from the Swedish student market. Three customer segments were found based on the students' "price sensitiveness" and "loyalty". Price bundling offers many opportunities to improve customer retention in retail banking through a demand based choice of services and a price discount model that creates incentives to stay through time.
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| 981756. |
- Mankinen, Katja
(författare)
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Search for doubly charged Higgs bosons in multi-lepton final states with the ATLAS detector
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Standard Model events with prompt, isolated, same-charge high-pT leptons are rare, and therefore events with such final states provide a powerful signature towards new discoveries. This thesis presents two searches for doubly charged Higgs bosons decaying into same-charge lepton pairs using proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Observation of doubly charged Higgs bosons might provide hints about the mechanism for generating small neutrino masses. The first search uses a data sample corresponding to 36.1 fb-1 of integrated luminosity recorded in 2015 and 2016, focusing on the final states with electrons and muons. The second analysis extends the search with hadronically decaying taus and the full LHC Run 2 dataset recorded in 2015-2018 at √s = 13 TeV, corresponding to 139 fb-1. The searches cover a wide signal mass hypothesis range from 300 GeV to 1.3 TeV, and show excellent understanding between the collision data and the Standard Model background predictions. Despite further optimization of event and physics object selection to enhance the sensitivity to new physics processes, no significant evidence of a signal is observed. Corresponding limits on the production cross-section and on the mass of the doubly charged Higgs bosons are derived for the pair production of the H±± bosons at 95% confidence level.As the reconstruction of charged leptons requires excellent momentum resolution and tracking capabilities, the thesis also describes the drift time calibrations of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). By extending the lever arm of the Inner Detector, the TRT improves the momentum resolution and the track parameters of the event reconstruction. Preserving track reconstruction performance under challenging experimental conditions despite irreparable gas leaks in the detector is of the utmost importance. Precise calibrations in various gas configurations using both simulated and real data from proton-proton and heavy ion collisions are performed to achieve that goal, and overall good drift time accuracy and data quality are provided by the TRT during the full Run 2.
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| 981757. |
- Mankkam, Mohan, et al.
(författare)
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Pesticide Methoxychlor Promotes the Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Adult-Onset Disease through the Female Germline
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:7, s. e102091-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental compounds including fungicides, plastics, pesticides, dioxin and hydrocarbons can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease in future generation progeny following ancestral exposure during the critical period of fetal gonadal sex determination. This study examined the actions of the pesticide methoxychlor to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset disease and associated differential DNA methylation regions (i.e. epimutations) in sperm. Gestating F0 generation female rats were transiently exposed to methoxychlor during fetal gonadal development (gestation days 8 to 14) and then adult-onset disease was evaluated in adult F1 and F3 (great-grand offspring) generation progeny for control (vehicle exposed) and methoxychlor lineage offspring. There were increases in the incidence of kidney disease, ovary disease, and obesity in the methoxychlor lineage animals. In females and males the incidence of disease increased in both the F1 and the F3 generations and the incidence of multiple disease increased in the F3 generation. There was increased disease incidence in F4 generation reverse outcross (female) offspring indicating disease transmission was primarily transmitted through the female germline. Analysis of the F3 generation sperm epigenome of the methoxychlor lineage males identified differentially DNA methylated regions (DMR) termed epimutations in a genome-wide gene promoters analysis. These epimutations were found to be methoxychlor exposure specific in comparison with other exposure specific sperm epimutation signatures. Observations indicate that the pesticide methoxychlor has the potential to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease and the sperm epimutations appear to provide exposure specific epigenetic biomarkers for transgenerational disease and ancestral environmental exposures.
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| 981758. |
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| 981759. |
- Mankodi, Tapan K., et al.
(författare)
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nccrFOAM suite : Nonlinear coupled constitutive relation solver in the OpenFOAM framework for rarefied and microscale gas flows with vibrational non-equilibrium
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computer Physics Communications. - : Elsevier. - 0010-4655 .- 1879-2944. ; 296, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nccrFOAM suite is a collection of nonlinear coupled constitutive relation (NCCR) solvers for rarefied and microscale gas flows with vibrational non-equilibrium, in conjunction with the conservation laws implemented in the foam-extend framework which is an open-source solver with a General Public License (GPL 3). nccrFOAM solvers are developed as an extension to the dbnsTurbFoam solver by implementing additional algebraic constitutive relations for the non-conserved quantities of the stress tensor and heat flux vector. In contrast to Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) solvers that employ first-order constitutive relations to calculate non-conserved quantities and consequently suffer from obvious shortcomings when simulating gas flows in high non-equilibrium, the second-order NCCR framework presents a novel alternative to simulate rarefied and microscale gas flows in a better and a more intuitive manner. In addition to the solver for monoatomic gases, the solvers are for the first time implemented for diatomic and polyatomic gases with translational-rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom based on second-order constitutive models in a three-dimensional framework. Towards this, a new foam-extend library has been written based on the two-temperature formulation to handle the translational-rotational and vibrational modes. The new foam-extend solver was validated for several representative problems, and an exhaustive list of tutorials is documented. The solver will certainly benefit the rarefied and microscale gas dynamics and hypersonics communities at large interested in flows involving high degrees of rarefaction, speed, and temperature variations.
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| 981760. |
- MANKOWITZ, L, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocorticotrophic-hormone-dependent regulation of a mu-class glutathione transferase in mouse adrenocortical cells
- 1995
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Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - : Portland Press Ltd.. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 305305 ( Pt 1), s. 111-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different forms of glutathione transferase (GST) have been resolved in the two mouse adrenal tumour cell lines Y1 and Kin 8. Two of these belong to the mu and pi classes respectively. The third form is so far unidentified. In the Y1 cells, the levels of the mu form (mGTmu1) and the unidentified form, are both down-regulated in the presence of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) while the pi form is unaffected. The Kin 8 cell line is derived from Y1 cells and harbours a defect in the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, making it refractory to cAMP-dependent regulation of several enzymes. The GST levels in this cell line were unaffected by ACTH. Also, the steady-state levels of mGTmu1 mRNA were much lower in Y1 cells treated with forskolin (which activates adenylate cyclase) compared with control cells, but there was no difference in mGTmu1 mRNA levels between control and forskolin-treated Kin 8 cells. This indicates that the ACTH-dependent regulation of the mu class GST is pre-translational and that a functional cAMP-dependent protein kinase is required for the regulation. We have further shown that the difference in mRNA steady-state levels between control and forskolin-treated Y1 cells is abolished when transcription is inhibited by actinomycin D. In light of the stability of mGTmu1 mRNA, it would appear most likely that actinomycin D inhibits the transcription of short-lived factors which regulate the turn-over of mGTmu1 transcripts in response to changes in intracellular cAMP levels.
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