| 61. |
- Svendenius, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Oral Pathology in Swedish Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 280 Biopsies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-7564 .- 2470-4083. ; 27, s. 91-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the frequency of different types of oral lesions in biopsies sent to a department of human oral pathology for histologic examination. The impact of gender; age, and breed was assessed. The biopsy specimens were reviewed and diagnosed according to human pathology nomenclature and the classification of different diagnoses used in human and veterinary pathology is discussed. Reactive lesions were diagnosed in 39 % of the biopsies, while benign and malignant neoplasms were diagnosed in 27 %, and 15 % of the biopsies, respectively. The most common diagnosis was reactive gingival hyperplasia (24 %), followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (21 %) and melanoma (8 %,). Epulides comprised 69 % of all lesions. Dogs with malignant oral tumors were older than those with benign tumors, however there was no significant gender differences for any group of lesions. Pure-bred dogs were more prone to develop pathology than mixed-breeds. Of the larger breeds in Sweden, Boxer dogs had the highest prevalence (3.77/1000) of biopsies submitted. J Vet Dent 27(2); 91 - 97, 2010
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| 62. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Enumeration of feline platelets in ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid anticoagulated blood with the ADVIA 2120 system and two manual methods : Leucoplate and Thrombo-TIC
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1040-6387 .- 1943-4936. ; 25:4, s. 493-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A manual method (Thrombo-TIC; Bioanalytic GmbH, Umkirch/Freiburg, Germany) was advertised to disaggregate platelet clumps and to make human platelets spherical to improve platelet enumeration. The current study's hypothesis was that this method would perform better than current methods for feline blood anticoagulated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), which often contains platelet aggregates. Platelet concentrations (PLTs) were determined in 21 feline blood samples by 3 methods. Thrombo-TIC was compared to the manual method (Leucoplate; Sobioda, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France) currently used in the authors' laboratory along with an ADVIA 2120 (Siemens AG, Eschborn, Germany) optical platelet concentration. Feline blood samples often contained platelet aggregates. ADVIA flagged for platelet aggregates in 11 of the 21 feline blood samples, and examination of blood smear revealed platelet aggregates in 14 of the 21 samples. The hemocytometers displayed more platelet aggregates with the Thrombo-TIC method than with Leucoplate. The method giving the greatest PLT was considered most accurate. The Leucoplate median PLT (238 x 10(9)/1) was greater than Thrombo-TIC (202 x 10(9)/1) or ADVIA (157 x 10(9)/1). Intra-assay precision was determined for the 3 methods using the 21 feline blood samples. Median Thrombo-TIC and Leucoplate precision (7.4% and 7.3% coefficient of variation [CV], respectively) were similar and not much worse than ADVIA (5.9% CV). The Thrombo-TIC method did not appear to perform better than the current manual method (Leucoplate). Leucoplate appeared least affected by platelet aggregation in feline blood. The ADVIA automated PLT appeared to be most negatively affected by platelet aggregation. The Thrombo-TIC method did not appear to prevent platelet aggregation in feline EDTA blood samples and, thus, is not recommended for such use.
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| 63. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar
(författare)
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Non-compliances - an indicator of food control effectiveness.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-8686. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This paper presents an option for evaluating food control effectiveness by analysing the frequency of non-compliances (FnC). Material and methods: A food business establishment can have several different types of control areas (i.e. pest control, HACCP), that can be inspected to assess its compliance with regulations in the food sector. From April 2012 to April 2014, 10 736 inspections were performed in Sweden, covering all 15 types of control areas. In these inspections, 2223 non-compliances were found, giving a FnC of 0.21 per control area inspected. Outlying types of control areas, inspection teams and establishments were selected for supervision of the internal audit procedure. Results and discussion: The key and surprising finding was that types of control area, teams and establishments with high FnC had a higher ratio of false negative non-compliances than those with low FnC. Moreover, false negative non-compliances were more common than false positive non-compliances. Possible explanations include the complexity of legislation affecting food businesses and the complexities of the food business. Conclusions: The risk of non-compliance going undetected is greatest where many non-compliances have already been detected. These results should inform future food control strategies.
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| 64. |
- Akula, Srinivas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis of Purified Equine Mast Cells Identifies a Dominant Mucosal Mast Cell Population with Possible Inflammatory Functions in Airways of Asthmatic Horses
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease and a serious health problem in horses as well as in humans. In humans and mice, mast cells (MCs) are known to be directly involved in asthma pathology and subtypes of MCs accumulate in different lung and airway compartments. The role and phenotype of MCs in equine asthma has not been well documented, although an accumulation of MCs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is frequently seen. To characterize the phenotype of airway MCs in equine asthma we here developed a protocol, based on MACS Tyto sorting, resulting in the isolation of 92.9% pure MCs from horse BALF. We then used quantitative transcriptome analyses to determine the gene expression profile of the purified MCs compared with total BALF cells. We found that the MCs exhibited a protease profile typical for the classical mucosal MC subtype, as demonstrated by the expression of tryptase (TPSB2) alone, with no expression of chymase (CMA1) or carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3). Moreover, the expression of genes involved in antigen presentation and complement activation strongly implicates an inflammatory role for these MCs. This study provides a first insight into the phenotype of equine MCs in BALF and their potential role in the airways of asthmatic horses.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Backhans, Annette
(författare)
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Wild rodents as carriers of potential pathogens to pigs, chickens and humans : with special emphasis on Brachyspira spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to investigate the specific risks that rodents constitute for proliferation of pathogens and transmission of those to farm animals, and indirectly to humans. Rodents were captured in pig and chicken flocks, in wastewater treatment plants and other urban environments. The enteric pig pathogens Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli and the chicken pathogen B. intermedia were detected. Fingerprinting by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis indicated cross-species transmission of B. pilosicoli, B. intermedia, B. innocens, and B. murdochii between rodents and farm animals. A phylogeny of murine brachyspiras was established. Three new genetic rodent variants of Brachyspira spp. were discovered, for which the provisional names ‘B. rattus’, ‘B. muridarum’ and ‘B. muris’ were suggested. Lawsonia intracellularis and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) were detected in rodents trapped on pig farms. The clinical significance of leptospirosis in Sweden is reportedly minor. However, the detection of pathogenic leptospiras in mice, rats and a water vole indicated that rodents constitute a potential hazard to pigs and humans. Campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and yersiniosis are the most frequently reported zoonosis in Europe. Rodents in the study carried C. jejuni, C. coli and C. upsaliensis. Identical isolates of the human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica bioserotype 4/O:3 were isolated both from rodents and pigs on the same farm, indicating cross-species transmission. Salmonella enterica could not be detected by the applied real-time PCR, indicating a low sensitivity of this test. No zoonotic variants of Giardia spp. or Cryptosporidium spp. were detected. All samples were tested negative for Trichinella spp. indicating that trichinellosis is not a widespread infection in wild rodents in Sweden. No rodents were seropositive to Toxoplasma gondii. In conclusion, the results show that rodents could be a risk for the transmission of the pig pathogens Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, B. pilosicoli, pathogenic Leptospira spp. and EMCV, and zoonotic Campylobacter species and Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 in Sweden.
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| 67. |
- Baltrusis, Paulius, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analysis of the response to ivermectin treatment by a Swedish field population of Haemonchus contortus
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-3207. ; 18, s. 12-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haemonchus contortus is a pathogenic gastrointestinal nematode of small ruminants and, in part due to its capacity to develop resistance to drugs, contributes to significant losses in the animal production sector worldwide. Despite decades of research, comparatively little is known about the specific mechanism(s) driving resistance to drugs such as ivermectin in this species. Here we describe a genome-wide approach to detect evidence of selection by ivermectin treatment in a field population of H. contortus from Sweden, using parasites sampled from the same animals before and seven days after ivermectin exposure followed by whole-genome sequencing. Despite an 89% reduction in parasites recovered after treatment measured by the fecal egg count reduction test, the surviving population was highly genetically similar to the population before treatment, suggesting that resistance has likely evolved over time and that resistance alleles are present on diverse haplotypes. Pairwise gene and SNP frequency comparisons indicated the highest degree of differentiation was found at the terminal end of chromosome 4, whereas the most striking difference in nucleotide diversity was observed in a region on chromosome 5 previously reported to harbor a major quantitative trait locus involved in ivermectin resistance. These data provide novel insight into the genome-wide effect of ivermectin selection in a field population as well as confirm the importance of the previously established quantitative trait locus in the development of resistance to ivermectin.
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| 68. |
- Baruah, Kartik
(författare)
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The Combined Use of Pediococcus pentosaceus and Fructooligosaccharide Improves Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance of Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Against Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Microbiology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-302X. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we evaluated the effect of probiotic bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus supplemented at different inclusion levels in a control diet [basal diet containing 0.5% fructooligosaccharide (FOS)] on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, immune response, and the disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A control diet with 0.5% FOS but without P. pentosaceus supplementation (Control) was prepared. In addition, three other test diets were also formulated: control diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus at (i) 1 x 10(6) cfu g(-1) diet (P1), (ii) 1 x 10(7) cfu g(-1) diet (P2), or (iii) 1 x 10(8) cfu g(-1) diet (P3). After a 60-day feeding trial, the experimental shrimps were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. The results showed that dietary supplementation of P. pentosaceus significantly improved the growth performance and immune responses of L. vannamei juveniles. The juveniles that were fed with a P2 or P3 diet recorded the maximum increase in the final body weight, final length, weight gain, and survival rate. The total hemocyte counts, phenoloxidase, and lysozyme activity of shrimp fed with either of these two diets were significantly enhanced. The results also showed that juveniles fed with a P2 or P3 diet exhibited significantly lower mortality when challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Overall results suggested that a combination of P. pentosaceus at the inclusion level of 1 x 10(7) cfu g(-1) diet (P2) and 0.5% FOS could be considered as a potential synbiotic formulation for improving the growth, health, and robustness of L. vannamei.
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| 69. |
- Belak, Sandor
(författare)
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Calicivirus Infection in Cats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common pathogen in domestic cats that is highly contagious, resistant to many disinfectants and demonstrates a high genetic variability. FCV infection can lead to serious or even fatal diseases. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, presents the current knowledge of FCV infection and fills gaps with expert opinions. FCV infections are particularly problematic in multicat environments. FCV-infected cats often show painful erosions in the mouth and mild upper respiratory disease and, particularly in kittens, even fatal pneumonia. However, infection can be associated with chronic gingivostomatitis. Rarely, highly virulent FCV variants can induce severe systemic disease with epizootic spread and high mortality. FCV can best be detected by reverse-transcriptase PCR. However, a negative result does not rule out FCV infection and healthy cats can test positive. All cats should be vaccinated against FCV (core vaccine); however, vaccination protects cats from disease but not from infection. Considering the high variability of FCV, changing to different vaccine strain(s) may be of benefit if disease occurs in fully vaccinated cats. Infection-induced immunity is not life-long and does not protect against all strains; therefore, vaccination of cats that have recovered from caliciviral disease is recommended.
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| 70. |
- Bergström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci in surgically treated dogs and the environment in a Swedish animal hospital
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Animal Practice. - : Wiley. - 0022-4510 .- 1748-5827. ; 53, s. 404-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesTo investigate whether hospitalised dogs treated surgically may become culture positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.MethodsSurgically treated dogs (n=45) were sampled for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on admission, before and after surgery and at the time of removal of surgical stitches. The hospital environment (n=57), including healthy dogs in the veterinary hospital environment (n=34), were sampled for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Genetic variations among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified through detection of restriction fragment polymorphisms.ResultsNo dogs developed a wound infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, there was a significant increase in the number of dogs carrying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius after hospitalisation compared to admission (P<0.001). No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from dogs, but was present in the environment. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates were recovered from environmental surfaces and hospitalised animals, but not from healthy dogs. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates representing nine different restriction endonuclease digestion patterns were found, with two of these occurring in both the environment and on dogs.Clinical SignificanceDogs may contract methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in association with surgery and hospitalisation. Resistant bacteria may be transmitted between dogs, staff and the environment. Dogs colonised with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius may be a source for hospital- and community-acquired infections.
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