| 4211. |
- Sidstedt, Maja, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the GeneRead SNP panel for analysis of low-template and PCR-inhibitory samples
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. - : Elsevier BV. - 1875-1768 .- 1875-175X. ; 6, s. 267-269
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) is increasingly used for human identification purposes in forensic DNA laboratories. Forensic DNA samples are by nature heterogeneous and of varying quality, both concerning DNA integrity and matrices, creating a need for assays that can handle low amounts of DNA as well as impurities. Commercial short tandem repeat (STR) analysis kits for capillary electrophoresis-based separation have evolved drastically over the past years to handle low-template samples and high amounts of various PCR inhibitors. If MPS is to be used extensively in forensic laboratories there is a need to ascertain a similar performance. We have evaluated the GeneRead Individual Identity SNP panel (Qiagen) that includes 140 SNP markers, following the GeneRead DNAseq Targeted Panels V2 handbook for library preparation, applying low levels of DNA and relevant impurities. Analysis of down to 0.1 ng DNA generated SNP profiles with at least 85% called SNPs, after increasing the number of PCR cycles in the initial PCR from 20 to 24. The SNP assay handled extracts from four different DNA extraction methods, including Chelex with blood and saliva, without detrimental effects. Further, the assay was shown to tolerate relevant amounts of inhibitor solutions from soil, cigarettes, snuff and chewing gum. In conclusion, the performance of the SNP panel was satisfactory for casework-like samples.
|
|
| 4212. |
- Sidstedt, Maja, et al.
(författare)
-
In-house validation of MPS-based methods in a forensic laboratory
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. - : Elsevier BV. - 1875-1768. ; 7:1, s. 635-636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) methods are increasingly applied in forensic casework. However, adequate validation guidelines are lacking. In this work, we describe our in-house validation of the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit (Verogen) for analysis of ancestry- and phenotype-informative SNPs. We also discuss in-house validation of MPS assays in general terms. When validating the SNP assay, we focused on the reliability of SNP genotype calls and the compatibility with commonly analysed sample types. Other issues, for example analytical thresholds and accuracy of the data prediction model were considered to be covered by the developmental validation of the kit. Our study included determination of (1) concordance, (2) limit of detection, (3) matrix effects, (4) repeatability, and (5) contamination risk. In conclusion, the MPS-based SNP assay showed overall adequate performance for single-source samples, with correct genotype calls. We welcome a broad discussion on how to perform in-house validation of MPS-based methods, as this is vital to ensure timely implementation of reliable assays in forensic laboratories.
|
|
| 4213. |
- Sidstedt, Maja, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of common PCR inhibitors on forensic MPS analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International: Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973. ; 40, s. 182-191
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Massively parallel sequencing holds great promise for new possibilities in the field of forensic genetics, enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple markers as well as offering enhanced short tandem repeat allele resolution. A challenge in forensic DNA analysis is that the samples often contain low amounts of DNA in a background that may interfere with downstream analysis. PCR inhibition mechanisms of some relevant molecules have been studied applying e.g. real-time PCR and digital PCR. However, a detailed understanding of the effects of inhibitory molecules on forensic MPS, including mechanisms and ways to relieve inhibition, is missing. In this study, the effects of two well-characterized PCR inhibitors, humic acid and hematin, have been studied using the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep kit. Humic acid and hematin resulted in lowered read numbers as well as specific negative effects on certain markers. Quality control of libraries with Fragment analyzer showed that increasing amounts of inhibitors caused a lowered amplicon quantity and that the larger amplicons were more likely to drop out. Further, the inhibitor tolerance could be improved 5–10 times by addition of bovine serum albumin in the initial PCR. On the contrary to the samples with inhibitors, low-template samples resulted in lowered read numbers for all markers. This difference strengthened the conclusion that the inhibitors have a negative effect on the DNA polymerase activity in the initial PCR. Additionally, a common capillary gel electrophoresis-based STR kit was shown to handle at least 200 times more inhibitors than the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep kit. This suggests that there is room for improvement of the PCR components to ensure analytical success for challenging samples, which is needed for a broad application of MPS for forensic STR analysis.
|
|
| 4214. |
- Simona Chisalita, Ioana, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Association of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Bone Mass and Inflammation to Low-energy Distal Radius Fractures and Fracture Healing in Elderly Women Attending Emergency Care
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1757-7853. ; 9:4, s. 380-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveElderly patients suffer fractures through low-energy mechanisms. The distal radius is the most frequent fracture localization. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) plays an important role in the maintenance of bone mass and its levels decline with advancing age and in states of malnutrition. Our aim was to investigate the association of IGF1 levels, bone mass, nutritional status, and inflammation to low-energy distal radius fractures and also study if fracture healing is influenced by IGF1, nutritional status, and inflammation.MethodsPostmenopausal women, 55 years or older, with low-energy distal radius fractures occurring due to falling on slippery ground, indoors or outdoors, were recruited in the emergency department (ED) and followed 1 and 5 weeks after the initial trauma with biomarkers for nutritional status and inflammation. Fractures were diagnosed according to standard procedure by physical examination and X-ray. All patients were conservatively treated with plaster casts in the ED. Patients who needed interventions were excluded from our study. Fracture healing was evaluated from radiographs. Fracture healing assessment was made with a five-point scale where the radiological assessment included callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union. Blood samples were taken within 24 h after fracture and analyzed in the routine laboratory. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).ResultsThirty-eight Caucasian women, aged 70.5 8.9 years (mean +/- SD) old, were recruited. Nutritional status, as evaluated by albumin (40.3 +/- 3.1 g/L), IGF1 (125.3 +/- 39.9 g/L), body mass index (26.9 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)), arm diameter (28.9 +/- 8.9 cm), and arm skinfold (2.5 +/- 0.7 cm), was normal. A positive correlation was found between IGF1 at visit 1 and the lowest BMD for hip, spine, or radius (r = 0.39, P = 0.04). High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and leukocytes were higher at the fracture event compared to 5 weeks later (P = 0.07 and P amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Fracture healing parameters (i.e. callus formation, fracture line, and stage of union) were positively correlated with the initial leukocyte count and to difference in thrombocyte count between visit 1 and 3.ConclusionsIn elderly women with low-energy distal radius fractures, an association between IGF1 and lowest measures of BMD was found, indicating that low IGF1 could be an indirect risk factor for fractures. Fracture healing was associated with initial leukocytosis and a lower thrombocyte count, suggesting that inflammation and thrombocytes are important components in fracture healing.
|
|
| 4215. |
- Sjodin, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Need for High-Quality Whole-Genome Sequence Databases in Microbial Forensics
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-850X .- 1538-7135. ; 11, s. 78-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial forensics is an important part of a strengthened capability to respond to biocrime and bioterrorism incidents to aid in the complex task of distinguishing between natural outbreaks and deliberate acts. The goal of a microbial forensic investigation is to identify and criminally prosecute those responsible for a biological attack, and it involves a detailed analysis of the weapon-that is, the pathogen. The recent development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has greatly increased the resolution that can be achieved in microbial forensic analyses. It is now possible to identify, quickly and in an unbiased manner, previously undetectable genome differences between closely related isolates. This development is particularly relevant for the most deadly bacterial diseases that are caused by bacterial lineages with extremely low levels of genetic diversity. Whole-genome analysis of pathogens is envisaged to be increasingly essential for this purpose. In a microbial forensic context, whole-genome sequence analysis is the ultimate method for strain comparisons as it is informative during identification, characterization, and attribution-all 3 major stages of the investigation-and at all levels of microbial strain identity resolution (ie, it resolves the full spectrum from family to isolate). Given these capabilities, one bottleneck in microbial forensics investigations is the availability of high-quality reference databases of bacterial whole-genome sequences. To be of high quality, databases need to be curated and accurate in terms of sequences, metadata, and genetic diversity coverage. The development of whole-genome sequence databases will be instrumental in successfully tracing pathogens in the future.
|
|
| 4216. |
- Sjögren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Reciprocal longitudinal associations of defender self-efficacy with defending and passive bystanding in peer victimization
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Psychology in the schools (Print). - : WILEY. - 0033-3085 .- 1520-6807.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peer victimization in schools most often occurs in the presence of bystanders. When bystanders intervene on behalf of the victims, they are often successful in stopping the victimization. Defender self-efficacy (i.e., the belief in one's ability to successfully defend victims) has consistently been associated with greater defending and less passive bystanding in peer victimization. However, the lack of longitudinal research designs has resulted in a limited understanding of how these relationships develop over time. This five-wave longitudinal study involving 2507 Swedish students addressed this gap by examining longitudinal associations of defender self-efficacy with defending and passive bystanding. Participating students answered a self-report questionnaire once a year, from fourth to eighth grade. Our findings provide partial evidence for reciprocal associations among the variables. Moreover, there were more significant associations in the traditional than in the random intercept model, thus favoring between-person interpretations of the longitudinal associations. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the link between defender self-efficacy and bystander behavior of peer victimization, and that schools in their efforts in preventing school violence and bullying support students in increasing their defender self-efficacy and capacity in defending.
|
|
| 4217. |
- Sjögren, Harmeet, 1954-
(författare)
-
Injuries among the elderly : study of fatal and non-fatal injury events
- 1994
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In view of the expected increase in the proportion of elderly in the population in most western countries, we studied injuries among the elderly (>60 years) by investigating hospital-treated injuries in inpatients and outpatients, and fatal injuries.One-year Hospital Injury Data - Even though the elderly made up only 15% of the injured in one year, they accounted for 42% of the total cost of trauma medical care, showing that injuries among the elderly place a disproportional burden on the health care system. The mean medical care cost increased significantly from the age of 60 years. Serious injuries (MAIS>3) in the elderly cost almost 2.5 times more than those in the younger group (<60 years).Study of 1,313 injury events in 1,268 elderly showed annual injury, fracture, and mortality rates per 1,000 elderly population of 57, 31, and 0.6, respectively. Almost half were injured in the home environment, and 23% in the traffic environment. Most of the severe and critical injuries (MAIS>4) occurred in the traffic environment. Injury rate, severity of injuries, fractures, and the duration of hospitalization increased with age. Almost half of the injuries were fractures; most common were wrist and hip fractures. Women had a higher injury rate, more severe injuries, and longer duration in hospitalization than men had.Study of 621 injury events in 600 elderly injured in the home environment, showed annual injury and fracture rates of 30 and 15 per 1,000 elderly home population, respectively. Injuries were grouped into fall injuries (76%) and non-fall injuries (24%). The fall injury incidence was higher in women than in men. Most falls occurred indoors. Environmental factors played a role in half of the fall injuries, and intrinsic factors in at least one fifth. Intrinsic factors in falls became increasingly important with advancing age. Non-fall injuries were mostly sustained in woodworking. Fall injuries were of a greater severity and accounted for 80% of the cost of medical care of elderly in the home environment.Study of 298 injury events in 297 elderly injured in the traffic environment, showed that pedestrian falls accounted for 52% of the injuries, and vehicle-related events for 44%. The main groups in the vehicle-related injury category were bicyclists (48%), car occupants (34%), and pedestrians (4%). Two thirds of the pedestrian falls involved slipping on ice/snow. Ice/snow-related injuries (all categories) accounted for 37% of the total cost of all injuries in the elderly in the traffic environment. Vehicle-related crashes resulted in the most severe and critical injuries and the most fatalities, and cost (total and mean) more than pedestrian falls.Fatal Injury Data from Northern Sweden - Study of 379 elderly injured in the traffic environment in a ten-year period, showed that the car occupants (43%) made up the largest category followed by pedestrians (28%), bicyclists (15%), and two-wheel-motor-vehicle riders (8%), but the risk of fatal injury per unit distance travelled was highest for pedestrians and bicyclists. Males had double the death rate as females. Most car occupants were killed in multivehicle crashes, mostly in the daylight, and at intersections. Ice/snow was the major (31%) precrash factor. One quarter of pedestrians were injured at pedestrian crossings, and half of them during darkness. One in six pedestrians was under the influence of alcohol. All pedestrians and bicyclists were injured in collisions with motor vehicles and most were injured at intersections. Pedestrians and bicyclists had more serious head injuries than chest injuries.Study of 514 car drivers (>18 years) injured in a 13-year-period, showed that fatalities per unit distance, and per licensed driver were highest for the >70-year-old and 18-19-year-old drivers. Elderly (>60 year old) and <25 year old drivers had similar fatality frequencies. The older drivers (>60 years) initiated the crash more often than younger (<60 years) ones. Fatal head injuries decreased whilst chest injuries increased with age. The older drivers were more likely to die from post-trauma complications than younger ones.In a study of role of disease in 480 fatally injured drivers (>18 years) who died within three days of the crash, a grading system was developed to assess the probability of contribution of medical intrinsic factors (MIF) to the crash. Almost one quarter of the drivers were found to have MIF. Drivers with MIF were more often at fault than those without. Medical intrinsic factors were probably an underlying cause in 1 of 17 fatal crashes in all ages, and 1 of 5 fatal crashes in the elderly; in 4% of the elderly the probability was strong.A "passive automatic" approach which does not require any action on the part of the elderly, is to be recommended when improving safety in the home and in the traffic environments. The elderly drivers can be regarded as the "miner's canary" to indicate which passive safety improvements are needed in the traffic environment. In view of the expected population trends, it is important that authorities and public health workers accept the challenge to continue and intensify the injury preventive work for the elderly.
|
|
| 4218. |
- Soderberg, C., et al.
(författare)
-
The importance of sample size with regard to the robustness of postmortem reference values
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 311
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluating postmortem toxicological results is a challenging task due to multiple factors affecting blood concentrations after death. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy in cases of suspected fatal intoxication different compilations of postmortem reference drug concentrations are often used. However, it is not clear what constitutes a reliable postmortem reference value. The current study presents reference concentrations for 13 substances from seven substance groups according to a standardized protocol. The reference concentrations were gathered from 3767 autopsy cases and subdivided into intoxications by one substance only (Group A, n= 611), multi-substance intoxications (Group B, n = 1355) and postmortem controls, in which incapacitation by drugs were excluded (Group C, n = 1801). In particular, this study presents statistical information about the precision and conformity change with various sample sizes. Based on the present data >10 detections are usually needed, for the substances examined, to differentiate between intoxication cases and controls. Repeated samplings show that the median of small samples (N= <= 5) has a high variation (normalized interquartile range 138-75%) and that a high number of detections (N = >20) in each group are needed to reduce the variation. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
|
|
| 4219. |
- Spigset, Olav, et al.
(författare)
-
Death resulting from asthma associated with sertraline
- 2001
-
Ingår i: The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology : official publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners. - 0195-7910. ; 22:4, s. 419-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4220. |
- Squier, Waney, et al.
(författare)
-
Response to Colombari et al. (2021)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
