| 4331. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology and Prognostic Factors in Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1873-4626 .- 1091-255X. ; 14, s. 628-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Reports on trends in incidence and mortality of acute superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion and evaluation of prognostic factors in recent years are lacking. METHODS: Patients with acute SMA occlusion were identified through the in-patient and autopsy registry between 1970 and 1982 (n = 270), 1987 to 1996 (n = 135), and 2000 and 2006 (n = 100) in Malmö, Sweden. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate decreased from 8.6 to 5.4/100,000 person years and the autopsy rate from 87% to 25% over time. A higher serum creatinine level was associated with a lower probability of undergoing multi-detector row computed tomography with intravenous contrast (MDCTiv) (p = 0.006). Not performing a MDCTiv (odds ratio 4.0; 95% confidence interval [1.0-16.0]) remained as independent prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality. General and vascular surgeons collaborated in 25 out of 61 patients that underwent an intervention, of which 21 (84%) (p < 0.001) survived. CONCLUSIONS: A close collaboration between radiologists and general and vascular surgeons seems to be most important to lower the mortality in patients with acute SMA occlusion.
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| 4332. |
- Adelöf, Julia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions from a behavioral aging study on male and female F2 hybrid mice on age-related behavior, buoyancy in water-based tests, and an ethical method to assess lifespan.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 11:17, s. 7150-7168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to strain-specific behavioral idiosyncrasies, inbred mouse strains are suboptimal research models for behavioral aging studies. The aim of this study is to determine age-related behavioral changes of F2 hybrid C57BL/6NxBALB/c male and female mice. Lifespan was followed (nmales=48, nfemales=51) and cohorts of mature adult (7 months), middle-aged (15 months), and old mice (22 months of age; n=7-12 per group) were assessed regarding open-field activity, exploration, passive avoidance learning/memory, and depressive-like behavior. We found that both males and females demonstrated decreased exploratory behavior with age, while memory and depressive-like behavior were maintained. Females exhibited enhanced depressive-like behavior compared to males; however, a correlation between fat mass and swimming activity in the test directly accounted for 30-46% of this behavioral sex difference. In addition, we suggest a method to qualitatively estimate natural lifespan from survival analyses in which animals with signs of pain or severe disease are euthanized. This is, to our knowledge, the first behavioral study to consider both sex and aging in hybrid mice. We here define decreased exploratory behavior as a conserved hallmark of aging independent of sex, highlight the effect of buoyancy in water tests, and provide a method to assay lifespan with reduced animal suffering.
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| 4333. |
- Adelöf, Julia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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PA28α overexpressing female mice maintain exploratory behavior and capacity to prevent protein aggregation in hippocampus as they age.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aging cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9726 .- 1474-9718. ; 4:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With age, protein damage accumulates and increases the risk of age-related diseases. The proteasome activator PA28αβ is involved in protein damage clearance during early embryogenesis and has demonstrated protective effects against proteinopathy. We have recently discovered that adult female mice overexpressing PA28α (PA28αOE) have enhanced learning and memory, and protein extracts from their hippocampi prevent aggregation more efficiently than wild type. In this study, we investigated the effect of overexpressing PA28α on aging using C57BL/6N×BALB/c F2 hybrid mice. We found that the hippocampal anti-aggregation effect was maintained in young adult (7months) to middle-aged (15months) and old (22months) PA28αOE females. While the PA28αOE influence on learning and memory gradually decreased with aging, old PA28αOE females did not display the typical drop in explorative behavior-a behavioral hallmark of aging-but were as explorative as young mice. PA28αOE lowered PA28-dependent proteasome capacity in both heart and hippocampus, and there was no indication of lower protein damage load in PA28αOE. The life span of PA28αOE was also similar to wild type. In both wild type and PA28αOE, PA28-dependent proteasome capacity increased with aging in the heart, while 26S and 20S proteasome capacities were unchanged in the timepoints analyzed. Thus, PA28αOE females exhibit improved hippocampal ability to prevent aggregation throughout life and enhanced cognitive capabilities with different behavioral outcomes dependent on age; improved memory at early age and a youth-like exploration at old age. The cognitive effects of PA28αβ combined with its anti-aggregation molecular effect highlight the therapeutical potential of PA28αβ in combating proteinopathies.
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| 4334. |
- Adelöf, Julia, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Survival-Span Method: How to Qualitatively Estimate Lifespan to Improve the Study of Aging, and not Disease, in Aging Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365 .- 2673-6217. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifespan analyses are important for advancing our understanding of the aging process. There are two major issues in performing lifespan studies: 1) late-stage animal lifespan analysis may include animals with non-terminal, yet advanced illnesses, which can pronounce indirect processes of aging rather than the aging process per se and 2) they often involves challenging welfare considerations. Herein, we present an option to the traditional way of performing lifespan studies by using a novel method that generates high-quality data and allows for the inclusion of excluded animals, even animals removed at early signs of disease. This Survival-span method is designed to be feasibly done with simple means by any researcher and strives to improve the quality of aging studies and increase animal welfare.
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| 4335. |
- Afonso-Argilés, F. Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Emergency department and hospital admissions among people with dementia living at home or in nursing homes : results of the European RightTimePlaceCare project on their frequency, associated factors and costs
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Evidence is lacking on the differences between hospitalisation of people with dementia living in nursing homes and those living in the community. The objectives of this study were: 1) to describe the frequency of hospital admission among people with dementia in eight European countries living in nursing homes or in the community, 2) to examine the factors associated with hospitalisation in each setting, and 3) to evaluate the costs associated with it. Methods: The present study is a secondary data analysis of the RightTimePlaceCare European project. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with data collected from people with dementia living at home or who had been admitted to a nursing home in the last 3 months, as well as from their caregivers. Data on hospital admissions at 3 months, cognitive and functional status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, comorbidity, polypharmacy, caregiver burden, nutritional status, and falls were assessed using validated instruments. Multivariate regression models were used to investigate the factors associated with hospital admission for each setting. Costs were estimated by multiplying quantities of resources used with the unit cost of each resource and inflated to the year 2019. Results: The study sample comprised 1700 people with dementia living in the community and nursing homes. Within 3 months, 13.8 and 18.5% of people living in nursing homes and home care, respectively, experienced ≥1 hospital admission. In the nursing home setting, only polypharmacy was associated with a higher chance of hospital admission, while in the home care setting, unintentional weight loss, polypharmacy, falls, and more severe caregiver burden were associated with hospital admission. Overall, the estimated average costs per person with dementia/year among participants living in a nursing home were lower than those receiving home care. Conclusion: Admission to hospital is frequent among people with dementia, especially among those living in the community, and seems to impose a remarkable economic burden. The identification and establishment of an individualised care plan for those people with dementia with polypharmacy in nursing homes, and those with involuntary weight loss, accidental falls, polypharmacy and higher caregiver burden in the home care setting, might help preventing unnecessary hospital admissions.
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| 4336. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol consumption in very old age and its association with survival : A matter of health and physical function
- 2016
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 159, s. 240-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol consumption in very old age is increasing; yet, little is known about the personal and health-related characteristics associated with different levels of alcohol consumption and the association between alcohol consumption and survival among the oldest old. Methods: Nationally representative data from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old (SWEOLD, ages 76-101; n=863) collected in 2010/2011 were used. Mortality was analyzed unti12014. Alcohol consumption was measured with questions about frequency and amount. Drinks per month were calculated and categorized as abstainer, light-to-moderate drinker (0.5-30 drinks/month) and heavy drinker (>30 drinks/month). Multinomial logistic regressions and Laplace regressions were performed. Results: Compared to light-to-moderate drinkers, abstainers had lower levels of education and more functional health problems, while heavy drinkers were more often men, had higher levels of education, and no serious health or functional problems. In models adjusted only for age and sex, abstainers died earlier than drinkers. Among light-to-moderate drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with longer survival, while among heavy drinkers, each additional drink/month was associated with shorter survival. However, after adjusting for personal and health-related factors, estimates were lower and no longer statistically significant. Conclusions: The association between alcohol consumption and survival in very old age seems to have an inverse J-shape; abstention and heavy use is associated with shorter survival compared to light-to moderate drinking. To a large extent, differences in survival are due to differences in baseline health and physical function.
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| 4337. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Consumption Over the Retirement Transition in Sweden : Different Trajectories Based on Education
- 2022
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Ingår i: Work, Aging and Retirement. - : Oxford University Press. - 2054-4642 .- 2054-4650. ; 8:1, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retirement is a major life transition that involves changes to everyday routines, roles, and habits. Previous studies suggest that retirement may influence drinking habits. Many natural inhibitors of alcohol consumption disappear with the removal of work constraints. The potential impact depends on both individual and contextual factors. Women in the cohorts undergoing retirement now have been more active on the labor market, including the occupation of higher status jobs, which indicates more financial resources as well as a larger role loss after retirement. Also, the current cohorts who retire have had more liberal drinking habits throughout their lives compared to previous cohorts. We therefore examined changes in alcohol consumption surrounding retirement in different education groups among women and men undergoing retirement using annual data from the Health, Aging and Retirement Transitions in Sweden (HEARTS) study, a longitudinal national study of 60- to 66-year-olds (n = 5,913), from 2015 to 2018. Latent growth curve models were used to estimate trajectories of alcohol consumption. Results showed that those who retired during the follow-up increased their usual weekly alcohol consumption while those who worked or were retired throughout the period had stable drinking habits. Those who were retired reported the highest alcohol consumption. The increase surrounding retirement was driven by people with higher education. Women with tertiary education and men with intermediate or tertiary education increased their weekly alcohol intake after retirement, while those with low education had unchanged drinking habits. Mechanisms and motivations that may fuel increased alcohol intake among people with higher education should be further investigated.
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| 4338. |
- Agahi, N, et al.
(författare)
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Are today's older people more active than their predecessors? Participation in leisure-time activities in Sweden in 1992 and 2002
- 2005
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Ingår i: Ageing & Society. - 0144-686X. ; 25, s. 925-941
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the older individual, leisure activities are a resource that helps to maintain health and engagement with lire. This article investigates change over 10 years ill the level of participation of older people in leisure activities in Sweden, and the factors associated with these changes. The data are from nationally representative samples of the Swedish population aged 77 or more years in 1992 and 2002. The level of participation was higher at the later date, and among four major groups of activities, social and Cultural activities increased the most, while physical and intellectual activities increased only among women. Ordered logistic regressions enable variations in the level of participation by age, gender, level of education, disability and fatigue to be described. Participation in most kinds of activities, including the overall level, was more common at the younger ages (the late seventies and early eighties) and among those with full mobility and more education. Since average health was worse in 2002 than in 1992, it cannot explain the higher level of participation. Other possible explanations, Such as cohort differences, improved accessibility, and changing gender roles, and the implications for health promotion programmes are discussed.
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| 4339. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Late-Life and Earlier Participation in Leisure Activities: Their Importance for Survival Among Older Persons
- 2011
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Ingår i: Activities, Adaptation & Aging. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0192-4788 .- 1544-4368. ; 35:3, s. 210-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Is activity participation in old age important for survival independent of one's earlier history of participation? A nationally representative sample of 457 older persons was followed for 25 years with data from the Level-of-Living Survey and the SWEOLD study. Cox regressions showed that regardless of earlier activities and health, late-life leisure engagement was associated with enhanced survival, especially among men. Among women, earlier activities (study groups) also seem important, perhaps by providing social networks. Results suggest that it is worthwhile to encourage elderly people to participate in leisure activities and to facilitate their participation in the community even at high ages.
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| 4340. |
- Agahi, Neda, et al.
(författare)
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Smoking and Physical Inactivity as Predictors of Mobility Impairment During Late Life : Exploring Differential Vulnerability Across Education Level in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5014 .- 1758-5368. ; 73:4, s. 675-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To test whether older adults from high and low educational groups are differentially vulnerable to the impact of smoking and physical inactivity on the progression of mobility impairment during old age.Methods: A nationally representative sample of older Swedish adults (n = 1,311), aged 57-76 years at baseline (1991), were followed for up to 23 years (2014). Multilevel regression was used to estimate individual trajectories of mobility impairment over the study period and to test for differences in the progression of mobility impairment on the basis of smoking status, physical activity status, and level of education.Results: Compared to nonsmokers, heavy smokers had higher levels and steeper increases in mobility impairment with advancing age. However, there were only small and statistically nonsignificant differences in the impact of heavy smoking on mobility impairment in high versus low education groups. A similar pattern of results was found for physical inactivity.Discussion: Differential vulnerability to unhealthy behaviors may vary across populations, age, time-periods, and health outcomes. In this study of older adults in Sweden, low and high education groups did not differ significantly in their associations between heavy smoking or physical inactivity, and the progression of mobility impairment.
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