| 61. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis-specific sickness absence among injured working-aged pedestrians: a sequence analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1, s. 367-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the long-term consequences in terms of sickness absence (SA) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls, is scarce. Therefore, the aim was to explore diagnosis-specific patterns of SA during a four-year period and their association with different sociodemographic and occupational factors among all individuals of working ages who were injured as a pedestrian. METHODS: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 20-59 and living in Sweden, who in 2014-2016 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Diagnosis-specific SA (> 14 days) was assessed weekly from one year before the accident up until three years after the accident. Sequence analysis was used to identify patterns (sequences) of SA, and cluster analysis to form clusters of individuals with similar sequences. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of the different factors and cluster memberships were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 11,432 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident. Eight clusters of SA patterns were identified. The largest cluster was characterized by no SA, three clusters had different SA patterns due to injury diagnoses (immediate, episodic, and later). One cluster had SA both due to injury and other diagnoses. Two clusters had SA due to other diagnoses (short-term and long-term) and one cluster mainly consisted of individuals with disability pension (DP). Compared to the cluster "No SA", all other clusters were associated with older age, no university education, having been hospitalized, and working in health and social care. The clusters "Immediate SA", "Episodic SA" and "Both SA due to injury and other diagnoses" were also associated with higher odds of pedestrians who sustained a fracture. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians observed diverging patterns of SA after their accident. The largest cluster of pedestrians had no SA, and the other seven clusters had different patterns of SA in terms of diagnosis (injury and other diagnoses) and timing of SA. Differences were found between all clusters regarding sociodemographic and occupational factors. This information can contribute to the understanding of long-term consequences of road traffic accidents.
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| 62. |
- Aamodt, Ina Thon, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Care Monitoring of Heart Failure Symptoms and Lung Impedance at Home Following Hospital Discharge: Longitudinal Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - : JMIR PUBLICATIONS, INC. - 1438-8871. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Self-care is key to the daily management of chronic heart failure (HF). After discharge from hospital, patients may struggle to recognize and respond to worsening HF symptoms. Failure to monitor and respond to HF symptoms may lead to unnecessary hospitalizations. Objective: This study aimed to (1) determine the feasibility of lung impedance measurements and a symptom diary to monitor HF symptoms daily at home for 30 days following hospital discharge and (2) determine daily changes in HF symptoms of pulmonary edema, lung impedance measurements, and if self-care behavior improves over time when patients use these self-care monitoring tools. Methods: This study used a prospective longitudinal design including patients from cardiology wards in 2 university hospitals-one in Norway and one in Lithuania. Data on HF symptoms and pulmonary edema were collected from 10 participants (mean age 64.5 years; 90% (9/10) male) with severe HF (New York Heart Association classes III and IV) who were discharged home after being hospitalized for an HF condition. HF symptoms were self-reported using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale for Heart Failure. Pulmonary edema was measured by participants using a noninvasive lung impedance monitor, the Cardio Set Edema Guard Monitor. Informal caregivers aided the participants with the noninvasive measurements. Results: The prevalence and burden of shortness of breath varied from participants experiencing them daily to never, whereas lung impedance measurements varied for individual participants and the group participants, as a whole. Self-care behavior score improved significantly (P=.007) from a median of 56 (IQR range 22-75) at discharge to a median of 81 (IQR range 72-98) 30 days later. Conclusions: Noninvasive measurement of lung impedance daily and the use of a symptom diary were feasible at home for 30 days in HF patients. Self-care behavior significantly improved after 30 days of using a symptom diary and measuring lung impedance at home. Further research is needed to determine if daily self-care monitoring of HF signs and symptoms, combined with daily lung impedance measurements, may reduce hospital readmissions.
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| 63. |
- Abelsson, Anna, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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To strengthen self-confidence as a step in improving prehospital youth laymen basic life support
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : NLM (Medline). - 1471-227X. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A rapid emergency care intervention can prevent the cardiac arrest from resulting in death. In order for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) to have any real significance for the survival of the patient, it requires an educational effort educating the large masses of people of whom the youth is an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a two-hour education intervention for youth regarding their self-confidence in performing Adult Basic Life Support (BLS).METHODS:A quantitative approach where data consist of a pre- and post-rating of seven statements by 50 participants during an intervention by means of BLS theoretical and practical education.RESULTS:The two-hour training resulted in a significant improvement in the participants' self-confidence in identifying a cardiac arrest (pre 51, post 90), to perform compressions (pre 65, post 91) and ventilations (pre 64, post 86) and use a defibrillator (pre 61, post 81). In addition, to have the self-confidence to be able to perform, and to actually perform, first aid to a person suffering from a traumatic event was significantly improved (pre 54, post 89).CONCLUSION:By providing youth with short education sessions in CPR, their self-confidence can be improved. This can lead to an increased will and ability to identify a cardiac arrest and to begin compressions and ventilations. This also includes having the confidence using a defibrillator. Short education sessions in first aid can also lead to increased self-confidence, resulting in young people considering themselves able to perform first aid to a person suffering from a traumatic event. This, in turn, results in young people perceiveing themselves as willing to commence an intervention during a traumatic event. In summary, when the youth believe in their own knowledge, they will dare to intervene.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Abusibaa, W. A., et al.
(författare)
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Expression of the GBGT1 Gene and the Forssman Antigen in Red Blood Cells in a Palestinian Population
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-3796 .- 1660-3818. ; 46:6, s. 450-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Forssman antigen (FORS1 Ag) is expressed on human red blood cells (RBCs). We investigated its presence on RBCs from Palestinian subjects and Swedish subjects by serological testing and by sequencing part of exon 7 of the GBGT1 gene, which encodes Forssman synthase. -Materials and Methods: Blood samples from Palestinian subjects (n = 211 adults and n = 73 newborns) and from Swedish subjects (n = 47 adults) were analyzed in the study. RBCs from the Palestinian samples were typed for the FORS1 Ag using a monoclonal anti-Forssman antibody. The GBGT1 gene was genotyped by DNA sequencing (all adult samples) or by using amplification refractory mutation system PCR (newborn samples). Results: All of the studied samples were negative for the FORS1 Ag by serologic typing. DNA sequencing of the 3′ end of exon 7 of the GBGT1 gene, which includes Arg296, showed that all samples had the wild-type Arg296 sequence, which is associated with an inactive form of Forssman synthase. We detected four single nucleotide polymorphisms in the adult samples; two were silent (p.Tyr232=, p.Gly290=), and two were missense (p.Arg243Cys, p.Arg243His). The allele frequencies ranged from 0.2 to 3.6%. The p.Arg243Cys SNP was a novel SNP that was detected in one Palestinian sample. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the allelic diversity of GBGT1 and identified a novel nucleotide polymorphism in this gene, p.Arg243Cys. Our results also confirmed that the FORS blood group system is a low-frequency system. © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel. Copyright: All rights reserved.
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| 66. |
- Ackerley, R, et al.
(författare)
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Positive Effects of a Weighted Blanket on Insomnia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sleep Medicine & Disorders. - : JSciMed Central. - 2379-0822. ; 2:3, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insomnia is a common occurrence and can have a negative impact on physiological, psychological and social well-being. There is a need for simple, effective solutions to increase sleep quality. It has been suggested that weighted blankets and vests can provide a beneficial calming effect, especially in clinical disorders. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of a chain weighted blanket on insomnia, using objective and subjective measures. Objectively, we found that sleep bout time increased, as well as a decrease in movements of the participants, during weighted blanket use. Subjectively, the participants liked sleeping with the blanket, found it easier to settle down to sleep and had an improved sleep, where they felt more refreshed in the morning. Overall, we found that when the participants used the weighted blanket, they had a calmer night’s sleep. A weighted blanket may aid in reducing insomnia through altered tactile inputs, thus may provide an innovative, non-pharmacological approach and complementary tool to improve sleep quality.
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| 67. |
- Adolfsson, Margareta, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Pain management for children with cerebral palsy in school settings in two cultures: action and reaction approaches
- 2018
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 40:18, s. 2152-2162
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) face particular challenges, e.g. daily pain that threaten their participation in school activities. This study focuses on how teachers, personal assistants, and clinicians in two countries with different cultural prerequisites, Sweden and South Africa, manage the pain of children in school settings. Method: Participants’ statements collected in focus groups were analysed using a directed qualitative content analysis framed by a Frequency of attendance-Intensity of involvement model, which was modified into a Knowing-Doing model. Results: Findings indicated that pain management focused more on children’s attendance in the classroom than on their involvement, and a difference between countries in terms of action-versus-reaction approaches. Swedish participants reported action strategies to prevent pain whereas South African participants primarily discussed interventions when observing a child in pain. Conclusion: Differences might be due to school- and healthcare systems. To provide effective support when children with CP are in pain in school settings, an action-and-reaction approach would be optimal and the use of alternative and augmentative communication strategies would help to communicate children’s pain. As prevention of pain is desired, structured surveillance and treatment programs are recommended along with trustful collaboration with parents and access to “hands-on” pain management when needed.Implications for rehabilitation•When providing support, hands-on interventions should be supplemented by structured preventive programs and routines for parent collaboration (action-and-reaction approach).•When regulating support, Sweden and South Africa can learn from each other;○In Sweden, the implementation of a prevention program has been successful.○In South Africa, the possibilities giving support directly when pain in children is observed have been beneficial.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Aeinehband, Shahin, et al.
(författare)
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Complement Component C3 and Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Are Associated with Neurodegeneration and Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dysregulation of the complement system is evident in many CNS diseases but mechanisms regulating complement activation in the CNS remain unclear. In a recent large rat genomewide expression profiling and linkage analysis we found co-regulation of complement C3 immediately downstream of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), an enzyme hydrolyzing acetylcholine (ACh), a classical neurotransmitter with immunoregulatory effects. We here determined levels of neurofilament-light (NFL), a marker for ongoing nerve injury, C3 and activity of the two main ACh hydrolyzing enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BuChE, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with MS (n = 48) and non-inflammatory controls (n = 18). C3 levels were elevated in MS patients compared to controls and correlated both to disability and NFL. C3 levels were not induced by relapses, but were increased in patients with >= 9 cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging and in patients with progressive disease. BuChE activity did not differ at the group level, but was correlated to both C3 and NFL levels in individual samples. In conclusion, we show that CSF C3 correlates both to a marker for ongoing nerve injury and degree of disease disability. Moreover, our results also suggest a potential link between intrathecal cholinergic activity and complement activation. These results motivate further efforts directed at elucidating the regulation and effector functions of the complement system in MS, and its relation to cholinergic tone.
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| 70. |
- Agace, William, et al.
(författare)
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Thank you to our reviewers!
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mucosal Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1933-0219. ; 12:2, s. 293-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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