| 791. |
- Ryden, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Tumor specific VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR protein are co-expressed in breast cancer
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - 1573-7217 .- 0167-6806. ; 82:3, s. 147-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiogenesis is a prognostic indicator in primary breast cancer regulated by specific angiogenic factors and their receptors. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), so far considered the most important, acts through dimerization of the receptor VEGFR2/KDR within the receptor tyrosine kinase family of VEGF receptors. In order to study the interplay between VEGF-A and VEGFR2/KDR in breast cancer we evaluated their expression by immunohistochemistry in 102 breast cancers organized in a tumor tissue array system allowing semi-quantitative evaluation of cytoplasmatic staining intensity. In addition, VEGF-A(165) was analyzed by an enzyme immuno assay (ELISA) in protein extracts prepared from frozen tissue from 98 of 102 tumors included in the array. Cytoplasmatic staining of VEGF of varying intensity was observed in all samples and correlated with the ELISA results of VEGF content (p=0.007). Interestingly, VEGFR2/KDR expression correlated with VEGF expression using immunohistochemistry, indicating that VEGF and VEGFR2/KDR may be co-expressed in breast cancer. Furthermore, high levels of VEGF-A(165) in the protein extracts was associated with impaired short time survival but not long term survival whereas immunohistochemically assessed VEGF and VEGFR2/KDR were not significantly associated with survival. In summary, immunohistochemically based analysis of VEGF using a tumor tissue array system seems to be a useful method for VEGF quantification in breast cancer here validated using an ELISA based method. The tumor tissue array system enables opportunities of simultaneous analysis of markers engaged in angiogenesis justifying further studies using larger series of tumors.
|
|
| 792. |
- Rydholm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Should tumor depth be included in prognostication of soft tissue sarcoma?
- 2003
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 3:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Most staging systems for soft tissue sarcoma are based on histologic malignancy-grade, tumor size and tumor depth. These factors are generally dichotomized, size at 5 cm. We believe it is unlikely that tumor depth per se should influence a tumor's metastatic capability. Therefore we hypothesized that the unfavourable prognostic importance of depth could be explained by the close association between size and depth, deep-seated tumors on average being larger than the superficial ones. When tumor size is dichotomized, this effect should be most pronounced in the large size (>5 cm) group in which the size span is larger. METHODS: We analyzed the associations between tumor size and depth and the prognostic importance of grade, size and depth in a population-based series of 490 adult patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity or trunk wall with complete, 4.5 years minimum, follow-up. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed no major prognostic effect of tumor depth when grade and size were taken into account. The mean size of small tumors was the same whether superficial or deep but the mean size of large and deep-seated tumors were one third larger than that of large but superficial tumors. Tumor depth influenced the prognosis in the subset of high-grade and large tumors. In this subset deep-seated tumors had poorer survival rate than superficial tumors, which could be explained by the larger mean size of the deep-seated tumors. CONCLUSION: Most of the prognostic value of tumor depth in soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity or trunk wall can be explained by the association between tumor size and depth.
|
|
| 793. |
- Rye, Phil D, et al.
(författare)
-
Interfering with cancer : a brief outline of advances in RNA interference in oncology
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 25:5-6, s. 329-336
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent and ubiquitous gene-silencing mechanism that is generating considerable excitement in the fields of molecular biology and gene therapy. It is now in widespread use for loss-of-function analysis in many diseases including cancer. Nevertheless, RNAi is still in its infancy, with new discoveries appearing on a monthly basis. This article presents a brief outline of the history and recent advances in RNAi with a specific focus on its potential in oncology.
|
|
| 794. |
|
|
| 795. |
- Rye, Phil D, et al.
(författare)
-
Up close and personal : molecular diagnostics in oncology
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Tumor Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1010-4283 .- 1423-0380. ; 25:4, s. 217-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The almost overwhelming volume of information and new technological developments that has demanded so much of our scientific attention over the last decade will shortly revolutionize clinical diagnostics. Some of these developments are already affecting the working lives of scientists and clinicians alike, but will eventually require a greater understanding and acceptance from a much wider audience. Therefore it is important in our current scientific endeavor and commercial enthusiasm for molecular diagnostics that we maintain some awareness of the significant obstacles that must be overcome if we are to see an appropriate, timely and widespread adoption of molecular diagnostic testing in oncology. This article presents a brief commentary on the current state of the art in molecular diagnostics in oncology and how this relates to a more personalized approach to treatment.
|
|
| 796. |
- Saal, Lao, et al.
(författare)
-
Bioarray software environment: a platform for comprehensive management and analysis of microarray data
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-7596 .- 1465-6906. ; 3:8, s. 1-2002
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microarray technique requires the organization and analysis of vast amounts of data. These data include information about the samples hybridized, the hybridization images and their extracted data matrices, and information about the physical array, the features and reporter molecules. We present a web-based customizable bioinformatics solution called BioArray Software Environment (BASE) for the management and analysis of all areas of microarray experimentation. All software necessary to run a local server is available for free and the source code may be downloaded from http://base.thep.lu.se.
|
|
| 797. |
|
|
| 798. |
- Salahshor, Sima, et al.
(författare)
-
Low frequency of E-cadherin alterations in familial breast cancer
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-5411 .- 1465-542X. ; 3:3, s. 199-207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explore the possible role of E-cadherin in familial cancer, 19 familial breast cancer patients, whose tumours demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the E-cadherin locus, were screened for germline mutations. No pathogenic germline alterations were detected in these individuals. However, a somatic mutation was found (49-2A-->C) in one of the tumours. This tumour showed a pattern of both ductal and lobular histology. Another 10 families with cases of breast, gastric and colon cancer were also screened for germline mutations, and no mutations were found. A missense mutation in exon 12 of E-cadherin (1774G-->A; Ala592Thr) was previously found in one family with diffuse gastric cancer, and colon and breast cancer. An allelic association study was performed to determine whether the Ala592Thr alteration predisposes to breast cancer. In total, we studied 484 familial breast cancer patients, 614 sporadic breast cancer patients and 497 control individuals. The frequencies of this alteration were similar in these groups. However, a correlation between the Ala592Thr alteration and ductal comedo-type tumour was seen. These results, together with previously reported studies, indicate that germline mutations and, more commonly, somatic mutations in E-cadherin may have an influence on the behaviour of the tumours, rather than predispose to breast cancer.
|
|
| 799. |
- Salazar, G, et al.
(författare)
-
Apoptosis in male germ cells in response to cyclin A1-deficiency and cell cycle arrest
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Pharmacology. - 0006-2952. ; 66:8, s. 1571-1579
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male mice homozygous for a mutated allele of the cyclin A 1 gene (Ccna 1) are sterile due to a block in cell cycle progression before the first meiotic division. Meiosis arrest in Ccna1(-1-) spermatocytes is associated with desynapsis abnormalities, lowered MPF activity, and apoptosis as evidenced by TUNEL-positive staining. With time, adult testicular tubules exhibit severe degeneration: some tubules in the older animals are almost devoid of germ cells at various stages of spermatogenesis. The mechanisms by which the cells sense the cell cycle arrest and the regulation of the decision to undergo cell death are under investigation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 800. |
- Sand-Dejmek, Janna
(författare)
-
Role of Wnt-5a in breast cancer
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer forms in the industrialized world. Only in Sweden, nearly 6000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year and 1/3 of them eventually succumb to the disease. Wnts are a family of genes that have been implicated in many human tumours, so far mainly studied in colorectal cancer where activated Wnt signalling occurs in a vast majority of tumours. Whereas the oncogenic Wnt-1 is the main Wnt protein investigated in breast cancer, very little work has been focused on Wnt-5a, a protein supposedly antagonizing the oncogenic effects of Wnt-1. We found that Wnt-5a protein expression is reduced in many invasive breast carcinomas and that reduced Wnt-5a expression in the primary tumour strongly correlates with an increased risk of metastatic disease and shorter survival. The expression of Wnt-5a protein co-varies with that of Syk, a tyrosine kinase that is lost in up to 30% of invasive breast carcinomas and associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, patients with tumours expressing both Wnt-5a and Syk had a significantly better prognosis as compared with those displaying loss of either of or both proteins. Despite the co-expression, loss of Wnt-5a and Syk protein appear to be regulated at the translational and transcriptional levels, respectively. In normal breast epithelium, Wnt-5a is important for cell-ECM adhesion and activation of the collagen receptor DDR1. Restitution of Wnt-5a signalling in breast tumour cells confer better adhesion and ability to activate DDR1 as well as a less malignant-looking phenotype. In human breast epithelial cells Wnt-5a activates the canonical b-catenin pathway as well as the non-canonical Ca2+/calmodulin and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways. The latter involves Src, the RhoGTPase Cdc42 and JNK and was shown to counteract the NFAT activation induced by the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway. The collagen-induced activation of DDR1, which also is Src-dependent, appears to be mediated by the PCP pathway. Wnt-5a signalling is thus involved in the activation of DDR1 as well as in hampering NFAT activity, both of which affect the migratory capacity of tumour cells. Consequently, the increased metastatic potential of breast tumours with low Wnt-5a expression could be due to inactivation of DDR1 or enhanced NFAT activation. The results presented in this thesis thus imply that Wnt-5a contains metastasis-suppressing activity in breast cancer. Depending on the cellular effects through which Wnt-5a mediates its function, reconstitution of Wnt-5a signalling might have future therapeutical implications.
|
|
