| 2671. |
- Inghammar, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent erysipelas - risk factors and clinical presentation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Erysipelas is a common infection that often recurs, but the impact of specific risk factors for reoccurrence remains elusive. In the present study we aimed at clarifying predisposing conditions for reoccurrence.
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| 2672. |
- Inghammar, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Serotype distribution of clinical streptococcus pneumoniae isolates before the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Cambodia
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 98:3, s. 791-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in Cambodia in January 2015. Baseline data regarding circulating serotypes are scarce. All microbiology laboratories in Cambodia were contacted for identification of stored isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical specimens taken before the introduction of PCV13. Available isolates were serotyped using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Among 166 identified isolates available for serotyping from patients with pneumococcal disease, 4% were isolated from upper respiratory samples and 80% were from lower respiratory samples, and 16% were invasive isolates. PCV13 serotypes accounted for 60% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52-67) of all isolates; 56% (95% CI 48-64) of noninvasive and 77% (95% CI 57-89) of invasive isolates. Antibiotic resistance was more common among PCV13 serotypes. This study of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates supports the potential for high reduction in pneumococcal disease burden and may serve as baseline data for future monitoring of S. pneumoniae serotypes circulation after implementation of PCV13 childhood vaccination in Cambodia.
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| 2673. |
- Ingholt, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Temperate climate malaria in nineteenth century Denmark
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Plasmodium vivax was endemic in northern Europe until the early twentieth century. Considering climate change and the recent emergence of other vector borne diseases in Europe, historical insight into the relationship between malaria and environmental factors in northern Europe is needed. This article describes malaria epidemiology in late-nineteenth century Denmark. Methods: We described the seasonality and spatial patterns of malaria, and the relationship of the disease with environmental factors such as soil types, clay content and elevation for the period 1862-1914. We studied demographic and seasonal patterns and malaria mortality in the high-morbidity period of 1862-1880. Finally, we studied the relationship between malaria seasonality and temperature and precipitation using a Spearman correlation test. Results: We found that the highest incidence occurred in eastern Denmark. Lolland-Falster medical region experienced the highest incidence (14.5 cases per 1000 pop.) and Bornholm medical region experienced the lowest incidence (0.57 cases per 1000 pop.). Areas with high malaria incidence also had high soil clay content, high agricultural production, and Lolland-Falster furthermore has a low elevation. Malaria incidence typically peaked in May and was associated with high temperatures in July and August of the previous year but not with precipitation. The case fatality rate was 0.17%, and the disease affected both sexes and all age groups except for infants. In 1873, a large epidemic occurred following flooding from a storm surge in November 1872. Conclusions: Malaria gradually declined in Denmark during our study period and had essentially disappeared by 1900. The high adult and low child morbidity in 1862-1880 indicates that malaria was not highly endemic in this period, as malaria is most frequent among children in highly endemic areas today.The association of high malaria incidence in spring with warmer temperatures in the previous summer suggests that transmission took place in the previous summers. The close geographical connection between malaria and soil types, agricultural production and elevation suggests that these factors are detrimental to sustain endemic malaria. Our findings of a close connection between malaria and environmental factors such as climate and geography provides insights to address potential reintroduction of malaria in temperate climates.
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| 2674. |
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| 2675. |
- Inoue, Juliana, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmodium falciparum Plasmepsin 2 Duplications, West Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 24:8, s. 1591-1593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DHA/PPQ) is increasingly deployed as antimalaria drug in Africa. We report the detection in Mali of Plasmodium falciparum infections carrying plasmepsin 2 duplications (associated with piperaquine resistance) in 7/65 recurrent infections within 2 months after DHA/PPQ treatment. These findings raise concerns about the long-term efficacy of DHA/PPQ treatment in Africa.
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| 2676. |
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| 2677. |
- Iovino, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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Pneumococcal meningitis is promoted by single cocci expressing pilus adhesin RrgA
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738 .- 1558-8238. ; 126:8, s. 2821-2826
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the primary cause of bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcal bacteria penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the bacterial factors that enable this process are not known. Here, we determined that expression of pneumococcal pilus-1, which includes the pilus adhesin RrgA, promotes bacterial penetration through the BBB in a mouse model. S. pneumoniae that colonized the respiratory epithelium and grew in the bloodstream were chains of variable lengths; however, the pneumococci that entered the brain were division-competent, spherical, single cocci that expressed adhesive RrgA–containing pili. The cell division protein DivIVA, which is required for an ovoid shape, was localized at the poles and septum of pneumococcal chains of ovoid, nonseparated bacteria, but was absent in spherical, single cocci. In the bloodstream, a small percentage of pneumococci appeared as piliated, RrgA-expressing, DivIVA-negative single cocci, suggesting that only a minority of S. pneumoniae are poised to cross the BBB. Together, our data indicate that small bacterial cell size, which is signified by the absence of DivIVA, and the presence of an adhesive RrgA-containing pilus-1 mediate pneumococcal passage from the bloodstream through the BBB into the brain to cause lethal meningitis.
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| 2678. |
- Ipekci, Aziz Mert, et al.
(författare)
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Outbreaks of publications about emerging infectious diseases: the case of SARS-CoV-2 and Zika virus
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Research Methodology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2288. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Outbreaks of infectious diseases generate outbreaks of scientific evidence. In 2016 epidemics of Zika virus emerged, and in 2020, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared patterns of scientific publications for the two infections to analyse the evolution of the evidence. Methods: We annotated publications on Zika virus and SARS-CoV-2 that we collected using living evidence databases according to study design. We used descriptive statistics to categorise and compare study designs over time. Results: We found 2286 publications about Zika virus in 2016 and 21,990 about SARS-CoV-2 up to 24 May 2020, of which we analysed a random sample of 5294 (24%). For both infections, there were more epidemiological than laboratory science studies. Amongst epidemiological studies for both infections, case reports, case series and cross-sectional studies emerged first, cohort and case-control studies were published later. Trials were the last to emerge. The number of preprints was much higher for SARS-CoV-2 than for Zika virus. Conclusions: Similarities in the overall pattern of publications might be generalizable, whereas differences are compatible with differences in the characteristics of a disease. Understanding how evidence accumulates during disease outbreaks helps us understand which types of public health questions we can answer and when.
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| 2679. |
- Ippolito, G, et al.
(författare)
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AIDS and HIV Infection after Thirty Years
- 2013
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Ingår i: AIDS research and treatment. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-1240 .- 2090-1259. ; 2013, s. 731983-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2680. |
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