| 5301. |
- Landgren, Sara, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Reward-related genes and personality traits in alcohol-dependent individuals: a pilot case control study.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Neuropsychobiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-0224 .- 0302-282X. ; 64:1, s. 38-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Components of the brain reward system, i.e. the mesolimbic dopamine, laterodorsal cholinergic and ghrelin signaling systems, have been implicated in alcohol reward in preclinical studies. Genetic variants of these systems have previously been linked to alcohol dependence. Here, we genotyped 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): 1 SNP in the dopamine D(2) receptor (DRD2) gene, 20 SNPs in 5 different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (CHRN*) genes, and 10 SNPs in the genes encoding pro-ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor (GHSR), in a pilot study of type 1 alcoholics (n = 84) and healthy controls (n = 32). These individuals were characterized using the Temperament and Character Inventory. None of the SNPs were associated with risk of alcohol dependence in this population. The GG genotype of SNP rs13261190 in the CHRNB3 was associated with increased novelty seeking, while SNPs of the ghrelin signaling system were associated with decreased self-directedness (AA of rs495225, GHSR) and alterations in self-transcendence (AA of both rs42451 and rs35680, GHRL). In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that reward-related genes are associated with altered personality scores in type 1 alcohol dependence, which warrants future studies of these associations in larger study samples.
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| 5302. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with developmental coordination disorder: 24-year follow-up of a population-based sample
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlthough the body of research concerning neurodevelopmental disorders is vast, there is a scarcity of longitudinal studies beyond late adolescence, and of studies taking co-existing disorders into account. The present study aimed to investigate outcome in adulthood for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) diagnosed at 6.6years of age.MethodsOut of a screening-based population cohort of 589 individuals, 62 (10 female) diagnosed with ADHD+DCD at mean age 6.6years naive to stimulant treatment were followed into adulthood through national registries. Results were compared to a screen- and assessment negative population matched group from the same cohort (PM group, n=51) and a registry-matched (RM group, n=410) group of the same county and age.ResultsAt 30 to 31years of age, five deaths had occurred; one in the ADHD+DCD group and two each in the comparison groups. In time to event analyses of the composite outcome of any psychiatric disorder, psychotropic prescription, sick pension or criminal sentence, events occurred at a significantly higher rate in the ADHD+DCD group (p=0.0032, vs PM group p=0.0115, vs RM group p=0.0054). The ADHD+DCD group had significantly higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses, prescriptions of psychoactive medications and occurrence of sick pension than both comparison groups. Further, the ADHD+DCD group had significantly lower educational attainment compared to both comparison groups, more years with unemployment, and overall higher welfare recipiency. Rates of pain diagnoses and analgesic prescriptions did not separate the groups.ConclusionADHD+DCD entailed a less favorable outcome in adulthood compared to a non-clinical comparison group and a registry-matched population. Neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed upon school entry is of prognostic utility with respect to function in adulthood, and warrants early identification and management.
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| 5303. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Deficits in attention, motor control and perception childhood to age 30 years: prospective case-control study of outcome predictors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Investigate predictors of adverse outcome in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) at 6 years of age. Design Prospective population-based cohort study. Setting Western Sweden. Participants From a screening-based population cohort of 589 individuals, 62 (11 female) diagnosed with ADHD+DCD at mean age 6.6 years, and a comparison group of 51 population-matched (10 female) children were followed prospectively. Outcome measures Drawn from a clinical reassessment at age 9 years of 110 of the 113 individuals, neuropsychiatric symptoms, continuous performance test results and measures of motor function were used as predictors of outcome in linear regression models. Participants were followed in national registers up to 30-31 years of age for outcomes in adulthood. Predictors were regressed onto an adverse outcome score (range 0-7) comprising seven binary endpoints, and when applicable onto each continuous outcome separately (low educational attainment, low occupation level, psychiatric disorder, psychotropic medication prescription, sick pension, high dependence on social benefits and criminal conviction). Results Of the 110 individuals, 3 had died. In univariable regression onto the adverse outcome score, the strongest predictors at age 9 years were symptoms of conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD and motor dysfunction, with an R-2 around 25%, followed by autistic traits (R-2=15%) and depressive symptoms (R-2=8%). Combining these six strongest predictors in a multivariable model yielded an adjusted R-2=38%. Subgroup analyses were similar, except for a strong association of autistic traits with the adverse outcome score in females (n=20, R-2=50%). Conclusion Several neurodevelopmental symptoms, including ADHD severity at age 9 years, accounted for a considerable amount of the variance in terms of adulthood adverse outcome. Broad neurodevelopmental profiling irrespective of diagnostic thresholds should inform research and clinical practice. The study highlights the importance of considering associated comorbidities and problems in ADHD.
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| 5304. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist on Risk of Committing Child Sexual Abuse in Men with Pedophilic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: JAMA Psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-622X .- 2168-6238. ; 77:9, s. 897-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Importance: Evidence-based treatments from randomized clinical trials for pedophilic disorder are lacking. Objective: To determine whether a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist reduces dynamic risk factors for committing child sexual abuse. Design, Setting, and Participants: This academically initiated, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted at the ANOVA center in Stockholm, Sweden, from March 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019. Individuals who contacted PrevenTell, the national telephone helpline for unwanted sexuality, were recruited. Eligible participants were men seeking help aged 18 to 66 years with a pedophilic disorder diagnosis and no contraindications to the intervention. The primary end point was assessed by intent-to-treat analysis. Interventions: Randomization to receive either 2 subcutaneous injections of 120 mg of degarelix acetate or equal volume of placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was the mean change between baseline and 2 weeks in the composite risk score of 5 domains of child sexual abuse ranging from 0 to 15 points; each domain could be rated from 0 to 3 points. Secondary end points included efficacy at 2 and 10 weeks as measured by the composite score, each risk domain, quality of life, self-reported effects, and adverse events. Results: A total of 52 male participants (mean [SD] age, 36 [12] years) were randomized to receive either degarelix (n = 25; with 1 withdrawal) or placebo (n = 26). At 2 weeks, the composite risk score decreased from 7.4 to 4.4 for participants in the degarelix group and from 7.8 to 6.6 for the placebo group, a mean between-group difference of -1.8 (95% CI, -3.2 to -0.5; P =.01). A decrease was seen in the composite score at 10 weeks (-2.2 [95% CI, -3.6 to -0.7]) as well as in the domains of pedophilic disorder (2 weeks: -0.7 [95% CI, -1.4 to 0.0]; 10 weeks: -1.1 [95% CI, -1.8 to -0.4]) and sexual preoccupation (2 weeks: -0.7 [95% CI, -1.2 to -0.3]; 10 weeks: -0.8 [95% CI, -1.3 to -0.3]) in the degarelix group compared with the placebo group. No difference was seen for the domains of self-rated risk (2 weeks: -0.4 [95% CI, -0.9 to 0.1]; 10 weeks: -0.5 [95% CI, -1 to 0.0]), low empathy (2 weeks: 0.2 [95% CI, -0.3 to 0.6]; 10 weeks: 0.2 [95% CI, -0.2 to 0.6]), and impaired self-regulation (2 weeks: -0.0 [95% CI, -0.7 to 0.6]; 10 weeks: 0.1 [95% CI, -0.5 to 0.8]), or quality of life (EuroQol 5 Dimensions questionnaire index score, 2 weeks: 0.06 [95% CI, -0.00 to 0.12], and 10 weeks: 0.04; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.10; EuroQol visual analog scale, 2 weeks: 0.6 [95% CI, -9.7 to 10.9], and 10 weeks: 4.2 [95% CI, -6.0 to 14.4]). Two hospitalizations occurred from increased suicidal ideation, and more injection site reactions (degarelix: 22 of 25 [88%]; placebo: 1 of 26 [4%]) and hepatobiliary enzyme level elevations were reported by participants who received degarelix (degarelix: 11 of 25 [44%]; placebo: 2 of 26 [8%]). Among the 26 participants randomized to receive degarelix, 20 (77%) experienced positive effects (eg, improved attitude or behavior) on sexuality and 23 (89%) reported adverse effects on the body. Conclusion and Relevance: This trial found that degarelix reduced the risk score for committing child sexual abuse in men with pedophilic disorder 2 weeks after initial injection, suggesting use of the drug as a rapid-onset treatment option. Further studies are warranted into the effects and long-term adverse effects of hormone deficiency. Trial Registration: EU Clinical Trials Register Identifier: 2014-000647-32. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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| 5305. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of testosterone suppression on desire, hypersexuality, and sexual interest in children in men with pedophilic disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1562-2975 .- 1814-1412. ; 23:7, s. 560-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of testosterone withdrawal on significant correlates of paedophilic disorder (PeD) are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore in detail the effects of testosterone suppression from degarelix as compared to placebo on desire, hypersexuality, and subjectively experienced sexual interest in participants with PeD. We compared the sexual effects of degarelix, a GnRH antagonist, on men with PeD assigned to degarelix (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26) in a double-blind randomised clinical trial. Sexual Desire Inventory scores decreased significantly at two weeks (between-group difference p = 0.001, d = -0.96 [-0.38 to -1.55) and ten weeks (p < 0.001, d = -1.30 [-0.69 to -1.91) in participants assigned degarelix, whereas HBI ratings did not differ significantly at two weeks (p = 0.07, d = -0.52 [0.05 to -1.08), but did so at ten weeks (p = 0.01, d = -0.72 [-0.15 to -1.29). Fifteen out of 26 (58%) individuals in the group assigned degarelix and 3 out of 26 (12%) in the group assigned to placebo reported no further sexual interest in children at ten weeks (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0001), an effect unmodified by autistic, antisocial, or impulsive traits, age, age at onset of, or duration of paedophilic attraction.
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| 5306. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adulthood: A Swedish population-based naturalistic cohort study of adoptees from Eastern Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a global health concern. To further understand FASD in adulthood is a major public health interest. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of young adults with FASD adopted from orphanages to a socially more favourable and stable rearing environment as children. Design Prospective observational cohort study Setting Western Sweden Participants A population-based cohort of 37 adoptees diagnosed with FASD in childhood. Outcome measures Assessment consisted of clinical evaluations of social, medical, psychiatric, neuropsychological, adaptive and ophthalmological status by a physician, ophthalmologist, orthoptist and psychologist. Results Out of 37 adoptees with FASD, 36 (15 females) were evaluated at a median age of 22 years (range 18-28) and a mean follow-up time of 15.5 years (range 13-17). Twenty (56%) were dependent on social support. Sexual victimisation was reported by nine (26%). In 21 individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome, growth restriction in height and head circumference of approximately -1.8 SD persisted into adulthood. Of 32 examined, 22 (69%) had gross motor coordination abnormalities. High blood pressure was measured in nine (28%). Ophthalmological abnormalities were found in 29 of 30 (97%). A median IQ of 86 in childhood had declined significantly to 71 by adulthood (mean difference: 15.5; 95% CI 9.5-21.4). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 88%, most commonly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (70%). Three or more disorders were diagnosed in 48%, and 21% had attempted suicide. The median Clinical Global Impression-Severity score was 6 = severely ill'. Conclusion Major cognitive impairments, psychiatric morbidity, facial dysmorphology, growth restriction and ophthalmological abnormalities accompanies FASD in adulthood. Recognition of FASD in childhood warrants habilitation across the lifespan. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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| 5307. |
- Landgren, Valdemar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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The ESSENCE-Questionnaire in Medical Records Screening for Neurodevelopmental Symptoms/Problems: Utility and Clinical Validity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. - 1178-2021. ; 18, s. 2559-2574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Determine the prevalence of symptoms of neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) with a semi-structured review of fourth grade students' medical records, its interrater agreement and validity as compared with clinical assessment. Methods: A school-based sample of 11-year-old children provided child health care (CHC) records and school health care (SHC) records. A pediatric neurologist, child psychiatrist and an adult psychiatrist scored the records, with the "Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations-Questionnaire" (ESSENCE-Q, 12 items scored 0-2, summary score range 0-24). Agreement was measured with model-based kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Ratings were validated against a multidisciplinary assessment involving a physician, psychologist, teacher- and parental behavioral rating scales rendering a clinical global impression severity rating (CGI-S, range 1-7) of NDPs. Results: Out of 223 participants, medical charts were available from 201, of whom 169 were rated by all three raters. Kappa agreement was moderate/strong (similar to 0.8) for 7 of the 12 questionnaire items. Measured with the ICC, concordance in the summary score was good for agreement (similar to 0.8) and excellent (similar to 0.9) for consistency. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = similar to 0.9). Area under the curve for the ESSENCE-Q in predicting clinical-level problems (CGI >= 4) was similar to 80% for all three raters, albeit with differing optimal cutoffs. Conclusion: Using the ESSENCE-Q as a template, NDPs appear to be common in medical records, are identified reliably, and predict clinical-level concern. Medical records screening may facilitate a structured review of medical records in work-ups or be applied in conjunction with other screening measures for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, differences in calibration currently preclude defining a universal cutoff for using the ESSENCE-Q for medical records screening.
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| 5308. |
- Landin, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Oxytocin Receptors Regulate Social Preference in Zebrafish.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With a strong tendency to socialise, the zebrafish is a useful model to study social behaviour, with implications for better treatments of social impairments, for instance in autism spectrum disorders. Although oxytocin is crucial for social behaviour in mammals, the importance of the fish orthologue - isotocin or zebrafish oxytocin (zOT) - for social behaviour in zebrafish is unclear. The aims of this study were firstly, to elucidate the receptor specificity of zOT and the related vasotocin or zebrafish vasopressin (zVP; the orthologue of mammalian vasopressin) and the nonpeptidergic oxytocin receptor antagonist L-368,899, and secondly to investigate if L-368,899 inhibits social preference in zebrafish. The potencies of ligands were evaluated for zOT/zVP family receptors in HEK293 cells. Adult and larval zebrafish were treated with L-368,899 or vehicle and subsequently assessed for social behaviour and anxiety (adults only). The antagonist L-368,899 specifically inhibited the two zOT receptors, but not the two zVP-1 receptors. The antagonist decreased social preference in adult and larval zebrafish. It did not affect anxiety in adults. These results indicate that endogenous zOT, and possibly zVP, is involved in social behaviour in zebrafish via either or both of the two zOT receptors, and show promise for future explorations of the anatomy and evolution of networks underlying social behaviour.
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| 5309. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between adolescent risk for restrictive disordered eating and long-term outcomes related to somatic symptoms, body mass index, and poor well-being
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Health Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1359-107X .- 2044-8287. ; 23:2, s. 496-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveTo date, no longitudinal, community-based studies have examined the association between disordered eating emerging in adolescence and long-term physical well-being. This study sought to explore the longitudinal associations between risk for restrictive disordered eating (DE-R; those not presenting with binge-purge symptoms) in adolescence and trajectories of functional somatic symptoms (FSS) and body mass index (BMI), and several indicators of poor physical well-being across early- to mid-adulthood, including medication, number of doctor visits, and sick leave. DesignData were obtained from the Northern Swedish Cohort Study (N=1,001), a prospective longitudinal study including four time points from age 16 to 42years. MethodsA cumulative measure of DE-R risk was computed. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify subpopulation trajectories of FSS and BMI. The three-step method for auxiliary variables and logistic regressions were used to assess associations between DE-R and the trajectory classes as well as indicators of poorphysical well-being. ResultsThree trajectories were identified for FSS. A gender by BMI interaction led to a classification of four BMI trajectories in men, but three in women. The presence of DE-R risk in adolescence increased odds of unfavourable FSS development, increasing BMI in women, and continually low BMI in men. Indicators of poor physical well-being at ages 21, 30, and 42years were associated with DE-R risk in adolescence. ConclusionsData spanning nearly three decades suggest that physical well-being impairment is related to DE-R risk measured earlier in life, underscoring the urgency for targeted, gender-sensitive preventive interventions for teenagers. What is already known on this subject? Disordered eating is linked to poor physical and mental well-being and quality of life. No longitudinal studies have examined long-term physical well-being consequences of adolescent disordered eating risk. What does this study add? Non-purging disordered eating symptoms in adolescence predict adverse physical well-being outcomes in middle-aged men and women. Targeted interventions and preventative work during adolescence are needed.
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| 5310. |
- Landstedt, Evelina, et al.
(författare)
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Bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health in young people
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 42:4, s. 393-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the factors associated with exposure to in-real-life (IRL) bullying, cyberbullying, and both IRL and cyberbullying and to explore the relationship between these types of bullying and mental health among 13-16-year-old Swedish boys and girls. Methods: Data was derived from a cross-sectional web-based study of 13-16-year-old students in northern Sweden (n=1214, response rate 81.9%). Results: The combination of IRL- and cyberbullying was the most common type of bullying. A non-supportive school environment and poor body image were related to exposure to bullying for both genders but the relationship was more distinct in girls. All types of bullying were associated with depressive symptoms in both boys and girls and all forms of bullying increased the likelihood of psychosomatic problems in girls. Conclusions: Cyberbullying can be seen as an extension of IRL bullying. A combination of IRL- and cyberbullying seems to be particularly negative for mental health. Interventions should focus on improved school environment and body image as well as anti-violence programmes. Gender aspects of bullying need to be acknowledged.
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