| 5631. |
- Lleo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorylated tau181 in plasma as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down syndrome
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) predicts Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology with high accuracy in the general population. In this study, we investigated plasma p-tau181 as a biomarker of AD in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). We included 366 adults with DS (240 asymptomatic, 43 prodromal AD, 83 AD dementia) and 44 euploid cognitively normal controls. We measured plasma p-tau181 with a Single molecule array (Simoa) assay. We examined the diagnostic performance of p-tau181 for the detection of AD and the relationship with other fluid and imaging biomarkers. Plasma p-tau181 concentration showed an area under the curve of 0.80 [95% CI 0.73-0.87] and 0.92 [95% CI 0.89-0.95] for the discrimination between asymptomatic individuals versus those in the prodromal and dementia groups, respectively. Plasma p-tau181 correlated with atrophy and hypometabolism in temporoparietal regions. Our findings indicate that plasma p-tau181 concentration can be useful to detect AD in DS. Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) predicts Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Here, the authors investigated whether plasma ptau181 could be a potential biomarker of AD in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and find plasma p-tau181 can detect AD in DS adults.
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| 5632. |
- Lloyd, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological and existential vulnerability among clinical young women : a quantitative comparison of depression-related subgroups
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mental Health, Religion & Culture. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-4676 .- 1469-9737. ; 18:4, s. 259-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to explore psychological and existential vulnerability among clinical young women in Sweden. Females (n = 53) with depression as the most common preliminary diagnosis were investigated through an online questionnaire. Included measures were Karolinska Scales of Personality, Self-concept, Strategies to Handle Negative Emotions, Sense of Coherence, and questions pertaining to existential meaning-making, including religious/spiritual belief. The sample was divided into High (n = 35) and Low/Inter (n = 18) groups according to scores on the anxiety- and depression-related personality scale Inhibition of aggression. Using independent samples t-test, the High group showed signs of significantly higher psychological and existential vulnerability than the Low/Inter group. Salutogenic factors being (1) coming from socially and societally engaged families and (2) being in a functional existential meaning-making process. The conclusion is that vulnerabilities in the psychological and existential domains are linked, especially in individuals high on depression-like aspects of personality. However, no significant differences for religion/spirituality were found. Treatment implications were addressed.
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| 5633. |
- Lo, Min-Tzu, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:1, s. 152-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality is influenced by genetic and environmental factors(1) and associated with mental health. However, the underlying genetic determinants are largely unknown. We identified six genetic loci, including five novel loci(2,3), significantly associated with personality traits in a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (N = 123,132-260,861). Of these genome-wide significant loci, extraversion was associated with variants in WSCD2 and near PCDH15, and neuroticism with variants on chromosome 8p23.1 and in L3MBTL2. We performed a principal component analysis to extract major dimensions underlying genetic variations among five personality traits and six psychiatric disorders (N = 5,422-18,759). The first genetic dimension separated personality traits and psychiatric disorders, except that neuroticism and openness to experience were clustered with the disorders. High genetic correlations were found between extraversion and attention-deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and between openness and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The second genetic dimension was closely aligned with extraversion-introversion and grouped neuroticism with internalizing psychopathology (e.g., depression or anxiety).
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| 5634. |
- Loberg, E. M., et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial characteristics differentiate non-distressing and distressing voices in 10,346 adolescents
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 28:10, s. 1353-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents hearing non-existent voices may be at risk for psychosis, but the prevalence of voice-hearing (VH) in the general population complicates clinical interpretations. Differentiating between VH with and without distress may aid treatment decisions in psychosis services, but understanding the differences between these two phenomena as they present in the normal adolescent population is necessary to validate this differentiation. The present study compared VH with and without distress in 10,346 adolescents in relation to clinical characteristics, known risk factors, predictors and psychosocial moderators of psychosis. A population-based cohort of Norwegian 16-19 years old adolescents completed a comprehensive web-based questionnaire, including two questions from the extended Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale: (1) I often hear a voice speaking my thoughts aloud and (2) I have been troubled by hearing voices in my head. Adolescents reporting no VH, non-distressing VH or distressing VH were compared on 14 psychosocial and clinical variables. A multinomial regression model showed that non-disturbing voices were predicted by better school grades, social dysfunction, distractibility, affective symptoms and experience of trauma, while the disturbing voices were predicted by the experience of bullying and trauma, perceived negative self-worth and self-efficacy, less family support, dysregulation of activation, distractibility, self-harm and anxiety. Hearing voices without distress versus being distressed by the voices is related to different constellations of psychosocial variables, suggesting that they represent two separate groups of adolescents. The findings validate the emphasis on distress in clinical practice.
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| 5635. |
- Lochner, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood trauma in adults with social anxiety disorder and panic disorder: A cross-national study
- 2010
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Ingår i: African Journal of Psychiatry. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 1994-8220. ; 13:5, s. 376-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The influence of childhood trauma on the development of adult psychopathology is far from being elucidated. As part of a collaborative project between research groups from South Africa (SA) and Sweden focusing on genetic and environmental factors contributing to anxiety disorders, this study specifically investigated rates of childhood trauma in South African and Swedish patients respectively, and whether, in the sample as a whole, different traumatic experiences in childhood is predictive of social anxiety (SAD) or panic disorder (PD) in adulthood.Method: Participants with SAD or PD (85 from SA, 135 from Sweden) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Logistic regression was performed with data from the two countries separately, and from the sample as a whole, with primary diagnoses as dependent variables, with gender, age, and country as covariates, and the CTQ subscale totals as independent variables. Additionally the study investigated the internal consistency of the CTQ subscales.Results: SA patients showed higher levels of childhood trauma than Swedish patients. When data from both countries were combined, SAD patients reported higher rates of childhood emotional abuse compared to those with PD; moreover, emotional abuse in childhood was found to play a predictive role in SAD/PD in adulthood in the Swedish and the combined samples, and the same trend was found in the SA sample. The psychometric qualities of the CTQ subscales were adequate with the exception of the physical neglect subscale.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that anxiety disorder patients may differ across countries in terms of childhood trauma. Certain forms of childhood abuse may contribute specific vulnerability to different types of psychopathology. Longitudinal studies should focus on the potential sequential development of SAD/PD among individuals with childhood emotional abuse.
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| 5636. |
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| 5637. |
- Lockwood Estrin, G, et al.
(författare)
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Altered white matter and cortical structure in neonates with antenatally diagnosed isolated ventriculomegaly.
- 2016
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. Clinical. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-1582. ; 11, s. 139-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventriculomegaly (VM) is the most common central nervous system abnormality diagnosed antenatally, and is associated with developmental delay in childhood. We tested the hypothesis that antenatally diagnosed isolated VM represents a biological marker for altered white matter (WM) and cortical grey matter (GM) development in neonates. 25 controls and 21 neonates with antenatally diagnosed isolated VM had magnetic resonance imaging at 41.97(±2.94) and 45.34(±2.14) weeks respectively. T2-weighted scans were segmented for volumetric analyses of the lateral ventricles, WM and cortical GM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures were assessed using voxel-wise methods in WM and cortical GM; comparisons were made between cohorts. Ventricular and cortical GM volumes were increased, and WM relative volume was reduced in the VM group. Regional decreases in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increases in mean diffusivity (MD) were demonstrated in WM of the VM group compared to controls. No differences in cortical DTI metrics were observed. At 2years, neurodevelopmental delays, especially in language, were observed in 6/12 cases in the VM cohort. WM alterations in isolated VM cases may be consistent with abnormal development of WM tracts involved in language and cognition. Alterations in WM FA and MD may represent neural correlates for later neurodevelopmental deficits.
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| 5638. |
- Lodin, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health is associated with fatigue, but not inflammatory cytokines or fraction of exhaled nitric oxide in men and women with allergic asthma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32:Suppl., s. e31-e31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder with both local and systemic inflammation and is associated with elevated levels of cytokines as well as exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (FeNO). Fatigue is a prominent symptom. Poor self-rated health has previously been associated to fatigue and inflammatory markers. However, it is not known if self-rated health is associated with fatigue and inflammation also in patients with asthma. Here, we investigated the associations between self-rated health, fatigue, inflammatory cytokines and FeNO in patients with asthma. Self-rated health, fatigue, levels of cytokines and FeNO were assessed in 184 (93 men, 91 women) non-smoking patients with allergic asthma aged 18–64 years in a one-year longitudinal study with five repeated measurements, two for cytokine levels. Analyses of associations between repeated measurements were performed using mixed regression models. More fatigue was associated with poor self-rated health in both men and women (p < 0.001). Fatigue was also associated to elevated levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in women (p < 0.01). However, no association between self-rated health, inflammatory cytokines and FeNO were found. In conclusion, fatigue is an important determinant of self-rated health also in patients with asthma. In addition, fatigue was associated to elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in women. Possibly, variance in inflammation may be of less importance in a chronic inflammatory condition such as asthma in relation to how subjective health is appraised.
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| 5639. |
- Logotheti, Marianthi, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparative Genomic Study in Schizophrenic and in Bipolar Disorder Patients, Based on Microarray Expression Profiling Meta-Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific World Journal. - New York, USA : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1537-744X. ; 2013:685917, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia affecting almost 1% and bipolar disorder affecting almost 3%-5% of the global population constitute two severe mental disorders. The catecholaminergic and the serotonergic pathways have been proved to play an important role in the development of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other related psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study was to perform and interpret the results of a comparative genomic profiling study in schizophrenic patients as well as in healthy controls and in patients with bipolar disorder and try to relate and integrate our results with an aberrant amino acid transport through cell membranes. In particular we have focused on genes and mechanisms involved in amino acid transport through cell membranes from whole genome expression profiling data. We performed bioinformatic analysis on raw data derived from four different published studies. In two studies postmortem samples from prefrontal cortices, derived from patients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and control subjects, have been used. In another study we used samples from postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of bipolar subjects while the final study was performed based on raw data from a gene expression profiling dataset in the postmortem superior temporal cortex of schizophrenics. The data were downloaded from NCBI's GEO datasets
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| 5640. |
- Logotheti, Marianthi, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Development and validation of a skin fibroblast biomarker profile for schizophrenic patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: AIMS Bioengineering. - Springfield, USA : AIMS press. - 2375-1487 .- 2375-1495. ; 3:4, s. 552-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gene expression profiles of non-neural tissues through microarray technology could be used in schizophrenia studies, adding more information to the results from similar studies on postmortem brain tissue. The ultimate goal of such studies is to develop accessible biomarkers. Supervised machine learning methodologies were used, in order to examine if the gene expression from skin fibroblast cells could be exploited for the classification of schizophrenic subjects. A dataset of skin fibroblasts gene expression of schizophrenia patients was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. After applying statistical criteria, we concluded to genes that present a differential expression between the schizophrenic patients and the healthy controls. Based on those genes, functional profiling was performed with the BioInfoMiner web tool. After the statistical analysis, 63 genes were identified as differentially expressed. The functional profiling revealed interesting terms and pathways, such as mitogen activated protein kinase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways, as well as immune-related mechanisms. A subset of 16 differentially expressed genes from fibroblast gene expression profiling that occurred after Support Vector Machines Recursive Feature Elimination could efficiently separate schizophrenic from healthy controls subjects. These findings suggest that through the analysis of fibroblast based gene 553 expression signature and with the application of machine learning methodologies we might conclude to a diagnostic classification model in schizophrenia.
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