| 6001. |
- Mortensen, Gitte Lee, et al.
(författare)
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Bipolar Patients' Quality of Life in Mixed States: A Preliminary Qualitative Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychopathology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0254-4962 .- 1423-033X. ; 48:3, s. 192-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Approximately 20% of patients with bipolar disorder experience mixed states. Mixed states are associated with more comorbidity, poorer treatment response and prognosis, increased relapse rate, and decreased functioning. This study aimed to produce in-depth knowledge about bipolar patients' quality of life (QoL) and functioning related to mixed states. Sampling and Methods: This study used qualitative research methods. A semi-structured interview guide based on a literature study was applied in interviews with 6 remitted bipolar I patients having experienced mixed states. A medical anthropological approach was applied to analyse the data. Results: Participants described mixed states as worse than other bipolar disorder states and their residual symptoms were prolonged. Mixed states affected the functioning of patients in key life domains such as self-esteem, family, love and social life, physical well-being, and working capability. Conclusions: Mixed states may severely affect the QoL and functioning of bipolar patients. Our results indicate that improving these should be a main goal of patient treatment. With an aim of adequately identifying and treating mixed states, our findings highlight the need for knowledge about this particularly severe expression of bipolar disorder. These results should be confirmed in a larger sample of patients with varying socioeconomic status. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 6002. |
- Mosconi, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative Stress and Amyloid-Beta Pathology in Normal Individuals with A Maternal History of Alzheimer's.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 68:10, s. 913-921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Epidemiology and imaging studies showed that cognitively normal (NL) individuals with a maternal history (MH) of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) might be at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with NL with a paternal history (PH) and NL with a negative family history of LOAD (NH). With a panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, this study examined whether NL MH showed evidence for AD pathology compared with PH and NH. METHODS:: Fifty-nine 40-80-year-old NL subjects were examined, including 23 MH and 14 PH whose parents had a clinician-certified diagnosis of LOAD and 22 NH. All subjects completed clinical neuropsychological examinations and a lumbar puncture to measure CSF levels of amyloid-beta (Abeta(40), Abeta(42), Abeta(42/40)), total and hyperphosphorylated tau (T-Tau and P-Tau(231); markers of axonal degeneration and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively), and F(2)-isoprostanes (IsoP) (a marker of oxidative stress). RESULTS:: Groups were comparable for demographic and neuropsychological measures. The MH subjects showed higher IsoP and reduced Abeta(42/40) CSF levels compared with NH and with PH (p values
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| 6003. |
- Motilla Hoppe, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Association between amygdala neurokinin-1 receptor availability and anxiety-related personality traits
- 2018
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal studies indicate that substance P (SP) and its preferred neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor modulate stress and anxiety-related behavior. Alterations in the SP-NK1 system have also been observed in human anxiety disorders, yet little is known about the relation between this system and individual differences in personality traits associated with anxiety propensity and approach-avoidance behavior, including trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. Exploring this relation could provide important insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of human anxiety and the etiology of anxiety disorders, as anxious traits are associated with increased susceptibility to develop psychopathological conditions. Here we examined the relationship between central NK1 receptor availability and selfrated measures of trait anxiety, neuroticism, and extraversion. The amygdala was chosen as the primary region of interest since this structure has been suggested to mediate the effect of the SP-NK1 system on anxiety. Anxious traits and NK1 receptor availability, determined with positron emission tomography and the radiotracer [C-11]GR205171, were measured in 17 healthy individuals. Voxel-wise analyses showed a significant positive correlation between bilateral amygdala NK1 receptor availability and trait anxiety, and a trend in similar direction was observed for neuroticism. Conversely, extraversion was found to be negatively associated with amygdala NK1 receptor availability. Extraversion also correlated negatively with the NK1 measure in the cuneus/precuneus and fusiform gyrus according to exploratory whole-brain analyses. In conclusion, our findings indicate that amygdala NK1 receptor availability is associated with anxiety-related personality traits in healthy subjects, consistent with a modulatory role for the SP-NK1 system in human anxiety.
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| 6004. |
- Mourad, Ghassan, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare use in patients with cardiovascular disease and depressive symptoms - The impact of a nurse-led internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy program. A secondary analysis of a RCT
- 2024
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : ELSEVIER. - 2214-7829. ; 35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Depressive symptoms in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) can lead to increased healthcare use. In a randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02778074), we reported that a 9-week internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) program (n = 72) compared to an online discussion forum (ODF) (n = 72) had moderate to large effect on depression in CVD outpatients. In this secondary analysis, we aimed to describe and compare the effect of iCBT compared to ODF regarding healthcare use and to identify factors impacting healthcare use in these groups.Methods: Data on healthcare use were retrieved from care data registries in five hospitals in Southeastern Sweden.Results: The year prior to intervention, the iCBT group had a mean of 31 outpatient clinic/primary care contacts per patient compared with 21 contacts the year after. The corresponding numbers for the ODF group were 37 and 25. The decrease was 32 % in both groups and did not differ significantly (p = 0.261 and p = 0.354) between the groups. Regarding hospital admissions, the iCBT group had 0.8 admissions per patient the year before and 0.6 the year after the intervention, a decrease by 25 %, whereas the ODF group had 1.1 and 0.6 admissions respectively, a decrease by 45 %. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.270 and p = 0.883) between the groups. Improvement in depressive symptoms post intervention were significantly (Beta = 0.459, p = 0.047) associated with a decrease in number of outpatient contacts in the iCBT group. In the ODF group, better mental health -related quality of life post intervention was significantly (Beta = -0.429, p = 0.045) associated with a decrease in number of hospital admissions.Conclusion: Reduced depressive symptom scores following intervention were associated with lower outpatient service use, but iCBT was not superior compared to ODF. This implicates that reducing depression in CVD pa-tients, regardless of the type of internet-delivered intervention used, is important since it may reduce healthcare use in these patients.
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| 6005. |
- Mousavi, Fariba, et al.
(författare)
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Agency, Communion, and Intelligence among Twins
- 2014
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Ingår i: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Recent research suggests that agentic (e.g., self-acceptance, self-control, goal-directed behavior) and communal (e.g., social affiliation, social tolerance, empathy and helpfulness) meta-cognitive strategies and principles are connected to higher levels of well-being and lower levels of dysfunction and suffering among adolescents. Using Cloninger’s model of personality, comprising 4 temperament (Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and 3 character (Self-directedness (i.e., agency), Cooperativeness (i.e., communion) and Self-transcendence) dimensions, it has been suggested that interventions targeting Self-directedness and Cooperativeness can lead to alleviation of destructive behaviour patterns, mental disorders and increased positive emotions, life satisfaction, sense of meaning, and well-being as a whole. Moreover, in contrast to the temperament dimensions, shared environmental effects influence Self-directedness and Cooperativeness during adolescence; this may not be the case earlier in childhood or later in adulthood. Hence, as environmental influences shift from adolescence to adulthood, interventions during this period in the life span might be successful. Nevertheless, using other models of personality, personality traits associated to agency have been linked to intelligence and academic performance. If so, interventions aimed to increase agency and communion might be constrained by fluid intelligence. The present study uses twin data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) to test the relationship between personality and cognitive ability. Method: Data was from a normal population sample of 370 15-year-old twins from the CATSS (159 girls and 211 boys), enriched for various types of mental health problems. Personality was measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory and intelligence with the fourth version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV). Correlation analyses were conducted using random-selected twins from each dyad and separately for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, as well as for girls and boys. Results: There were no significant correlations between character and WISC-IV scales. The only significant, if weak, correlations between intelligence and personality dimensions were those between the temperament dimension of Persistence and different WISC-IV scales: Verbal Comprehension (r = .29, p < .01), Perceptual Reasoning (r = .22, p < .01), Working Memory (r = .20, p < .01), and the Full WISC-IV scale (r = .26, p < .01). This relationship could also be discerned between Persistence and the WISC-IV sub-scales: Vocabulary (r = .27, p < .01), Similarities (r = .24, p < .01), Comprehension (r = .22, p < .01), Matrix Reasoning (r = .23, p < .01), Digit Span (r = .16, p < .05) and Letter-Number Sequencing (r = .18, p < .05). The strength of these correlations was not significantly different between monozygotic and dizygotic twins (zobs between -0.19 and 0.13) or between girls and boys (zobs between -0.77 and 0.03). Conclusions: Persistence, a temperament dimension that measures heritable individual differences in eagerness of effort, ambition, perfectionism, and resistance to discouragement despite frustration and fatigue, is weakly linked to measures of cognitive abilities. This link does not seem to be moderated by zygocity or gender. More importantly, no relevant relationships were found for agency nor communion (i.e., Self-directedness or Cooperativeness) and cognitive ability. Hence, interventions aimed at improving Self-directedness and Cooperativeness should not be limited by variations in intelligence.
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| 6006. |
- Mousavi, Fariba, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes towards drugs in relation to drug usage, impulsiveness and other risk factors
- 2014
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 2, s. e410-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Illicit drug use influences people’s lives and elicits unwanted behaviour. Current research shows that there is an increase in young people’s drug use in Sweden. The aim was to investigate Swedish high-school pupils’ attitudes, impulsiveness and gender differences linked to drug use. Risk and protective factors relative to drug use were also a focus of interest.Method. High school pupils (n = 146) aged 17–21 years, responded to the Adolescent Health and Development Inventory, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Knowledge, and the Attitudes and Beliefs. Direct logistic, multiple regression analyses, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data.Results. Positive Attitudes towards drugs were predicted by risk factors (odds ratio = 37.31) and gender (odds ratio = .32). Risk factors (odds ratio = 46.89), positive attitudes towards drugs (odds ratio = 4.63), and impulsiveness (odds ratio = 1.11) predicted drug usage. Risk factors dimensions Family, Friends and Individual Characteristic were positively related to impulsiveness among drug users. Moreover, although boys reported using drugs to a greater extent, girls expressed more positive attitude towards drugs and even reported more impulsiveness than boys.Conclusion. This study reinforces the notion that research ought to focus on gender differences relative to pro-drug attitudes along with testing for differences in the predictors of girls’ and boys’ delinquency and impulsiveness. Positive attitudes towards drugs among adolescents seem to be part of a vicious circle including risk factors, such as friendly drug environments (e.g., friends who use drugs) and unsupportive family environments, individual characteristics, and impulsiveness.
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| 6007. |
- Moutoussis, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Neural activity and fundamental learning, motivated by monetary loss and reward, are intact in mild to moderate major depressive disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Reduced motivation is an important symptom of major depression, thought to impair recovery by reducing opportunities for rewarding experiences. We characterized motivation for monetary outcomes in depressed outpatients (N = 39, 22 female) and controls (N = 22, 11 female) in terms of their effectiveness in seeking rewards and avoiding losses. We assessed motivational function during learning of associations between stimuli and actions, as well as when learning was complete. We compared the activity within neural circuits underpinning these behaviors between depressed patients and controls. Methods We used a Go/No-Go task that assessed subjects' abilities in learning to emit or withhold actions to obtain monetary rewards or avoid losses. We derived motivation-relevant parameters of behavior (learning rate, Pavlovian bias, and motivational influence of gains and losses). After learning, participants performed the task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared neural activation during anticipation of action emission vs. action inhibition, and for actions performed to obtain rewards compared to actions that avoid losses. Results Depressed patients showed a similar Pavlovian bias to controls and were equivalent in terms of withholding action to gain rewards and emitting action to avoid losses, behaviors that conflict with well-described Pavlovian tendencies to approach rewards and avoid losses. Patients were not impaired in overall performance or learning and showed no abnormal neural responses, for example in bilateral midbrain or striatum. We conclude that basic mechanisms subserving motivated learning are thus intact in moderate depression. Implications Therapeutically, the intact mechanisms identified here suggest that learning-based interventions may be particularly effective in encouraging recovery. Etiologically, our results suggest that the severe motivational deficits clinically observed in depression are likely to have complex origins, possibly related to an impairment in the representation of future states necessary for long-term planning.
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| 6008. |
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| 6009. |
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| 6010. |
- Muhsin, Huda Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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Air pollution and increased number of psychiatric emergency room visits: A case-crossover study for identifying susceptible groups
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ambient particulate matter is a leading risk factor for disease globally. Particulate matter 10 (PM10) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are derived from different sources, including operating motor vehicles as well as from industrial activities. In this study we investigate the association between increased concentrations of PM and total daily visits to the psychiatric emergency unit (PEV). Further, the aim is to identify specific risk groups who are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution exposure by studying sex, age, ongoing psychiatric follow-up and diagnoses of depression/anxiety or substance use.Material and methods: The sample was comprised of data from 2740 days to 81 548 PEVs at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg and daily mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyse associations between air pollution and PEVs.Results: Mean number of daily PEVs were 35 and sex distribution was even. PM exposure was associated with total PEV at lag 0 (the same day), by RR 1.016 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004–1.028) and RR 1.020 (95%CI 1.003–1.038) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. In females, PEV were increased at lag 0 and lag 1, and in males at lag 1 and lag 2. In the age-stratified analysis, PEVs significantly increased following PM exposure amongst individuals aged 35–65 years by lag 0–2 and in individuals who had contact with outpatient care at lag 0 to lag 1. There were no associations between air pollution and PEVs for any specific diagnostic group evaluated (amongst depression, anxiety and substance use disorder).Conclusions: The results indicate that acute exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 may trigger acute worsening in mental health in both males and females, especially among 35–65 year old individuals. However, in subgroups of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, we did not observe statistically significant associations with PM exposure.
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