| 81. |
- Björk, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
High prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents eligible for bariatric surgery for severe obesity
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 110:5, s. 1534-1540
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To assess the prevalence of neurodevelopmental problems in adolescents with severe obesity and their associations with binge eating and depression. Methods: Data were collected at inclusion in a randomised study of bariatric surgery in 48 adolescents (73% girls; mean age 15.7 ± 1.0 years; mean body mass index 42.6 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Parents completed questionnaires assessing their adolescents’ symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder and reported earlier diagnoses. Patients answered self-report questionnaires on binge eating and depressive symptoms. Results: The parents of 26/48 adolescents (54%) reported scores above cut-off for symptoms of the targeted disorders in their adolescents, but only 15% reported a diagnosis, 32% of adolescents reported binge eating, and 20% reported symptoms of clinical depression. No significant associations were found between neurodevelopmental problems and binge eating or depressive symptoms. Only a third of the adolescents reported no problems in either area. Conclusion: Two thirds of adolescents seeking surgical weight loss presented with substantial mental health problems (reported by themselves or their parents). This illustrates the importance of a multi-professional approach and the need to screen for and treat mental health disorders in adolescents with obesity.
|
|
| 82. |
- Björkelund, Cecilia, 1948, et al.
(författare)
-
Using patient-centred consultation when screening for depression in elderly patients: A comparative pilot study
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 29:1, s. 51-56
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Using validated screening instruments to detect depressive symptoms in the elderly has been recommended. The aim of this study was to compare a patient-centred consultation model with the PRIME-MD screening questionnaire, using the MADRS-S as reference for detecting depressive symptoms in an elderly primary care population. Design. Comparative study. Setting. Primary care, Sweden. Subjects. During an 11-month period 302 consecutive patients aged 60 and over attending a primary care centre were screened with the PRIME- MD and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale-Self-rated version (MADRS-S) instrument. The results were unknown to the GPs who used a structured, patientcentred consultation model comprising seven open-ended “key questions”. Main outcome measures. Sensitivity, specifi city, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for the PRIME-MD screening questionnaire and the patient-centred consultation model using MADRS-S as reference for possible depression at two cut-off levels with 15% prevalence. Results. Sensitivity was lower for the consultation model than the PRIME-MD screening questionnaire: 78% and 98%, respectively. The GPs failed to identify every fi fth patient using the lower cut-off (MADRS-S 13) but the number of required diagnostic interviews decreased by almost 50%: 85 versus 162, respectively. PPV was 43% and 28%, respectively. Both instruments showed high sensitivity (93%) using the higher cut-off (MADRS-S 20) and had high NPV: 95% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions. The fi ndings suggest that the consultation screening procedure might be as useful in everyday practice as the PRIME-MD screening questionnaire. Both screening procedures may also be useful for ruling out depressive symptoms.
|
|
| 83. |
- Bos, Isabelle, et al.
(författare)
-
The frequency and influence of dementia risk factors in prodromal Alzheimer's disease
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 56, s. 33-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether dementia risk factors were associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the International Working Group-2 and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and with cognitive decline. A total of 1394 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from 14 different studies were classified according to these research criteria, based on cognitive performance and biomarkers. We compared the frequency of 10 risk factors between the subgroups, and used Cox-regression to examine the effect of risk factors on cognitive decline. Depression, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia occurred more often in individuals with low-AD-likelihood, compared with those with a high-AD-likelihood. Only alcohol use increased the risk of cognitive decline, regardless of AD pathology. These results suggest that traditional risk factors for AD are not associated with prodromal AD or with progression to dementia, among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Future studies should validate these findings and determine whether risk factors might be of influence at an earlier stage (i.e., preclinical) of AD.
|
|
| 84. |
|
|
| 85. |
- Buchhave, Peder, et al.
(författare)
-
Cube copying test in combination with rCBF or CSF A beta(42) predicts development of Alzheimer's disease
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 25:6, s. 544-552
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background/Aim: </i>The aim was to identify subjects with incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using brief cognitive tests. <i>Methods: </i>A total of 147 MCI patients were followed for 4–6 years and the incidence of AD was 11.6%/year. At baseline, the cube copying test, clock drawing test, MMSE and measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-amyloid<sub>1–42</sub> (Aβ<sub>42</sub>) were performed. <i>Results: </i>The cube copying test, but not the clock drawing test, could predict AD among MCI patients with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.64 (p < 0.01). The relative risk for future AD was increased in MCI subjects with impaired cube copying test (sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratio = 1.8, p < 0.05) and the incidence of AD was 18.2% in this subgroup. Combining the cube copying test with either rCBF or CSF Aβ<sub>42</sub> had additive effects on the risk assessment for future development of AD. MCI patients achieving high scores on both MMSE and cube copying test had a very low risk of developing AD (incidence of AD = 1.6%). <i>Conclusion: </i>In conclusion, combinations of the cube copying test with MMSE, rCBF and CSF Aβ<sub>42</sub> measurements can identify subgroups of MCI subjects with either substantially reduced or increased risk for future development of AD.
|
|
| 86. |
|
|
| 87. |
- Damian, Marinella, et al.
(författare)
-
Single-Domain Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Identified by Cluster Analysis Predicts Alzheimer's Disease in the European Prospective DESCRIPA Study
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 36:1-2, s. 1-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: To identify prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects using a data-driven approach to determine cognitive profiles in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A total of 881 MCI subjects were recruited from 20 memory clinics and followed for up to 5 years. Outcome measures included cognitive variables, conversion to AD, and biomarkers (e. g. CSF, and MRI markers). Two hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) were performed to identify clusters of subjects with distinct cognitive profiles. The first HCA included all subjects with complete cognitive data, whereas the second one selected subjects with very mild MCI (MMSE >= 28). ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were computed to examine whether the clusters differed with regard to conversion to AD, and to AD-specific biomarkers. Results: The HCAs identified 4-cluster solutions that best reflected the sample structure. One cluster (aMCIsingle) had a significantly higher conversion rate (19%), compared to subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, p < 0.0001), and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI, p = 0.012). This cluster was the only one showing a significantly different biomarker profile (A beta(42), t-tau, APOE epsilon 4, and medial temporal atrophy), compared to SCI or naMCI. Conclusion: In subjects with mild MCI, the single-domain amnestic MCI profile was associated with the highest risk of conversion, even if memory impairment did not necessarily cross specific cut-off points. A cognitive profile characterized by isolated memory deficits may be sufficient to warrant applying prevention strategies in MCI, whether or not memory performance lies below specific z-scores. This is supported by our preliminary biomarker analyses. However, further analyses with bigger samples are needed to corroborate these findings. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
|
|
| 88. |
- de Paula, Helena Korres, et al.
(författare)
-
KEAP1 polymorphisms and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with exposure to prenatal MeHg from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2
- 2023
-
Ingår i: NeuroToxicology. - 1872-9711. ; 99, s. 177-183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Humans differ in the metabolism of the neurotoxicant methyl mercury (MeHg). This variation may be partially due to variation in genes encoding the transcription factor Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1), which regulate glutathione and related transporter and antioxidant proteins that play a role in the metabolism and neurotoxicity of MeHg.AIM: To elucidate a potential risk from genetic variation in NFE2L2 (encoding NRF2) and KEAP1 toward prenatal mercury exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes at 20 months and 7 years of age in a population with variable prenatal exposure to MeHg from maternal fish consumption.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nutrition Cohort 2 is a mother-child cohort in the Republic of Seychelles. Children were genotyped for NFE2L2 (rs2364723, rs13001694) and KEAP1 (rs8113472, rs9676881) polymorphisms (N = 1,285 after removing siblings). Total mercury (Hg) was measured in cord blood as a biomarker for prenatal MeHg exposure. Child neurodevelopmental outcomes included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II administered at 20 months of age, and outcomes across multiple neurodevelopmental domains from 14 tests administered in children and 3 instruments completed by parents when children were 7 years of age.RESULTS: The mean cord blood MeHg concentration was 34 (95% CI 11, 75) µg/L. None of the four polymorphisms had a significant association (p<0.05) with either cord MeHg or neurodevelopmental test results at 20 months. There were no significant associations between either NFE2L2 polymorphism and any developmental test scores. At 7 years, children carrying KEAP1 rs8113472 CA showed significantly worse performance on psychomotor function than children with the CC variant (finger tapping, dominant hand: β -1.19, SE 0.34; finger tapping, non-dominant hand: β -0.92, SE 0.31) and worse social communication (SCQ Total: β 0.65, SE 0.27). Children carrying rs8113472 AA, versus children with CC, showed significantly better performance on social communication (SRS Total: β -8.88, SE 3.60). Children carrying KEAP1 rs9676881 AG, versus children with GG, showed significantly worse performance on psychomotor function (trailmaking A time: β 8.66, SE 3.37) and cognition (KBIT Matrices: β -0.96, SE 0.36).CONCLUSION: No associations between NFE2L2 and KEAP1 polymorphisms and MeHg concentration were identified. However, at 7 years, KEAP1 polymorphisms were associated with differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from a population with high fish intake.
|
|
| 89. |
- Elbaz, Alexis, et al.
(författare)
-
Independent and Joint Effects of the MAPT and SNCA Genes in Parkinson Disease
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 69:5, s. 778-792
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in Parkinson disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium. Methods: Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of 4 SNCA (rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and 2 MAPT (rs1052553, rs242557) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Individual and joint effects of SNCA and MAPT SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied on both a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach. Results: Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5,302 cases and 4,161 controls. All 4 SNCA SNPs and the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For SNCA, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 30 end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the 4 SNCA SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale. Interpretation: This study confirms the association between PD and both SNCA SNPs and the H1 MAPT haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these 2 loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects. ANN NEUROL 2011; 69: 778-792
|
|
| 90. |
- Englund, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
-
Increase in beta-amyloid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of children with down syndrome
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 24:5, s. 369-374
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Background:</i> Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) invariably develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during their life span. It is therefore of importance to study young DS patients when trying to elucidate early events in AD pathogenesis. <i>Aim:</i> To investigate how levels of different amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau and phosphorylated tau, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with DS change over time. The first CSF sample was taken at 8 months and the following two samples at 20–40 and 54 months of age. <i>Results:</i> Individual levels of the Aβ peptides, as well as total Aβ levels in CSF increased over time when measured with Western blot. Tau in CSF decreased whereas there was no change in levels of phosphorylated tau over time. <i>Conclusion:</i> The increasing levels of Aβ in CSF during early childhood of DS patients observed in this study are probably due to the trisomy of the Aβ precursor APP, which leads to an overproduction of Aβ. Despite the increased CSF concentrations of Aβ, there were no signs of an AD-indicating tau pattern in CSF, since the levels of total tau decreased and phosphorylated tau remained unchanged. This observation further strengthens the theory of Aβ pathology preceding tau pathology in AD.
|
|
