| 11. |
- Gustafson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia
- 1997
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Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 8:4, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and microvacuolization, although with different distributions of cortical involvement. In contrast to AD there is no amyloid, senile plaques or tangles in FTD. The involvement of chromosome 19 in AD has been associated with apoliprotein E (ApoE) and the epsi4 gene frequency has been related to increased risk and early onset of AD. Our analysis of frequency of the ApoE alleles in 38 patients with AD, 21 patients with FTD and 29 normal controls indicates an association of both AD and FTD with an increased frequency of the epsi4 allele and in AD also with homozygosity for epsi4. Our results might indicate that ApoE epsi4 is an important aggravating and pathoplastic factor in the presence of genetic and other determinants for the development of AD or FTD. A significantly higher epsi2 frequency in our FTD material compared to AD and normals might also indicate a connection with the distribution of cortical degeneration.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Holst, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship of vocally disruptive behavior and previous personality in severely demented institutionalized patients.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. - 1532-8228. ; 11:3, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the previous personalities of patients, their behavior during the course of the disease, and the relationship between the previous personality and vocally disruptive behavior of severely demented patients. Twenty-one severely demented patients identified as vocally disruptive and 19 severely demented control subjects who were matched for gender and ward were studied. A family member or close relative who knew the patient very well described the patient's personal characteristics from what they judged to be the “best” period in the patient's life and responded, on behalf of the patient, to the 57 items in a modified version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The results of this study can be interpreted to indicate that a previous personality described as introverted, rigid, and with a tendency to control emotions, as remembered retrospectively by a close family member, may correlate to current disruptive behavior. Despite the limitations of this study, the findings indicated that a patient's previous personality characteristics need to be taken into consideration because they may partially explain vocal activity and are therefore important for the provision of nursing care. Further research has to be performed to highlight the impact of previous personality characteristics on various kinds of behavior during the course of the disease.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Lindquist, Göran, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Organisk psykiatri. Teoretiska och kliniska aspekter : Organic Psychiatry. Theoretical and clinical aspects.
- 1990
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this book a theory about the nature of organic mental disorders (in the narrow sense) and a new diagnostic system for them are presented. The diagnostic concepts used are mainly rooted in the classical Central European psychiatric tradition but have been modified in the light of recently published research and the authors' own clinical experience from different parts of organic psychiatry.
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| 16. |
- Lindqvist, Göran, 1923, et al.
(författare)
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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Psychiatric Findings Before and After Shunt Operation Classified in a New Diagnostic System for Organic Psychiatry.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Suppl. - 0065-1591. ; 373, s. 18-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 23 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) underwent psychiatric examinations prior to and 80 days to 10 months after a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation. A global evaluation of the effect of the operation on the patients' mental symptoms indicated appreciable improvement in 10 cases and slight improvement in a further 4. 8 patients were assessed as unchanged, and one as mentally deteriorated. The psychiatric analyses was based on a new diagnostic system created by two of the authors (G.L., H.M.). The patients manifested varying, often complex psychiatric symptom constellations with symptomatological components from two or more organic mental disorders. Before the operation a mild or a moderately severe somnolence-sopor-coma disorder (SSCD) was diagnosed in 10 cases. After the operation all these patients became free from symptoms of SSCD. This was the most unequivocal change in connection with the operation, and the elimination of all symptoms of SSCD was the single factor which most effectively contributed to the total therapeutical result in these patients. All 23 cases were considered to have symptoms of a more or less severe astheno-emotional disorder (AED) preoperatively. The degree of severity of this disorder could not be determined with satisfactory certainty in some of the patients with complex symptoms. Amongst the 17 cases where the preoperative symptomatology allowed for a reasonably precise calculation of the degree of severity of AED, 6 were assessed as markedly improved after the operation and 10 as largely unchanged. In one patient, symptoms of the AED increased when the postoperative course was complicated by a subdural haematoma. Symptoms of an emotional-motivational blunting disorder (EMD) were diagnosed in 5 cases before the operation. After the operation 3 of these patients were symptom free in this respect while 2 were unchanged. Slight or moderately severe symptoms of Korsakoff's amnestic disorder (KAD) were before the operation found in 7 cases: at the postoperative examination 6 of these cases were improved, of which 4 were free from such symptoms; one was unchanged. According to our experience, confident prognoses concerning the effect of the shunt operation on symptoms of SSCD can be made preoperatively, while, for a particular patient, the therapeutic effect on AED, EMD and KAD is often difficult, or sometimes impossible, to foresee. This article contains three case reports which represent different forms and courses of the mental symptom patterns.
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| 17. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument
- 1997
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Ingår i: Carlsson, A.M. et al (red), Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Selected papers from the First Nordic Symposium on Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. Uppsala, Sweden, August 1995.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with mixed organic mental disorders after a neurosurgical procedure were tested repeatedly with the Roschach method according to the classical European school (Bohm). The results show that the Rorschach may be a valuable method for following the gradual worsening or improvement of organic mental conditions. Hermann Rorschach's original description of the test profile of patients with Korsakoff's amnestic syndrome was also supported by the data.
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| 18. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. A.M. Carlsson et al (ed), Swedish Rorschach Society, Stockholm.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with organic mental disorders, in all cases including Korsakoff’s amnestic disorder (KAD) and in four cases due to a complication after an aneurysm operation, were followed for up to two years. Each patient was assessed at least three times; the total number of assessment points was 26. The patients’ neuropsychiatric status was assessed clinically according to the diagnostic system of Lindqvist & Malmgren. The severity of the individual disorders and the global severity of the neuropsychiatric disturbance were estimated on each occasion. The patients were assessed using memory, concentration and general intelligence tests, and independently with Rorschach according to Bohm’s method. The scores on 38 selected Rorschach variables were compared with the clinical assessments and with the other test data. In accord with earlier studies we found that KAD has a Rorschach profile which differs significantly from the findings in patients where other organic mental disorders dominate the clinical picture. We also saw a previously not reported sign of KAD, namely, frequent contaminated whole responses. A comparison with the judgments of global severity also gave some support to the thesis that the Rorschach is a valid indicator of organic mental disorder in general. Altogether the study shows that the longitudinal design offers great possibilities for the analysis of Rorschach signs of organic mental disorders.
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| 19. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(författare)
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Asteno-emotionellt syndrom, kognitiv dysfunktion : Astheno-emotional syndrome and cognitive dysfunction after whiplash injuries
- 1999
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Ingår i: Konferens och utbildningsdag om whiplash-skador, Göteborg 19/10 1999.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Typiska manifestationer av lindriga till måttliga asteno-emotionella syndrom (AE-syndrom, AED): • Koncentrationssvårigheter (ssk. svårighet att upprätthålla koncentration över tid) • Psykisk uttröttbarhet • Sekundära minnestörningar (påverkan såväl på korttidsminnet som på lagring till och framtagning från långtidsminnet) • Emotionell labilitet • Irritabilitet • Överkänslighet för sensoriska stimuli Tänkbara orsaker till AED vid whiplash-trauma: • Vid uppenbar hjärnskada kan ett tydligt AED framträda relativt tidigt. • Ett lindrigt AED baserat på en centralnervös funktionsrubbning kan möjligen uppstå primärt, även om amnesi för episoden inte föreligger. Observera att ett lindrigt AE-syndrom i denna fas kan maskeras av andra, mer påtagliga symtom. • Ett patologiskt signalflöde från den skadade nackregionen (vare sig det når medvetandet eller ej) kan sannolikt innebära en överbelastning av högre centra i CNS, och därför ge ett lindrigt sekundärt AED utan primär dysfunktion i CNS. • Kroniska, upplevda symtom av skadan (smärta, yrsel etc) kan på längre sikt också ge en sådan överbelastning , vilket leder till ett lindrigt AED. Tänkbara följder av AED vid whiplash: AED kan i sig ge psykogena komplikationer, svåra eller omöjliga att skilja från reaktioner av typ PTSD och från sekundära reaktioner på övriga kroniska symtom av skadan. Vanliga psykogena komplikationer: • Ängslan och ångest • Spänning • Huvudvärk • Vegetativa symptom • Depressivitet Av dessa reaktioner är den sekundära depressionen vid utdragna besvär särskilt viktig att beakta, liksom givetvis möjligheten till många onda cirklar med övrig symtomatologi vid whiplashskador (AED --> ökad smärtreaktivitet --> värre AED). Förslag till revision av vårdprogram: • Anamnes beträffande AED bör alltid tas tidigt i förloppet • Neuropsykologisk utredning kan vara indicerad tidigt, även om tydliga kognitiva symtom inte spontant rapporterats • Patientinformationen bör tidigt innefatta en diskussion av symptom, prognos och lämpliga åtgärder vid lindriga astenoemotionella syndrom • Försiktighet med återgång till fullt arbete innan AED har uteslutits.
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| 20. |
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