3051.
3052.
3053.
König, Julia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
Alteration of the intestinal microbiota as a cause of and a potential therapeutic option in irritable bowel syndrome
2014
Ingår i: Beneficial Microbes. - : Wageningen Academic Publishers. - 1876-2883 .- 1876-2891. ; 5:3, s. 247-261
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
The intestinal microbiota forms a complex ecosystem that is in close contact with its host and has an important impact on health. An increasing number of disorders are associated with disturbances in this ecosystem. Also patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show an altered composition of their gut microbiota. IBS is a multifactorial chronic disorder characterised by various abdominal complaints and a worldwide prevalence of 10-20%. Even though its aetiology and pathophysiology are complex and not well understood, it is widely accepted that aberrations along the microbe-gut-brain axis are involved. In this review, it will be discussed how exogenous factors, e.g. antibiotics, can cause disbalance in the intestinal microbiota and thereby contribute to the development of IBS. In addition, several new IBS treatment options that aim at re-establishing a healthy, beneficial ecosystem will be described. These include antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transplantation.
3054.
La Rosa, Sabina Leanti, et al.
(författare)
Glycan processing in gut microbiomes
2022
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-5274 .- 1879-0364. ; 67
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
Microbiomes and their enzymes process many of the nutrients accessible in the gastrointestinal tract of bilaterians and play an essential role in host health and nutrition. In this review, we describe recent insights into nutrient processing in microbiomes across three exemplary yet contrasting gastrointestinal ecosystems (humans, ruminants and insects), with focus on bacterial mechanisms for the utilization of common and atypical dietary glycans as well as host-derived mucus glycans. In parallel, we discuss findings from multi-omic studies that have provided new perspectives on understanding glycan-dependent interactions and the complex food-webs of microbial populations in their natural habitat. Using key examples, we emphasize how increasing understanding of glycan processing by gut microbiomes can provide critical insights to assist ‘microbiome reprogramming’, a growing field that seeks to leverage diet to improve animal growth and host health.
3055.
Labbé, Lisa Sandelin, et al.
(författare)
Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis in Ticks from Migrating Birds in Sweden
2015
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis (CNM; family Anaplasmataceae) was recently recognized as a potential tick-borne human pathogen. The presence of CNM in mammals, in host-seeking Ixodes ticks and in ticks attached to mammals and birds has been reported recently. We investigated the presence of CNM in ornithophagous ticks from migrating birds. A total of 1,150 ticks (582 nymphs, 548 larvae, 18 undetermined ticks and two adult females) collected from 5,365 birds captured in south-eastern Sweden was screened for CNM by molecular methods. The birds represented 65 different species, of which 35 species were infested with one or more ticks. Based on a combination of morphological and molecular species identification, the majority of the ticks were identified as Ixodes ricinus. Samples were initially screened by real-time PCR targeting the CNM 16S rRNA gene, and confirmed by a second real-time PCR targeting the groEL gene. For positive samples, a 1260 base pair fragment of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Based upon bacterial gene sequence identification, 2.1% (24/1150) of the analysed samples were CNM-positive. Twenty-two out of 24 CNM-positive ticks were molecularly identified as I. ricinus nymphs, and the remaining two were identified as I. ricinus based on morphology. The overall CNM prevalence in I. ricinus nymphs was 4.2%. None of the 548 tested larvae was positive. CNM-positive ticks were collected from 10 different bird species. The highest CNM-prevalences were recorded in nymphs collected from common redpoll (Carduelis flammea, 3/7), thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia, 2/29) and dunnock (Prunella modularis, 1/17). The 16S rRNA sequences obtained in this study were all identical to each other and to three previously reported European strains, two of which were obtained from humans. It is concluded that ornithophagous ticks may be infected with CNM and that birds most likely can disperse CNM-infected ticks over large geographical areas.
3056.
3057.
Laestadius, Jasminka Goldoni, et al.
(författare)
Hot water for handwashing--where is the proof?
2005
Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752. ; 47:4, s. 434-5
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
A survey of the scientific literature found no evidence support for hot water to be more effective against respiratory viruses for hand-washing compared to warm water.
3058.
Lager, Malin, et al.
(författare)
Molecular detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato - An analytical comparison of real-time PCR protocols from five different Scandinavian laboratories
2017
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:9
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Introduction Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick transmitted disease in Europe. The diagnosis of LB today is based on the patient A s medical history, clinical presentation and laboratory findings. The laboratory diagnostics are mainly based on antibody detection, but in certain conditions molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may serve as a complement. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity and concordance of eight different real-time PCR methods at five laboratories in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Method Each participating laboratory was asked to analyse three different sets of samples (reference panels; all blinded) i) cDNA extracted and transcribed from water spiked with cultured Borrelia strains, ii) cerebrospinal fluid spiked with cultured Borrelia strains, and iii) DNA dilution series extracted from cultured Borrelia and relapsing fever strains. The results and the method descriptions of each laboratory were systematically evaluated. Results and conclusions The analytical sensitivities and the concordance between the eight protocols were in general high. The concordance was especially high between the protocols using 16S rRNA as the target gene, however, this concordance was mainly related to cDNA as the type of template. When comparing cDNA and DNA as the type of template the analytical sensitivity was in general higher for the protocols using DNA as template regardless of the use of target gene. The analytical specificity for all eight protocols was high. However, some protocols were not able to detect Borrelia spielmanii, Borrelia lusitaniae or Borrelia japonica.
3059.
3060.
Lagergård, Teresa, 1946, et al.
(författare)
Distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis ompA genovars and the new variant of C. trachomatis in the Göteborg area, Sweden.
2010
Ingår i: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-4373 .- 0934-9723. ; 29:5, s. 609-611
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the proportion of the new variant of Chlamydia trachomatis (nvCT) and the distribution of ompA genovars among C. trachomatis-positive patients in the Göteborg area, Sweden. Consecutive urine samples positive for C. trachomatis using BD ProbeTec ET (177 patients, 88 men and 89 women) were collected. An nvCT-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to investigate the nvCT prevalence. To identify the genovars, a 990-bp ompA DNA segment from 105 specimens was sequenced. Seventeen percent (30/177) of all specimens contained nvCT. Nine different genovars were identified. About 50% were of genovar E, followed by F 16%, G 11%, K 8%, and D 5%, representing about 90% of the specimens in Göteborg. The occurrence of nvCT and the dominance of genovar E in Göteborg is similar to those in other areas of Sweden. To cover about 90% of the C. trachomatis infections in Sweden, the serovars D, E, F, G, and K should be included in future vaccines based on the major outer membrane protein.
