| 197801. |
- Madhusoodanan, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Decadal variability of the Arctic Ocean thermal structure
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ocean Dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1616-7341 .- 1616-7228. ; 61:7, s. 873-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term variability of heat content (HC) in the upper 1,000 m of the Arctic Ocean is investigated using surface and subsurface temperature and current data during 1958-2005 compiled by Simple Ocean Data Assimilation. Annual cycle of the Arctic Ocean HC is controlled primarily by the negative and positive excursions in net upper ocean heat flux, while the inter-annual variability is mainly associated with meridional thermal advection from the North Atlantic Ocean. Variability in HC is experienced as a basin-wide cooling/warming in association with the Arctic Oscillation on a decadal time scale. In the first three dominant modes of Empirical Orthogonal Function, the maximum amplitude of HC variability occurs in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea and Eurasian Basin. In general, HC showed increasing trend during 1958-2005 indicating continuous warming with regional variations in magnitude.
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| 197802. |
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| 197803. |
- Madhusudhanan, Sheema, et al.
(författare)
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PRIMϵ: Novel Privacy-preservation Model with Pattern Mining and Genetic Algorithm
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1556-6013 .- 1556-6021. ; 19, s. 571-585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a novel agglomerated privacy-preservation model integrated with data mining and evolutionary Genetic Algorithm (GA). Privacy-pReservIng with Minimum Epsilon (PRIMϵ) delivers minimum privacy budget (ϵ) value to protect personal or sensitive data during data mining and publication. In this work, the proposed Pattern identification in the Locale of Users with Mining (PLUM) algorithm, identifies frequent patterns from dataset containing users’ sensitive data. ϵ-allocation by Differential Privacy (DP) is achieved in PRIMϵ with GA PRIMϵ , yielding a quantitative measure of privacy loss (ϵ) ranging from 0.0001 to 0.045. The proposed model maintains the trade-off between privacy and data utility with an average relative error of 0.109 on numerical data and an Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) metric in the range between [0.2,1.3] on textual data. PRIMϵ model is verified with Probabilistic Computational Tree Logic (PCTL) and proved to accept DP data only when ϵ ≤ 0.5. The work demonstrated resilience of model against background knowledge, membership inference, reconstruction, and privacy budget attack. PRIMϵ is compared with existing techniques on DP and is found to be linearly scalable with worst time complexity of O(n log n) .
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| 197804. |
- Madhvani, Roshni V., et al.
(författare)
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Shaping a New Ca2+ Conductance to Suppress Early Afterdepolarizations in Cardiac Myocytes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3751 .- 1469-7793. ; 589:24, s. 6081-6092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non‐technical summary Diseases, genetic defects, or ionic imbalances can alter the normal electrical activity of cardiac myocytes causing an anomalous heart rhythm, which can degenerate to ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death. Well‐recognized triggers for VF are aberrations of the cardiac action potential, known as early afterdepolarizations (EADs). In this study, combining mathematical modelling and experimental electrophysiology in real‐time (dynamic clamp), we investigated the dependence of EADs on the biophysical properties of the L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) and identified modifications of ICa,L properties which effectively suppress EAD. We found that minimal changes in the voltage dependence of activation or inactivation of ICa,L can dramatically reduce the occurrence of EADs in cardiac myocytes exposed to different EAD‐inducing conditions. This work assigns a critical role to the L‐type Ca2+ channel biophysical properties for EADs formation and identifies the L‐type Ca2+ channel as a promising therapeutic target to suppress EADs and their arrhythmogenic effects.
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| 197805. |
- Madhvani, Roshni V., et al.
(författare)
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Targeting the Late Component of the Cardiac L-type Ca2+ Current to Suppress Early Afterdepolarizations
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of General Physiology. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1295 .- 1540-7748. ; 145:5, s. 395-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) associated with prolongation of the cardiac action potential (AP) can create heterogeneity of repolarization and premature extrasystoles, triggering focal and reentrant arrhythmias. Because the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) plays a key role in both AP prolongation and EAD formation, L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) represent a promising therapeutic target to normalize AP duration (APD) and suppress EADs and their arrhythmogenic consequences. We used the dynamic-clamp technique to systematically explore how the biophysical properties of LTCCs could be modified to normalize APD and suppress EADs without impairing excitation–contraction coupling. Isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes were first exposed to H2O2 or moderate hypokalemia to induce EADs, after which their endogenous ICa,L was replaced by a virtual ICa,L with tunable parameters, in dynamic-clamp mode. We probed the sensitivity of EADs to changes in the (a) amplitude of the noninactivating pedestal current; (b) slope of voltage-dependent activation; (c) slope of voltage-dependent inactivation; (d) time constant of voltage-dependent activation; and (e) time constant of voltage-dependent inactivation. We found that reducing the amplitude of the noninactivating pedestal component of ICa,L effectively suppressed both H2O2- and hypokalemia-induced EADs and restored APD. These results, together with our previous work, demonstrate the potential of this hybrid experimental–computational approach to guide drug discovery or gene therapy strategies by identifying and targeting selective properties of LTCC.
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| 197806. |
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| 197807. |
- Madin, Joshua S., et al.
(författare)
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A synthesis of bacterial and archaeal phenotypic trait data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific data. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2052-4463. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A synthesis of phenotypic and quantitative genomic traits is provided for bacteria and archaea, in the form of a scripted, reproducible workflow that standardizes and merges 26 sources. The resulting unified dataset covers 14 phenotypic traits, 5 quantitative genomic traits, and 4 environmental characteristics for approximately 170,000 strain-level and 15,000 species-aggregated records. It spans all habitats including soils, marine and fresh waters and sediments, host-associated and thermal. Trait data can find use in clarifying major dimensions of ecological strategy variation across species. They can also be used in conjunction with species and abundance sampling to characterize trait mixtures in communities and responses of traits along environmental gradients.
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| 197808. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Consistency in listeners’ ratings as a function of listening time
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Stockholm music acoustics conference. - Stockholm : Royal College of Technology. ; , s. 639-642
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the consistency and similarity of adjective ratings of 10 music examples (ME) across 7 different example durations. Although the effect of ME was generally statistically significant for all 14 adjectives and all durations from 0.5 to 16s, the agreement between the relative ratings of MEs was poor for some adjectives. Consistency, in terms of F ratios, did not increase with duration, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that more information entails better judgements. We discuss possible explanations for these results, and conclude that further examination of the validity of adjective ratings is warranted.
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| 197809. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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Human female exogamy is supported by cross-species comparisons : Cause to recognise sex differences in societal policy?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 32:5, s. 400-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sex difference in the tendency to outbreed (female exogamy) is a premise for the target article's proposed framework, which receives some support by being shared with chimpanzees but not with more distantly related primates. Further empirical support is provided, and it is suggested that recognition of sex differences might improve effective fairness, taking sexual assault as a case in point.
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| 197810. |
- Madison, Guy, 1961-
(författare)
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Presumption and prejudice : quotas may solve some problems, but create many more
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mankind Quarterly. - Washington : Council for Social and Economic Studies. - 0025-2344. ; 58:1, s. 117-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some Western countries contemplate, or have already implemented, legislative means to counter group differences. Here, I consider the arguments for, and consequences of, sex quotas. I find that it is logically incoherent to impose selection based on group membership, such as quotas, unless one acknowledges that there is a group difference in some trait that affects the outcome in the domain in which the selection takes place. If such a group difference is acknowledged, however, a quota might decrease the proportion of individuals who are more likely to have undesirable traits that are difficult to measure. However, the fact that traits are normally distributed and overlap across groups means that it is more effective to select for desirable traits than for group membership. Also, quotas inevitably entail negative consequences that should be weighed in. From the perspective of the individual, it is fairer to be selected on the basis of traits one actually has, rather than a stereotype of the group one belongs to. From the perspective of society as a whole, focussing on group differences and selecting based on group membership is divisive and conflict-driving, and stirs hostility based on competition over resources and social status. These arguments and conclusions are applicable to other groups and group differences in general.
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