| 284481. |
- Skeppstedt, Maria, Dr. 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Using the Word Rain Technique to Visualize Longitudinal Changes in Periodicals from the Swedish Diabetes Association
- 2024
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Ingår i: Vis4NLP 2024 - Workshop on Visualization for Natural Language Processing. - 9783038682592
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Word Rain visualization technique is a development of the classic word cloud that aims to retain the simplicity of the word cloud, while at the same time making it possible to use the text visualization for exploring and comparing corpora. We here showcase how the Word Rain technique can be used for visualizing longitudinal changes by displaying the most prominent words for each (user-defined) time period in the corpus. “Most prominent” for a time period can, however, have different meanings depending on how the word rain is configured. We here list a number of possible configuration types, and we also provide examples of word rains generated using some of these configurations. We showcase the configuration settings on a corpus of periodicals from the Swedish Diabetes Association.
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| 284482. |
- Skeppstedt, Maria, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Vaccine Hesitancy in Discussion Forums : Computer-Assisted Argument Mining with Topic Models
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building Continents of Knowledge in Oceans of Data. - : IOS Press. - 9781614998518 - 9781614998525 ; , s. 366-370
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arguments used when vaccination is debated on Internet discussion forums might give us valuable insights into reasons behind vaccine hesitancy. In this study, we applied automatic topic modelling on a collection of 943 discussion posts in which vaccine was debated, and six distinct discussion topics were detected by the algorithm. When manually coding the posts ranked as most typical for these six topics, a set of semantically coherent arguments were identified for each extracted topic. This indicates that topic modelling is a useful method for automatically identifying vaccine-related discussion topics and for identifying debate posts where these topics are discussed. This functionality could facilitate manual coding of salient arguments, and thereby form an important component in a system for computer-assisted coding of vaccine-related discussions.
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| 284483. |
- Skeppstedt, Maria, Dr. 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualising and Evaluating the Effects of Combining Active Learning with Word Embedding Features
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS 2019). - : German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology (GSCL). ; , s. 91-100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A tool that enables the use of active learning, as well as the incorporation of word embeddings, was evaluated for its ability to decrease the training data set size required for a named entity recognition model. Uncertainty-based active learning and the use of word embeddings led to very large performance improvements on small data sets for the entity categories PERSON and LOCATION. In contrast, the embedding features used were shown to be unsuitable for detecting entities belonging to the ORGANISATION category. The tool was also extended with functionality for visualising the usefulness of the active learning process and of the word embeddings used. The visualisations provided were able to indicate the performance differences between the entities, as well as differences with regards to usefulness of the embedding features.
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| 284484. |
- Skeppstedt, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Vocabulary Expansion by Semantic Extraction of Medical Terms
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposiumon Languages in Biology and Medicine. - 9784990780203 ; , s. 63-68
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic methods for vocabulary expansion are valuable in supporting the development of terminological resources. Here, we evaluate two methods based on distributional semantics for extracting terms that belong to a certain semantic category. In a list of 1000 terms extracted from a corpus of Swedish medical text, the best method obtains a recall of 0.53 and 0.88, respectively, for identifying 90 terms that are known to belong to the semantic categories Medical Finding and Pharmaceutical Drug.
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| 284485. |
- Skepö, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Coarse-grained modeling of proline rich protein 1 (PRP-1) in bulk solution and adsorbed to a negatively charged surface
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5207 .- 1520-6106. ; 110:24, s. 12141-12148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural properties of the acidic proline rich protein PRP-1 of salivary origin in bulk solution and adsorbed onto a negatively charged surface have been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. A simple model system with focus on electrostatic interactions and short-ranged attractions among the uncharged amino acids has been used. In addition to PRP-1, some mutants were considered to assess the role of the interactions in the systems. Contrary to polyelectrolytes, the protein has a compact structure in salt-free bulk solutions, whereas at high salt concentration the protein becomes more extended. The protein adsorbs to a negatively charged surface, although its net charge is negative. The adsorbed protein displays an extended structure, which becomes more compact upon addition of salt. Hence, the conformational response upon salt addition in the adsorbed state is the opposite as compared to that in bulk solution. The conformational behavior of PRP-1 in bulk solution and at charged surfaces as well as its propensity to adsorb to surfaces with the same net charge are rationalized by the block polyampholytic character of the protein. The presence of a triad of positively charged amino acids in the C-terminal was found to be important for the adsorption of the protein.
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| 284486. |
- Skepö, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Complexation, phase separation, and redissolution in polyelectrolyte-macroion solutions
- 2003
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0024-9297 .- 1520-5835. ; 36:2, s. 508-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complexation, phase separation, and redissolution of polyelectrolyte-macroion solutions have been studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. A simple model system with focus on the electrostatic interactions has been used to examine the properties of the macroion solutions at different amounts of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. As oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are added, the stable macroion solution with repelling macroions becomes successively less stable. The strong electrostatic attraction brings macroions and polyelectrolytes closely together, and slightly before macromolecular charge equivalence, distinct and repelling complexes formed by macroions and polyelectrolytes are established. At macromolecular charge equivalence, the system becomes unstable, and a large and loose cluster of macro ons and polyelectrolytes is formed. Finally, in excess of polyelectrolytes, the large cluster is broken up and the macroions are dispersed again-a redissolution has occurred. The effect of the macroion radius, the chain length, and the chain flexibility on the phase separation is also investigated. A semiflexible chain displayed a smaller tendency to promote phase instability as compared to flexible and stiff chains, the origin most likely arising from the similar chain persistence length and macroion radius.
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| 284487. |
- Skepö, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolution of a polyelectrolyte-macroion complex by addition of salt
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 1063-651X. ; 66:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissolution of complexes formed by a linear polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged macroions by addition of salt has been examined by employing a simple model with focus on the electrostatic interactions and solved by Monte Carlo simulations. In the absence of salt an overcharged complex appears. Upon addition of salt, the number of complexed macroions is continuously decreasing, the effect being similar for flexible and stiff polyelectrolytes. Regarding the flexible polyelectrolyte, the number of polyelectrolyte-macroion contacts is reduced, whereas it remains nearly constant for the stiff polyelectrolyte as the salt content is increased. A screened Coulomb potential of the Debye-Huckel type, in which the small ions are only indirectly described, displays a good representation of the system.
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| 284488. |
- Skepö, Marie
(författare)
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Structure and Phase Stability of Polyelectrolyte-Macroion Solutions
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polyelectrolytes are polymers bearing ionisable groups, which, in polar solvents, can dissociate into charged polymer chains (polyelectrolytes) and small counterions. In aqueous solutions, polyelectrolytes interact strongly with other macroions and in particular they tend to associate with objects of opposite charge and form complexes. Nearly all industrial and biological process involves solutions of charged macromolecules, i.e., paint, detergents, drug delivery, and cosmetics, but also many diseases are associated with malfunctions at the colloidal level. The complexation between one linear flexible polyelectrolyte and one or several oppositely charged macroions was examined by employing a simple model system with focus on the electrostatic interactions. The composition and the structure of the complex as well as conformational data of the polyelectrolyte were obtained by using Monte Carlo simulations. The binding isotherms obtained are Langmuir-like, and in excess of macroions the polyelectrolyte-macroion complex displays a charge reversal. These properties were investigated at different linear charge densities, different lengths, and flexibilities of the polyelectrolyte, and different macroion charges, all at different numbers of macroions at constant volume. The effect of adding simple 1:1 salt has also been investigated. The complexation, phase separation, and redissolution of concentrated polyelectrolyte-macroion solutions have also been examined. As oppositely charged polyelectrolytes were added, the stable macroion solution with repelling macroions became successively less stable. The strong electrostatic attraction brought macroions and polyelectrolytes closely together and slightly before macromolecular charge equivalence, distinct and repelling complexes were established. At macromolecular charge equivalence, the system became unstable and a large and loose cluster of macroions and polyelectrolytes was formed. Finally, in excess of polyelectrolytes, the large cluster was broken up and the macroions were dispersed again – a redissolution had occurred. The effect of the macroion radius, the chain length, and the chain flexibility on the phase separation has also been investigated. A semiflexible chain displayed a smaller tendency to promote phase instability as compared to flexible and stiff chains, the origin most likely arising from the similar chain persistence length and macroion radius.
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| 284489. |
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| 284490. |
- Skerfving, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Bly, kadmium och kvicksilver i blod hos skånska barn 2009-2011 - med jämförelser bakåt till 1978
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metallhalter har analyserats i blodprover som tagits 2009 och 2011 från 124 respektive 93 barn (7-8 år) från Landskrona. Halten (geometriska medelvärden) av bly var 2009 13,2 och 2011 11,1 (max 59) μg/L, kadmium 2009 0,10 och 2011 0,10 (max 0,34) μg/L och kvicksilver 2009 0,51 och 2011 0,57 (max 8,2) μg/L.Vi har en helt unik tidsserie av metallhalter i blod hos barn i Landskrona (och Trelleborg). Blyhalten har sjunkit ca sex gånger sedan 1978 och kvicksilver ca två gånger sedan 1990, medan kadmium är väsentligen oförändrat sedan 1986.Jämfört med andra delar av Europa är halten av bly är ungefär lika hög, men på en nivå som kan ge effekter på kognitiva funktioner. Halten av kadmium är låg i jämförelse, men ändå på en nivå som kan tänkas leda till toxiska effekter på lång sikt. Kvicksilverhalten är jämförelsevis hög, men inte på en nivå som kan förväntas ge toxiska effekter.Fortsatt uppföljning av metallhalterna hos barn i Landskrona rekommenderas.
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