| 43251. |
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| 43252. |
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Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvecklingen de senaste 200 åren har gått från nedgrävda latriner via underjordiska kloaker som släpptes ut i närmaste sjö eller kustvatten till avancerade avloppsreningsverk. Avloppsfrågan har förändrats från att vara lösningen på ett lokalt sanitärt problem till att bli en global miljöfråga.Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige ges ut av naturvårdsverket och beskriver hur reningen av avloppsvatten från tätorter utvecklats i Sverige under 1900- och 2000-talen. Skriften ges ut vartannat år och har uppdaterats med senaste statistiken från 2012 angående utsläpp och slam från reningsverk.Informationen presenteras enligt artikel16 i avloppsdirektivet (91/271/EEG). avloppsdirektivet omfattar allt avloppsvattensom samlas upp i ledningsnät,men kvantitativa krav ställs bara för de reningsverk som betjänar mer är 2 000 personer. I Sverige motsvarar det drygt 400 anläggningar. De gamla medlemsländerna i EU (EU15) skulle ha uppfyllt alla åtgärder inom ramen för direktivet vid utgången av 2005. De 12 nya EU-länderna har olika övergångsregler.
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| 43253. |
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Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige 2016
- 2018
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvecklingen de senaste 200 åren har gått från nedgrävda latriner via underjordiska kloaker som släpptes ut i närmaste sjö eller kustvatten till avancerade avloppsreningsverk. Avloppsfrågan har förändrats från att vara lösningen på ett lokalt sanitärt problem till att bli en global miljöfråga.Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige ges ut av Naturvårdsverket och beskriver hur reningen av avloppsvatten från tätbebyggelse utvecklats i Sverige under 1900- och 2000-talen. Skriften ges ut vartannat år och har uppdaterats med senaste statistiken från 2016 angående utsläpp och slam från reningsverk.Informationen presenteras enligt artikel 16 i avloppsdirektivet (91/271/EEG). Direktivet omfattar allt avloppsvatten som samlas upp i ledningsnät, men kvantitativa krav ställs bara för de avloppsreningsverk som betjänar mer än 2 000 personer, eller har en belastning på 2 000 personekvivalenter eller mer. I Sverige motsvarar det drygt 400 anläggningar.
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| 43254. |
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Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige 2018 : AVLOPPSVATTEN
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Utvecklingen de senaste 200 åren har gått från nedgrävda latriner via underjordiska kloaker som släpptes ut i närmaste sjö eller kustvatten till avancerade avloppsreningsverk. Avloppsfrågan har förändrats från att vara lösningen på ett lokalt sanitärt problem till att bli en global miljöfråga. Rening av avloppsvatten i Sverige ges ut av Naturvårdsverket och beskriver hur reningen av avloppsvatten från tätbebyggelse utvecklats i Sverige under 1900- och 2000-talen. Broschyren ges ut vartannat år och har uppdaterats medsenaste statistiken från 2016 angående utsläpp och slam från avloppsreningsverk.Informationen presenteras enligt artikel 16 i avloppsdirektivet (91/271/EEG). Direktivet omfattar allt avloppsvatten som samlas upp i ledningsnät, men kvantitativa krav ställs bara för de avloppsreningsverk som tar emot avloppsvatten från tätbebyggelse med 2 000 personekvivalenter eller mer. I Sverige motsvarar det drygt 400 anläggningar.
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| 43255. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(author)
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New trends in waste management for optimising landfill leachate treatment - A case study
- 2005
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In: 6Th International Conference Environmental Engineering, Vols 1 and 2. - 9986058503 ; , s. 425-428
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most landfills today encounter considerable problems when treating leachate due to the mixture of waste deposited there in the past. In order to prevent complex leachate being emitted, it is necessary to identify onsite sources of pollution and impose source separation of waste material. Parallel to source separation of household waste and other comparable wastes, a comprehensive study has been undertaken to examine various materials that can be used for recycling purposes. Such materials consist of ashes from incineration plants, foundries, contaminated soils, sewage sludge etc. These have been tested both in laboratory and in full scale studies at the Tveta plant to define which material can be re-used, for instance, to cover abandoned parts of the landfill. After landfills are closed, the amount of leachate will be reduced by a factor of 10 or more. Today, the Tveta Recycling Plant in Sodertalje, Sweden, produces approximately of 70 000 m(3) of leachate per year. A program has been initiated to separate different types of water, which are today all defined as leachate, at their source. For example, storm water from car parks or other hard surfaces used for sorting of building material at the plant should be separated and treated elsewhere.
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| 43256. |
- Renman, Gunno, et al.
(author)
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Reaktiva sorbent för fastläggning av fosfor i Östersjöns bottnar
- 2013
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The release of phosphorus (P) from sediments is of concern for the eutrophication process of the Baltic Sea. In this investigation a number of reactive and alkaline sorbents were tested for their P removal efficiencies in the environment of anaerobic sediments. Batch, pot and column experiments were performed and simulated real bottom conditions. The calcium silicate material Polonite®, a commercial product for P-traps in wastewater treatment, performed best particularly as used for thin-layer placement. The by-product AOD slag also showed promising sorption capacity. The presence of P in the materials after four months use at sediment surfaces was documented by means of ESEM-EDS and the analysis with XANES revealed that for Polonite, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and apatite had formed when saturated with pore water from anaerobic sediments. This study shows promising results for reactive materials to be used as binding agents for the sequestration of P from sediment. Further work will be performed to develop the technology with submerged thin-layer placement for full-scale application.
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| 43257. |
- Rennermalm, Asa K., et al.
(author)
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Spatial and Scale-Dependent Controls on North American Pan-Arctic Minimum River Discharge
- 2012
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In: Geographical Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0016-7363 .- 1538-4632. ; 44:3, s. 202-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Spatial patterns of minimum monthly river discharge in the North American Pan-Arctic and its potential controls are explored with geographically weighted regression (GWR). Minimum discharge is indicative of soil water conditions; therefore, understanding spatial variability of its controls may provide insights into patterns of hydrologic change. Here, GWR models are applied to determine a suitable combination of independent variables selected from a set of eight variables. A model specification with annual mean river discharge, temperature at time of minimum discharge, and biome describes well the spatial patterns in minimum discharge. However, minimum discharge in larger watersheds is influenced more by temperature and biome distributions than it is in small basins, suggesting that scale is critical for understanding minimum river discharge. This study is the first to apply GWR to explore spatial variation in Pan-Arctic hydrology.
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| 43258. |
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| 43259. |
- Renoult, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Causes of the weak emergent constraint on climate sensitivity at the Last Glacial Maximum
- 2023
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In: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 19:2, s. 323-356
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The use of paleoclimates to constrain the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has seen a growing interest. In particular, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the mid-Pliocene warm period have been used in emergent-constraint approaches using simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Despite lower uncertainties regarding geological proxy data for the LGM in comparison with the Pliocene, the robustness of the emergent constraint between LGM temperature and ECS is weaker at both global and regional scales. Here, we investigate the climate of the LGM in models through different PMIP generations and how various factors in the atmosphere, ocean, land surface and cryosphere contribute to the spread of the model ensemble. Certain factors have a large impact on an emergent constraint, such as state dependency in climate feedbacks or model dependency on ice sheet forcing. Other factors, such as models being out of energetic balance and sea surface temperature not responding below −1.8 ∘C in polar regions, have a limited influence. We quantify some of the contributions and find that they mostly have extratropical origins. Contrary to what has previously been suggested, from a statistical point of view, the PMIP model generations do not differ substantially. Moreover, we show that the lack of high- or low-ECS models in the ensembles critically limits the strength and reliability of the emergent constraints. Single-model ensembles may be promising tools for the future of LGM emergent constraint, as they permit a large range of ECS and reduce the noise from inter-model structural issues. Finally, we provide recommendations for a paleo-based emergent constraint and notably which paleoclimate is ideal for such an approach.
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| 43260. |
- Renoult, Martin, et al.
(author)
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High-biased climate sensitivity estimates from mid-Pliocene Warm Period temperatures
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The warm Pliocene epoch is used to estimate Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), which is the long-term temperature change after a sustained doubling of atmospheric CO2 over pre-industrial levels.Using an emergent constraint on the relationship between mid-Pliocene Warm Period simulated temperatures and ECS, we estimate ECS to be 4.8 K, which is higher than previous studies on the Pliocene. This is partly due to using warmer SST reconstruction than before; a consequence of focusing modelling efforts on the mid-Pliocene warm period. Using the temperatures of a broader period within the Pliocene, we quantify ECS to be 3.1 K. Further uncertainties on proxy data and data-model disagreements are expected to affect ECS estimates. We find that CO2 uncertainties are the main driver of variations in ECS estimates, followed by biases from seasonal temperatures. The bias from polar amplification is apparently small, but could be an overlooked source of error. We conclude that the Pliocene-based emergent constraint is nonetheless robust and is likely to improve further as geological reconstructions improve.
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