| 1561. |
- Mauerberger, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous azimuthal variations with 360 degrees periodicity of Rayleigh phase velocities observed in Scandinavia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geophysical Journal International. - : Oxford University Press. - 0956-540X .- 1365-246X. ; 224:3, s. 1684-1704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use the recently deployed ScanArray network of broad-band stations covering most of Norway and Sweden as well as parts of Finland to analyse the propagation of Rayleigh waves in Scandinavia. Applying an array beam forming technique to teleseismic records from ScanArray and permanent stations in the study region, in total 159 stations with a typical station distance of about 70 km, we obtain phase velocities for three subregions, which collectively cover most of Scandinavia (excluding southern Norway). The average phase dispersion curves are similar for all three subregions. They resemble the dispersion previously observed for the South Baltic craton and are about 1 per cent slower than the North Baltic shield phase velocities for periods between 40 and 80 s. However, a remarkable sin(1 theta) phase velocity variation with azimuth is observed for periods >35 s with a 5 per cent deviation between the maximum and minimum velocities, more than the overall lateral variation in average velocity. Such a variation, which is incompatible with seismic anisotropy, occurs in northern Scandinavia and southern Norway/Sweden but not in the central study area. The maximum and minimum velocities were measured for backazirnuths of 120 degrees and 300 degrees, respectively. These directions are perpendicular to a step in the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) inferred by previous studies in southern Norway/Sweden, suggesting a relation to large lithospheric heterogeneity. In order to test this hypothesis, we carried out 2-D full-waveform modeling of Rayleigh wave propagation in synthetic models which incorporate a steep gradient in the LAB in combination with a pronounced reduction in the shear velocity below the LAB. This setup reproduces the observations qualitatively, and results in higher phase velocities for propagation in the direction of shallowing LAB, and lower ones for propagation in the direction of deepening LAB, probably due to the interference of forward scattered and reflected surface wave energy with the fundamental mode. Therefore, the reduction in lithospheric thickness towards southern Norway in the south, and towards the Atlantic ocean in the north provide a plausible explanation for the observed azimuthal variations.
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| 1562. |
- Maxted, P. F. L., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamental effective temperature measurements for eclipsing binary stars - III. SPIRou near-infrared spectroscopy and CHEOPS photometry of the benchmark G0V star EBLM J0113+31
- 2022
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 513:4, s. 6042-6057
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EBLM J0113+31 is a moderately bright (V = 10.1), metal-poor ([Fe/H] approximate to-0.3) GOV star with a much fainter M dwarf companion on a wide, eccentric orbit (= 14.3 d). We have used near-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the SPIRou spectrograph to measure the semi-amplitude of the M dwarf's spectroscopic orbit, and high-precision photometry of the eclipse and transit from the CHEOPS and TESS space missions to measure the geometry of this binary system. From the combined analysis of these data together with previously published observations, we obtain the following model-independent masses and radii: M-1 = 1.029 +/- 0.025 M-circle dot, M-2 = 0.197 +/- 0.003 M-circle dot, R-1 = 1.417 +/- 0.014 R-circle dot, R-2 = 0.215 +/- 0.002 R-circle dot. Using R-1 and the parallax from Gaia EDR3 we find that this star's angular diameter is theta = 0.0745 +/- 0.0007 mas. The apparent bolometric flux of the GOV star corrected for both extinction and the contribution from the M dwarf (<0.2 per cent) is F-circle plus,F-0 = (2.62 +/- 0.05) x 10(-9) erg cm(-2) S-1. Hence, this G0V star has an effective temperature T-eff(,1) = 6124 K +/- 40 K (rnd.) +/- 10 K (sys.). EBLM J0113+31 is an ideal benchmark star that can be used for 'end-to-end' tests of the stellar parameters measured by large-scale spectroscopic surveys, or stellar parameters derived from asteroseismology with PLATO. The techniques developed here can be applied to many other eclipsing binaries in order to create a network of such benchmark stars.
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| 1563. |
- McBeck, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Onset of Strain Localization Within Anisotropic Shale Using Digital Volume Correlation of Time-Resolved X-Ray Microtomography Images
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. - 2169-9313. ; 123:9, s. 7509-7528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital volume correlation analysis of time-resolved X-ray microtomography scans acquired during in situ triaxial compression of Green River shale cores provided time series of 3-D incremental strain fields that elucidated evolving deformation processes by quantifying microscopic strain localization. With these data, we investigated the impact of mechanical anisotropy on microscopic strain localization culminating in macroscopic shear failure. We conducted triaxial compression experiments with the maximum compressive stress, σ1, aligned perpendicular and parallel to lamination planes in order to investigate end-member stress states that arise within sedimentary basins. When the preexisting laminations were perpendicular to σ1, a lamination-parallel region with high axial compaction developed within the macroscopically linear deformation phase of the experiment and then thickened with increasing applied differential stress. Scanning electron microscopy images indicate that this axial compaction occurred within a lower density lamination and that more axial compaction occurred within the center of the core than near its sides. Boundary element method simulations suggest that this compacting volume promoted shear fracture development within the upper portion of the shale. When the laminations were parallel to σ1, lamination-parallel dilation bands formed, thickened, and intensified in dilation. Population densities of the distributions of incremental shear strain, radial dilation, and axial contraction calculated by digital volume correlation analysis enabled quantification of the evolving overall impact of, and interplay between, these various deformation modes.
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| 1564. |
- Meert, Joseph G., et al.
(författare)
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The magnificent seven : A proposal for modest revision of the Van der Voo (1990) quality index
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tectonophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1951 .- 1879-3266. ; 790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thirty years ago, Rob Van der Voo proposed an elegant and simple system for evaluating the quality of paleomagnetic data. As a second-year Ph.D. student, the lead author remembers Rob waxing philosophical about the need to have an appropriate, but not overly rigid evaluation system. The end result was a 7-point system that assigned a (1) or (0) for any paleomagnetic result based on objective criteria. The goal was never to reject or blindly accept any particular result, but merely to indicate the degree of quality for any paleomagnetic pole. At the time, the global paleomagnetic database was burgeoning and it was deemed useful to rank older paleomagnetic results with the newer data being developed in modern laboratories. Van der Voo's, 1990 paper launched a silent revolution in paleomagnetism. Researchers began to evaluate their data against those seven criteria with the anticipation that reviewers would be similarly critical.Today, paleomagnetism is a mature science. Our methods, analyses, and results are more sophisticated than they were 30 years ago. Therefore, we feel it is appropriate to revisit the Van der Voo (1990) criteria in light of those developments. We hope to honor the intention of the original paper by keeping the criteria simple and easy to evaluate while also acknowledging the advances in science. This paper aims to update the criteria and modernize the process. We base our changes on advances in paleomagnetism and geochronology with a faithful adherence to the simplicity of the original publication. We offer the “Reliability” or “R” index as the next generation of the Van der Voo “Quality” or “Q” index. The new R-criteria evaluate seven different information items for each paleomagnetic pole including age, statistical requirements, identification of magnetic carriers, field tests, structural integrity, presence of reversals and an evaluation for possible remagnetization.
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| 1565. |
- Meghraoui, Mustapha, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation. - : Springer Nature. - 9783030730253
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 1566. |
- Mehta, Suman, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of resolution and sensitivity of boat-towed RMT dataover Lake Mälaren, Stockholm
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Ingår i: Interpretation. - 0020-9635 .- 2169-4494.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the resolution and sensitivity of water-borne boat-towed multi-frequencyradio magnetotelluric (RMT) data for delineating weak zones in crystalline environmentunder a lake or a river. 2D modeling of RMT data in joint transverse electric (TE) andtransverse magnetic (TM) and determinant mode of 40 profiles over two water passages fromLake Mälaren near the city of Stockholm was used for this purpose. The 2D modeling revealsthat the estimated models have responses that fit the observed data reasonably well. Themodels show an overall agreement when compared with existing marine seismic results,bathymetry data and other available geological knowledge from the site. A low-resistivityzone observed in the middle of all profiles is suggested to be from a fracture/fault zonestriking in the direction of the water passages. Because RMT is an inductive-based method,the presence of conductive lake sediments shields scanning the underlying fractured bedrock.To reliably interpret the RMT data, synthetic modeling using a three-layered generic modelwith a conductive layer of varying thickness sandwiched between resistive water andfractured crystalline bedrock was performed. The modeling results suggest that lowerfrequency signal is required to have greater depth of penetration that would better resolve thebedrock and fracture zone although some evidence of fractured bedrock can still be inferredfrom the data. The study also shows the advantage of having a water layer that acts as a nearhomogeneous medium that eliminates near surface static shift effects. We propose that theboat-towed RMT acquisition system should be upgraded to enable controlled-source acquisition to improve the depth penetration and to overcome the shortcomings of usingradio-frequencies as signal.
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| 1567. |
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| 1568. |
- Mehta, Suman, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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CSRMT Survey on Frozen Lake - A New Technique with an Example from the Stockholm Bypass Tunnel
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 7% of the Scandinavian landmass is covered with fresh-water bodies in the form of lakes and rivers. This poses a unique challenge to carry out electromagnetic survey on shallow-water bodies for various purposes for example geotechnical investigations. Recently boat-towed RMT (radio-magnetotelluric) technique was introduced and used for measurements over the Lake Mälaren in Stockholm, Sweden. The RMT covers a wide range of frequencies (10-250 kHz) and provides good resolution for shallow subsurface studies although it lacks resolution at greater depths. Using controlled-source frequencies in the range of 1-10 kHz sufficient penetration depths can be achieved for most of the near surface targets. In this study, we present the results from the combined use of controlled-source and RMT (CSRMT) data that were obtained over frozen Lake Mälaren. The objective of this study was to map bedrock surface and fractures in the middle of the profile where using only RMT data these were not adequate. We demonstrate a new technique where CSRMT surveys were carried out over frozen-shallow-water bodies and we expect the idea to be used in the near future for other applications where moderately-resistive water bodies are present.
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| 1569. |
- Mehta, Suman, 1988-
(författare)
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Development of RMT techniques for urban infrastructure planning : Stockholm Bypass (Förbifart) case study
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The tensor radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) method has extensively been used in near-surface investigations to obtain resistivity models of the subsurface. The main objective of this thesis is to further develop the RMT survey technique for a less paid attention and challenging environment namely on shallow water bodies and in the urban environment. The other objective is to develop a new processing technique to enhance the resolution and sensitivity of the tensor RMT method. For the first time a data acquisition system called ‘boat-towed RMT’ is introduced that has the capability to measure tensor RMT data on water bodies like lakes and rivers. A RMT survey carried out on Lake Mälaren near the city of Stockholm shows the capability and efficiency of the boat-towed RMT system. The resistivity models obtained from the RMT data are consistent from one line to another and show good correlation with the existing geological and drill core data. In general, a three-layer resistivity model was obtained that has a conductive layer interpreted as lake sediments, which is sandwiched between high resistive bedrock and resistive water column. A coherent discontinuity of low resistivity zone was observed in bedrock across all the lines. It was interpreted to originate from a major fracture zone striking in the direction of water bodies. However, due to the lack of penetration, RMT method alone was insufficient to provide a conclusive interpretation of this. Synthetic analysis was performed and showed that lower frequencies using controlled-sources are required to obtain the desired penetration depth. We took the advantage of the Swedish winters and carried out controlled-source RMT measurements on frozen lake at the same location. The new controlled-source models have enough depth penetration to delineate fractured bedrock. Furthermore, in order to improve the resolution and sensitivity of tensor RMT data, a new processing technique was developed that preserves the identity of each transmitter and allows improved resistivity model of the subsurface. These new acquisition and processing techniques should be useful in many different applications for urban infrastructure planning projects especially in Scandinavia where 7% of the land is covered by fresh water bodies and is poorly explored for these purposes.
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| 1570. |
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