| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Mathern, Alexandre, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability-driven structural design using artificial intelligence
- 2019
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Ingår i: 20th Congress of IABSE, New York City 2019: The Evolving Metropolis - Report. ; , s. 1058-1065
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The construction industry is responsible for a large share of the global environmental impact. The need for addressing sustainability and increased competition calls for the development of innovative design methods that include sustainability in a transparent way. The aim of this work is to propose a framework to use machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) for structural design optimization based on sustainability and buildability criteria. AI opens up new possibilities to optimize and assess structures early in the planning and design stages. In that way, it is possible to decrease the negative and enhance the positive environmental, economic and social impacts and create a more time‐ and cost‐effective design process. The work is meant to serve as a first step toward the development of AI‐based methods in the construction industry, which can bring digitalization in the construction industry to a new level and create new services and business models.
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| 13. |
- Salzer, Corinna, 1984
(författare)
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Sustainability of Social Housing in the Urban Tropics: A Holistic Development Process for Bamboo-Based Construction
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is motivated by a tremendous need for more inclusive, sustainable and disaster resistant social housing in rapidly developing countries such as the Philippines. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda name the use of local raw materials as one area for action. In the Philippines bamboo is an available, culturally rooted material, which is frequently used by rural and urban low-income groups. However, its current use in buildings does not meet the regulatory, technical and social requirements of urban spaces. The general objective of this thesis is to guide the development, implementation, and continuous assessment of a bamboo-based building technology for social housing in the Philippines, according to the multi-dimensional requirements of sustainability. The conceptual framework of the thesis is aligned to the standards EN 15643 and ISO 15392 on the sustainability assessment of buildings. A localization of the standards has been achieved through a multi-stakeholder participatory process. Beyond stakeholders from within the Philippines, this process builds on a learning exchange with Latin America, where significant knowledge on bamboo-based building exists, as well as Europe, where timber frame construction is established. Issue-focused research captured the performances in technical, environmental, social, economic and governance dimensions. It was shown that the most common bamboo species in the Philippines is of a structural grade that is suitable for low-rise house construction. With quality selected, treated bamboo culms and climate-adjusted house designs, the construction of reliable and durable buildings was possible, designed to withstand the impacts of their surrounding environment. The walls received a fire resistance rating of 60 minutes and full-scale test houses withstood the storm impacts of four typhoons with 120–213 km/h wind speeds. A thorough life cycle assessment predicted that the building method results in a 74%-reduction in carbon emissions. Furthermore, surveys and physical measurements attested that a higher indoor thermal comfort is achieved. Active participation was applied throughout the research and implementation activities, and acceptance barriers were overcome among involved stakeholders. Beyond savings from a life cycle cost perspective of the buildings, the use of the renewable local material strengthened local economies and created rural-urban linkages. Sustainability theory was used as a tool for decision-making for the planning, implementation, and continuous improvement of 500 social houses across the Philippines. These were erected by the Base Foundation, an initiative supported by the Hilti Foundation, and its partners. In a continuous improvement process, the achievements and learning obtained in the research and implementation were exchanged in feedback loops over a period of 4 years. Sustainability is shown to be a continuous, balancing process that can be used to transparently discuss and evolve a holistic value proposition. Because adequate housing is only one of many components required for sustainable cities and resilient communities, this thesis aims to contribute to holistic integrated projects and policy advocacy.
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| 14. |
- Andersen, Maj Munch, et al.
(författare)
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Green Nanotechnology in Nordic Construction: Eco-innovation Strategies and Dynamics in Nordic Window Value Chains
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project analyzes Nordic trends in the development and industrial uptake of green nanotechno-logy in construction. The project applies an evolutionary economic perspective in analyzing the innovation dynamics and firm strategies in the window value chains in three Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Hence the project investigates two pervasive parallel market trends: The emergence of the green market and the emergence of nanotechnology. The analysis investigates how a traditional economic sector such as the construction sector reacts to such major trends.Conclusions are multiple, but among the most important are: Eco-innovation has become the perhaps most important driver for innovation in the construction sector. Search into eco-innovative business opportunities is intense among all companies along the three analyzed Nordic window chains. While we generally find a low uptake of nanotechnology in the construction sector in the Nordic countries we do find quite a high number of nanotech applications in the Nordic window chains. Eco-innovation is influencing strongly on the nanotech development. We see several examples of nano-enabled smart, multifunctional green solutions in the Nordic window chains already or about to having a commercial impact. Currently, it seems the greening of markets is beginning to affect the roles different companies play in the chain. We see a marked shift towards more sys-temic, smart eco-innovative solutions which fit well with nanotech opportunities. Overall, the recent greening of the market seems to be opening a window of opportunity for nanotechnology in the Nordic countries but the widespread discreet firm strategizing towards nanotechnology may reduce the exploitation of these.
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| 15. |
- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Using the ACD3-ladder to manage multi-phase requirements on end-user products
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED. - 2220-4334 .- 2220-4342. - 9781904670872 ; 4:DS87-4, s. 425-434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the development of any end-user product, a multitude of design decisions need to be made. But if design activities and decisions happen at the wrong time, or not at all, unintentional and sometimes negative design outcomes can be the result. Determining all requirements early in the product development is traditionally recommended, but may force design decisions to be made prematurely onthe basis of incomplete preconditions. Requirements at different degrees of resolution are useful and purposeful at different stages of the development process. To address these requirements management challenges, this paper proposes an approach for incrementally developing requirements in parallel with design, based upon a previously developed framework called ACD³, which draws on a combination of theoretically compatible ideas and concepts from Design Engineering, Human Factors/Ergonomics,Usability and Systems Theory. This approach helps designers identify and handle the possible interdependencies of design variables. The paper also theoretically motivates and demonstrates with an example how the different resolution levels of requirements relate within the framework.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Ehnberg, Jimmy, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Approach for flexible and adaptive distribution and transformation design in rural electrification and its implications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 0973-0826 .- 2352-4669. ; 54, s. 101-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 International Energy Initiative Microgrids have an important role to play in achieving current international targets of electrifying poor rural communities around the world. In the East-African context, microgrid developers face challenges related to dispersed settlement patterns and high poverty levels that prevent many rural citizens from affording grid connections. Contextual factors influence demand for electricity, leading to uncertainties regarding development of consumption in newly electrified areas. Developers struggle with the sizing of microgrids and often initially oversize the system in anticipation of growing demand, which leads to significant investment costs and economic risk in case projected growth fails to appear. Our focus in this paper is to introduce an approach for flexible and adaptive distribution design – a process that can reduce initial investment cost and still be able to meet the long-term variations of the load in a controlled manner, thereby removing an entry barrier related to microgrid development. We exemplify the usefulness of this design approach in three different application areas: distribution capacity, transformation capacity and level of protection systems. Each application area consists of a number of steps based on mature technologies that correspond to change in capacity. The steps can be taken in sequence or in part, to achieve a system configuration adaptive enough to handle changes in electricity consumption, both increasing and, in some cases, also decreasing. Considerations on how steps would impact on system operation, power transfer capacity and demands on local technical expertise and maintenance are included. Importantly, the technical discussion details socio-economic aspects and the consequences for end-users as well as the utility. We exemplify the feasibility of the approach and provide a context for the discussion using real-world examples from East Africa.
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| 18. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
- 2015
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
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| 19. |
- Petersson, Jesper, 1974
(författare)
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Blurring the shoreline: De- and re-infrastructuring and the changing colors of European flood policy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space. - : SAGE Publications. - 2514-8494 .- 2514-8494 .- 2514-8486. ; 4:2, s. 623-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides a genealogy of the emergence of a common EU flood policy, including the scope and direction of this policy. Noticing how EU policy proposes green infrastructure (associated with using nature as a buffer zone in managing floods) as an alternative to grey infrastructure (implying fixed installations of concrete and cement), this paper adopts the theoretical lens of the so-called infrastructural turn, which advocates a relational investigation of infrastructure. By engaging this approach, the paper shows how flood infrastructure can contain very different compositions of (unruly) water and (settled) land. A narrative of a historically strong focus on guarding society from the powerful forces of nature through a fixed line of defense is increasingly giving way to more muddy states—quite literally—where society is expected to learn to live with flooding and show ecological consideration. To capture the EU’s, and especially the European Commission’s efforts to establish a pan-European flood infrastructure that accommodates this turn, the concepts of de- and re-infrastructuring are developed. These concepts act as heuristic devices to capture how policy performs some combinations between water and land as constituting an attractive and functional flood infrastructure, but constitutes other infrastructural relations of the aquatic and the terrestrial as undesirable and, hence, as malfunctioning. This performative act of distinguishing between what constitutes “good and proper” versus “bad and undesirable” infrastructure is referred to as a politics of infrastructure.
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| 20. |
- Despeisse, Mélanie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking value for a circular economy through 3D printing: A research agenda
- 2017
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Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625. ; 115, s. 75-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circular economy (CE) aims to radically improve resource efficiency by eliminating the concept of waste and leading to a shift away from the linear take-make-waste model. In a CE, resources are flowing in a circular manner either in a biocycle (biomass) or technocycle (inorganic materials). While early studies indicate that 3D printing (3DP) holds substantial promise for sustainability and the creation of a CE, there is no guarantee that it will do so. There is great uncertainty regarding whether the current trajectory of 3DP adoption is creating more circular material flows or if it is leading to an alternative scenario in which less eco-efficient localised production, demands for customised goods, and a higher rate of product obsolescence combine to bring about increased resource consumption. It is critical that CE principles are embedded into the new manufacturing system before the adoption of 3DP reaches a critical inflection point in which negative practices become entrenched. This paper, authored by both academic and industry experts, proposes a research agenda to determine enablers and barriers for 3DP to achieve a CE. We explore the two following overarching questions to discover what specific issues they entail: (1) How can a more distributed manufacturing system based on 3DP create a circular economy of closed-loop material flows? (2) What are the barriers to a circular 3D printing economy? We specifically examine six areas—design, supply chains, information flows, entrepreneurship, business models and education—with the aim of formulating a research agenda to enable 3DP to reach its full potential for a CE.
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