| 21. |
- Liwång, Hans, Docent, Lektor, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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How can systemic perspectives on defence capability development be strengthened?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Defence Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1470-2436 .- 1743-9698. ; 23:3, s. 399-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the last thirty years, suggestions for how to develop defence capability have developed rapidly. However, supporting theory and structured concept development lag behind. Despite this imbalance, countries need to continuously spend resources on defence development. This study identifies central challenges in relation to the scientific perspectives and approaches needed to support the development of defence capability. The results show that the support for developing interactions between technology and social components is especially weak and that relevant supporting theories and methods from related fields are not considered. This study also shows that it is important to be able to address these questions from various perspectives and not to be limited by a specific scientific tradition. Finally, this study also identifies a possible emerging cluster of reports on capability-related research that provide a base for a much-needed cross-disciplinary approach to the development of defence capability.
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| 22. |
- Liwång, Hans, 1974-
(författare)
-
Risk-based ship security analysis – an approach based on civilian and military methods
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The demands on maritime operations today are increasingly higher in terms of control, efficiency and cost. The margins for accidents and security incidents are therefore decreasing. In the area of ship safety the regulations, guidelines and methods have a history and culture of systematic research, development and implementation. In contrast, international security is highly politicized and therefore not as transparent. The result is that a tradition of ship security is not as well established.The overall aim of this thesis is to propose a method for ship security analysis that increases the overall safety of the crew and the ship. The objective is to develop a method that is systematic in order to ensure that assessment and response are complete and effective, and that the process is documented to provide evidence of decision-making.The method used is probabilistic risk assessment where quantitative analysis is central. The proposed approach is consistent with the requirements of maritime safety work. However, in the work here, the proposed methods are specifically tested for security cases. This is because hazards (without intent) and threats (with intent) evolve in different ways into risk. Therefore, they must be analysed differently in order to capture the causal relationship.The proposed approach consists of three steps: the first step consists of a threat description that documents qualitative and quantitative aspects that together describe how the threat most likely will act in relation to the ship’s vulnerability; the second step uses the threat description to define the system studied as well as the scenarios that collectively describe the harmful consequences; the third step evaluates the risk with tools from probabilistic risk assessment.The overall conclusion is that the proposed method brings the procedure and results of ship security analysis into the open and therefore allows for criticism, improvements and shared risk knowledge, not possible with less structured methods. The results also show that the calculated probabilities agree with available statistics, which indicates that the analysis succeeds in describing the central causal relationships of the scenarios modelled.
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| 23. |
- Liwång, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Ship security challenges in high-risk areas : manageable or insurmountable?
- 2015
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Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 14:2, s. 201-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Piracy can lead to risks so high that they, according to the International Maritime Organization, are tolerable only if risk reduction is not practicable or is disproportionate to the benefits achieved. Therefore, there is a need for reducing ship security risks in relation to antagonistic threats such as piracy. The aim of this study is to identify challenges for ship operators when developing their ship security management. Furthermore, this study also investigates two central aspects in the analysis: understanding the threat and understanding how a security threat affects the crew and operation of the ship. It is clear from the analysis that the importance of subjective aspects beyond a ship operators’ direct control is high. This seems to be the fact for all aspects of the risk management process. The situation is also dynamic as the security risk, as well as the risk perception, can change dramatically even though there are no actual operational changes. As a result, the ship security management process is highly iterative and depends on situations on board as well as conditions out of the ship operator’s control. In order to make ship security manageable, the risk management has to put particular focus on methodological understanding, relevant system understanding and well-defined risk acceptance criteria as well as on including all levels of the organization in the risk reduction implementation and on a continuous monitoring.
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| 24. |
- Liwång, Hans, Docent, Lektor, 1974-
(författare)
-
The possible use of nuclear weapons push the envelop of military risk management
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Georgetown journal of international law. - 1550-5200 .- 2688-4925.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to often described military risk management principles, risk managementshould be integrated cyclically and continuously into all phases of missions and operationsand risk decisions should be made at the appropriate level.1In such a decision perspective,military aims, tactics, technology, laws, ethics, and values need to be integrated. It is all theseaspects together that create military capability.
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| 25. |
- Metzger, Jonathan, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
The legitimization of concern: A flexible framework for investigating the enactment of stakeholders in environmental planning and governance processes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 49:11, s. 2517-2535
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the 1990s and onwards, environmental planning and governance has undergone a broad participatory turn. This paper focuses on one specific aspect of participatory processes and the concrete arrangements through which they are carried out, more specifically: how such processes always come to enact some actors as ‘legitimately concerned’ stakeholders and others not. Such investigations bring into focus context-specific effects of inclusion and exclusion as well as de/legitimization of specific actors and concerns. We propose a flexible framework for untangling the various components which in different ways influence the fine-grained power dynamics at play in such events, particularly focusing on the enactments of stakeholders that result from the situated interplay of rationales and infrastructures for participation. The guiding ambitions for the framework is for it to be applicable to a broad range of subfields of environmental planning and governance while avoiding the analytical risks of strong normative commitments from the outset regarding whether participation per se is good or bad, and offering some novel insights into the investigated cases. Throughout the paper, we utilize two case studies, from urban planning and fisheries management, to test the analytical productivity of the proposed framework while also searching for cues for the further development of the framework itself.
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| 26. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Health‐related Research Ethics and Social Value: Antibiotic Resistance Intervention Research and Pragmatic Risks
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Bioethics. - : Wiley. - 0269-9702 .- 1467-8519. ; 33:3, s. 335-342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider the implications for the ethical evaluation of research programs of two fundamental changes in the revised research ethical guideline of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. The first is the extension of scope that follows from exchanging “biomedical” for “health-related” research, and the second is the new evaluative basis of “social value,” which implies new ethical requirements of research. We use the example of antibiotic resistance interventions to explore the need to consider what we term the pragmatic risks of such interventions to evaluate the so- cial value of certain kinds of health-related research. These (pragmatic) risks severely threaten the social value of interventions in every area where human and social re- sponses significantly impact on their effectiveness. Thus, the social value of health-re- lated research needed to demonstrate its effectiveness depends on the successful management of such risks. Research designed to take into account pragmatic risks also gives rise to similar types of risks, and the potential for social value in light of those risks needs to be considered in ethical reviews based on the new guidelines. We argue that, to handle this new expanded task, the international system of research ethical review addressed by the guidelines needs institutional development. In particular, we consider lifting research ethical review to a level closer to actual health policy making.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Noureddine Tag-Eldeen, Zeinab
(författare)
-
Bridging urban planning knowledge into post-disaster response : Early Recovery Road Map within the International Humanitarian Cluster System
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 24, s. 399-410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the scale and the complexity of urban disaster, significant efforts have been intensified by the International Humanitarian Community over the last decade to develop an effective operational mechanism in post-disaster and conflict response, to create synergies between short-term relief measures and long-term development, and to maximize the efficient use of limited resources. In spite of the positive impact of these efforts on humanitarian response, the historical separation between relief, recovery and development continues with significant practical implications on the effectiveness of humanitarian response programs, especially in urban disasters. This paper explores the viability of employing well-established planning knowledge to provide systematic ways to integrate the sectoral response activities, especially in complex urban settings, that help link the humanitarian response with recovery and development. A conceptual and operational framework named Early Recovery Road Map (ERRoMap) using urban planning knowledge is suggested as a new dimension to be added to the traditional role of the Global Cluster for Early Recovery (GCER) in the International Humanitarian Cluster System. The ERRoMap employs the three conceptualized terms of planning efforts: process, context, and outcome to re-organize the function of a ‘City’ under time-pressure. The process of making an ERRoMap is aimed to bridge the emergency response with recovery through organizing facts about disaster impacts in urban settings; identify essential areas for early recovery, join-up efforts of humanitarian actors and facilitate their communications with development actors.
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| 29. |
- Novotny, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
Publication to Patent Analysis for Detecting Science & Technology Frontiers : The Case of Biofuels, Biochemicals and Biomaterials or Academic Lock-In is Not Necessarily Affecting Business Behavior
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we apply large-scale review methodologies and introduce the PPA model - Publication to Patent Analysis ‑ in order to map recent developments in science and technology frontiers of biorefinery activities. Using a bibliometrical approach in the PPA model, we aim to detect and analyze scientific and technological trends in a potentially huge sector. This study takes on the challenge of closing the gap between two strands of analysis - publication analysis and a parallel patent analysis. Bibliometrics is used in order to provide the basis for identification of Science & Technology frontiers, i.e. clusters. Moreover, the data analysis can be used for probabilistic topic modelling of clusters created from publication and patent data. In the studies of knowledge transfer between science and technology this kind of approach has previously been applied only at the micro level. We provide a novel approach proposed for analyses of broader technology sectors which may support policymakers, R&D funding agencies as well as industrial management in the production of scientific and technological intelligence. In our case study results indicate that old forest industry nations in Europe (Austria, Germany, and Sweden) seem at best reactive and pragmatic leaning on their industrial specialization. In general, the EU countries are lagging behind when it comes to new and fast-growing science fields based on non-woody biomass materials and product fields and instead concentrated to more mature or slow-growing wood-based activities.
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| 30. |
- Pereverza, Kateryna, et al.
(författare)
-
Future of mobility systems in Nordic winter cities : exploring expert-based and context-driven imaginaries of sustainable mobility
- 2023
-
Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This article aims to contribute to the discussion about the future of sustainable mobility in Nordic winter cities. We share outcomes of an exploratory study of expert-based imaginaries and contrast them with context-driven imaginaries we found in Skellefteå, a quickly growing municipality in the north of Sweden. Such imaginaries reflect collectively held visions and expectations about the future, blending technological, social, cultural and economic dimensions. They are not individual perceptions of the future but rather are those shared collectively. On the way to sustainable and just mobility systems, it is important to identify and highlight diverse imaginaries coming from a variety of places and from different actor groups, especially those that are still overlooked and underrepresented in the mainstream debate. In this article, we draw attention to two context-driven imaginaries and show how they differ from those held by transport and mobility experts. By paying attention to diverse imaginaries, the current debate about future mobility systems can become more vibrant and inclusive. And, eventually, lead to the discovery of context-sensitive solutions for future mobility systems in the Northern regions and pathways towards them.
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