| 61. |
- Bergviken Rensfeldt, Annika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Automating Teacher Work? : A History of the Politics of Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Education
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Postdigital Science and Education. - : Springer Nature. - 2524-485X .- 2524-4868.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The debate on automation in education is also a debate on teachers’ work. Throughout history, promises of labor-saving and efficient automation technologies have been repeatedly promoted, while research at the same time has rather argued that automations will always depend on extensive human labor. In this study, we historicize how automation in education has been related to teachers’ work and with what implications. Based on Sweden’s long history of educational technology, we have drawn on digital and archival materials published from 1957 to the present. By contrasting the policy elements on automation and artificial intelligence (AI) across the past several decades, we show how debates and technologies are dynamically established and naturalized over time, which also risk silencing the critical debates on what the politics of automation and AI means for teachers’ work and for public education. We conclude not only that the automation debate aligns with familiar ‘techno-solutionist’ educational technology histories, including forms of resistance on the technological uptake in education and society, but also that the scale and impact of automation are shifting with the technologies for automation and global platform infrastructures integrated into education. Consequently, one of the main questions is how the critical debate on automating teacher work and education is made possible even under such circumstances.
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| 62. |
- Eklund, Jörgen
(författare)
-
Arbetsmiljö och lärande i Lean och kvalitetsutveckling
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Lärande i arbetslivet. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9789175192918 ; , s. 52-64
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- frågan om vilka konsekvenser lean och kvalitetsutveckling får för arbetsmiljö och lärande är avgörande för de anställdas acceptans av dessa koncept, men också avgörande för konceptens systemeffektivitet. Hur dessa samband ser ut har behandlats i ett flertal artiklar (Landsbergis, 1999; Westgaard och Winkel, 2007; Hasle et al., 2012; Adler and Borys, 1994; Adler and Cole, 1995; Appelbaum, 1996). Inriktningen på förändringarna och den kultur som finns i organisationerna synes spela avgörande roll för utfallet. Samtidigt finns det anledning att mera i detalj studera dessa samband. Det finns också studier som har kopplat ihop arbetsförhållanden och lärande. Utifrån definitioner på vad som karaktäriserar det goda arbetet har lärande och möjligheter att utvecklas lyfts fram som viktiga faktorer (Thorsrud, 1969). Detta kapitel syftar till att beskriva olika konsekvenser som kan uppstå för lärande och arbetsmiljö i samband med att organisationer inför lean eller initierar kvalitetsutveckling i sin verksamhet. Ett andra syfte är att koppla dessa konsekvenser till de förändringsansatser som genomförs.
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| 63. |
- Eriksson, Andrea, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning Processes as Key for Success in Workplace Health Promotion Interventions in Health Care
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is limited previous research on how learning processes contribute to the outcomes of workplace health promotion (WHP) leadership interventions. The aim of this study was to identify the outcomes of a system-based WPH education program for managers and investigated what impact the intervention program had on health-oriented leadership, improvement work, and employee well-being, as well as what factors (i.e., how manager's active work following the intervention and organizational learning climate) contributed to these outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was applied, including qualitative interviews with 23 managers and process leaders, as well as questionnaires to employees and managers representing 17 public health care units in Sweden. The results showed that health-oriented leadership, improvement work, work satisfaction, and vitality increased at workplaces that worked actively to implement WHP following the program. Working actively with WHP and health-oriented leadership was of central importance for success and was a covariate with improved social learning climate, improved developmental leadership, and increased degree of improvement work. All included factors of learning during the intervention were associated with improved job satisfaction, while the increase in vitality seemed unrelated to program implementation. In conclusion, successful outcomes of WHP interventions interact with dimensions of organizational learning climate in the workplace.
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| 64. |
- Francart, Nicolas, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
-
How artefacts mediate sustainability in public housing projects
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concept of “sustainable building”, in its various interpretations, is becoming increasingly important for policymakers, planners and building sector practitioners. The ways actors work with building sustainability are influenced by requirements, guidelines, criteria for green procurement and certification, assessment tools, internal documents of their company, etc. The present study investigates how such artefacts mediate building design, focusing on how they support or define aspirations towards environmental sustainability. This investigation is based on case studies of public housing projects in Sweden and Cyprus. First of all, the cases indicate that artefacts set boundaries to the range of available sustainable design options. On one hand, regulations, certification systems and directives internal or external to the housing company codify and enforce minimum demands regarding sustainability. Several actors mentioned that a major driver of their work with sustainable design was the need to fulfil requirements set in regulations, plans, directives or procurement documents. On the other hand, cost calculations, procurement laws and requirements in development plans also restrict the range of possible design options. Artefacts also streamline and simplify the design process. The use of predefined or default options, checklists, standardised technical specifications and databases implies that some key design choices are not made within the project itself, but outside of it, when these guidelines and standards are developed. However, these various requirements, constraints and standardised options are often bent and adapted on a case-by-case basis, showing a complex and interdependent relationship between artefacts and actors’ agency. Significant differences were apparent between the Swedish and Cypriot cases. In the Swedish cases, the ways actors understand and operationalise the concept of “sustainable building” is strongly reified, codified and enforced through various interconnected artefacts. The widespread Miljöbyggnad certification is often a de facto definition of sustainability and a reference for actors to set practical sustainability criteria. Third party environmental databases for construction products also create black boxes where environmental performance criteria are unchallenged and not immediately visible to the user. This reification was less noticeable in the Cypriot cases. Cypriot designers’ work with sustainability seemed to depend to a larger extent on their motivation, experience, knowledge, skills and ability to convince their peers. The paper ends with a discussion of implications for the implementation of environmental performance criteria and decision support tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA).
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| 65. |
- Giertz, Eric, 1949-
(författare)
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Dynamics in Swedish Industry and Political History
- 2016. - 1
-
Ingår i: A Dynamic Mind. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. - 9789177291701 ; , s. 321-367
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rules and regulations for industry are of great importance for the wellbeing of a country. In this chapter I discuss the complex inter-play between governmental actions and industrial development in Sweden during one and a half century. I divide the period into three phases.The first phase was initiated in the mid-1800s when a number of decisions speeded up the process of industrialization in Sweden – giving Sweden many new ventures founded by entrepreneurs. The second phase was initiated by the depression after World War I. The ownership of Swedish industry was concentrated to a few financial spheres, which closely cooperated with the Social Democratic government and the reformist labor movement. The third phase was initiated by the crises in the mid-1970s. The Social Democrats lost the election in 1976 and a new political era was born. In the late 1980s it was also followed by a new globalization era in industry.Globalization has fundamentally changed possibilities for small nations, like Sweden, to form national strategies for growth. But still the “Swedish model” from last century evokes a nostalgic response from many Swedes. Also, some concepts and institutions, as well as rules and regulations, still survive with some strength, even though they originated in a different era and are less relevant today. I hope that the reader of this chapter shall be aware that yesterday’s successful principles of setting rules for industry, as well as organizing and managing different businesses might no longer be appropriate.
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| 66. |
- Gunnarsson-Östling, Ulrika, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
What about the future? : The troubled relationship between futures and feminism
- 2014
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Ingår i: NORA. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0803-8740 .- 1502-394X. ; 22:1, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This position paper argues that issues related to the future are worth emphasizing and discussing with more feminist fervour and engagement than is now the case within feminist studies and futures studies. It is concluded that feminists cannot just be critical from an outside perspective, but must engage in creating alternative futures. These futures should not be common goals around which to unite, but a way to inspire feminist thinking about different futures. The authors point out the problem that the futures studies field lacks feminist perspectives, and in this position paper they discuss the gap between futures studies and feminism.
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| 67. |
- Hagbert, Pernilla, Dr, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Taking the lead or following norms? Examining intersections of power in sustainability transitions in Swedish housing associations
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Sociology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2325-1042. ; 8:2, s. 187-198
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we explore narratives of sustainability in housing and everyday life, positing the home as an ‘opportunity space’ for sustainability transitions. Case studies of three Swedish housing associations provide empirical insights on how sustainability is understood and practiced among residents. Addressing aspects of power and problem framing in sustainability transitions, we analyse how sustainability engagements in the associations are shaped by intersecting discourses, power relations and norms relating to age, gender, class and ethnicity. The analysis suggests that reflexivity on sustainability in the associations on one hand links to different sustainability approaches, which relate to assumptions regarding who can become engaged and the organisation of the associations’ work. On the other hand, narratives and practices of ‘doing sustainability’ are made sense of in different ways, where issues of for whom, the type of knowledge that is premiered, and the ‘upscaling’ of initiatives pose challenges for a more inclusive and transformative approach to sustainability in housing associations. Taken together, this creates different conditions for sustainability transitions in housing and everyday life, shaped both by norms of who and what is seen as sustainable, and by structures that outline the space for action for the associations and their residents.
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| 68. |
- Johansson Palmkvist, Åsa, 1980-
(författare)
-
Tekniker i människans tjänst : En feministisk analys av återskapande och förändring inom forskning på inflytelserik teknik
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis takes its starting point in the massive attention paid to artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years, especially the reporting on how AI maintains and reinforces power imbalances linked to gender and other categories. The aim is to examine and problematize relations between influential technology and gender from a feminist perspective. More specifically, the focus is on how co-productions of technology and gender are reproduced and changed in contemporary technology research that in various ways links to AI. The theoretical framework consists primarily of feminist science and technology studies (STS). Thus, the overall theoretical starting point is that technology and gender are “done” in relation to each other in ways that involve notions, and values about what is important. In addition, some concepts and perspectives from feminist organization studies are used, especially the concept of gender structure and centre-construction. Empirically, the study is based on semi-structured interviews with researchers and doctoral students in two academic technology research environments, and on observations of their everyday research practices. At both of these environments’ respective universities, the work on gender equality was extensive by international standards. The gender structure of the environments differed: where one of the environments was numerically male-dominated in general and had no female assistant professors, associate professors or full professors, the other environment had a relatively high proportion of women, especially among the full professors.Central to the thesis is how the researchers and doctoral students made a distinction between traditional and new/contemporary AI. Whereas traditional AI was articulated as a delimited technology discipline with the aim of imitating humans, the new form of AI was articulated as disciplinarily vaguer and as striving to support humans; the new AI was articulated as technologies in the service of humans. Based on this division, the thesis examines which technologies, which humans and what kinds of services the articulation of the new AI refers to. It also explores the norms and ideals of being a researcher or doctoral student in the two technology research environments. The thesis highlights some specific ways in which structural and discursive aspects can impact upon how gendered norms and ideals are reproduced and challenged in technology research on influential technologies. The findings indicate that a disruption of the conventional male-dominated gender structure of technology research enables alternative understandings and ways of conducting such research. By examining how interviewees from different gendered technology research directions described their research’s relationship with AI, the thesis also illustrates how researchers’ and doctoral students’ ways of relating to emerging technological phenomena can be understood as parts of wider negotiations about the status of gendered research directions. Furthermore, the thesis discusses how the interviewees’ articulations of the potential benefits of influential technology were influenced by both power-blind and power-critical discourses. This highlights nuances in how researchers and doctoral students engaged in technology research on influential technology understand the relationship between technology research and the wider context of technology. These nuances enable a situated criticism, with greater potential to be heard from within the field itself.
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| 69. |
- Lindborg, Per
(författare)
-
A taxonomy of sound sources in restaurants
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Applied Acoustics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-682X .- 1872-910X. ; 110, s. 297-310
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restaurants are complex environments engaging all our senses. More or less designable sound sources, such as background music, voices, and kitchen noises, influence the overall perception of the soundscape. Previous research suggested typologies of sounds in some environmental contexts, such as urban parks and offices, but there is no detailed account that is relevant to restaurants. We collected on-site data in 40 restaurants (n = 393), including perceptual ratings, free-form annotations of characteristic sounds and whether they were liked or not, and free-form descriptive words for the environment as a whole. The annotations were subjected to cladistic analysis, yielding a multi-level taxonomy of perceived sound sources in restaurants (SSR) with good construct validity and external robustness. Further analysis revealed that voice-related characteristic sounds including a 'people' specifier were more liked than those without it (d = 0.14 SD), possibly due to an emotional crossmodal association mechanism. Liking of characteristic sounds differed between the first and last annotations that respondents made (d = 0.21 SD), which might be due to an initially positive bias being countered by exposure to a task inducing a mode of critical listening. Comparing the SSR taxonomy with previous classifications, we believe it will prove useful for field research, simulation design, and sound perception theory.
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| 70. |
- Morgunova, Maria, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Petroleum Industry in a Period of Structural Change
- 2016. - 1
-
Ingår i: A Dynamic Mind. - Stockholm : KTH Royal Institute of Technology. - 9789177291701 ; , s. 249-275
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this chapter, we aim to contribute to the understanding of industrial dynamics through a concept of development blocks introduced by Dahmén (1950/1970) applied to the case of thepetroleum industry (oil and natural gas). In pursuing that objective, we first aim to offer some insight into the current state of the energy sector and the petroleum industry by describing the development of the energy system from the 1800s to the present day to reveal the system’s structural changes. Second, we focus on the definition of the development block. We suggest a brief overview of relevant notions and the manner in which they function within the conceptual framework. Third, we apply the development block concept to the case of the petroleum industry. We want to explore the new structural tensions and transformation pressures in the petroleum industry that have occurred within the last transformation period. Finally, we elucidate the theoretical and empirical conclusions both in terms of the use of the concept of development blocks and of the dynamics of the petroleum industry by focusing on the latest industrial period; then, we suggest managerial and policy implications deriving from our investigation.
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