| 11. |
- Harder, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Five-year-old Children's Tuning-in and Negotiation Staregies in an Immunization Situation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 21:6, s. 818-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we have explored 5-year-old children's expressions when they as actors took part in an immunization situation in the Primary Child Health Care (PCHC) service in Sweden. Although children's health and development are the main concern in the PCHC service, their perspectives in such a setting have not been explored fully. To capture children's perspectives we used a hermeneutic design and video observations. The findings revealed children as competent and active participants, contributing to the construction of the PCHC situation in mutuality with the nurse and the parent. The conceptualization of children's expressions and actions revealed how they influenced and dealt with a PCHC situation by using strategies of tuning-in, affirmative negotiation, and delaying negotiation. Understanding children's actions will assist nurses to act with sensitivity when they encounter and support children.
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| 12. |
- Hedin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Why one goes to school : what school means to young people entering foster care
- 2011
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Ingår i: Child & Family Social Work. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1356-7500 .- 1365-2206. ; 16:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this interpretative childhood study of 17 boys and girls 13 – 16 years old placed in foster families, the experiences and attitudes towards school are explored. The importance of school as an arena for both learning and socialization is emphasized. Data were collected through interviews, network maps, and text answers via mobile phone (‘beepers’). Their educational improvement was based on their understanding of scholastic achievement as meaningful for their future, stability in daily routines, and the involvement and support of family, peers, and teachers. Access to peers at school is important, and group activities facilitate this. Because of their background, foster youth can also be exposed to bullying from peers. Both learning and socialization at school affect their self-esteem.
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| 13. |
- Jansson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Democratic revolutions as institutional innovation diffusion : rapid adoption and survival of democracy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - New York : Elsevier BV. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 80:8, s. 1546-1556
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent ‘democratic revolutions’ in Islamic countries call for a re-consideration of transitions to and from democracy. Transitions to democracy have often been considered the outcome of socio-economic modernization and therefore slow and incremental processes. But as a recent study has made clear, in the last century, transitions to democracy have mainly occurred through rapid leaps rather than slow and incremental steps. Here, we therefore apply an innovation and systems perspective and consider transitions to democracy as processes of institutional, and therefore systemic, innovation adoption. We show that transitions to democracy starting before 1900 lasted for an average of 50 years and a median of 56 years, while transitions originating later took an average of 4.6 years and a median of 1.7 years. However, our results indicate that the survival time of democratic regimes is longer in cases where the transition periods have also been longer, suggesting that patience paid in previous democratizations. We identify a critical ‘consolidation-preparing’ transition period of 12 years. Our results also show that in cases where the transitions have not been made directly from autocracy to democracy, there are no main institutional paths towards democracy. Instead, democracy seems reachable from a variety of directions. This is in line with the analogy of diffusion of innovations at the nation systems level, for which assumptions are that potential adopter systems may vary in susceptibility over time. The adoption of the institutions of democracy therefore corresponds to the adoption of a new political communications standard for a nation, in this case the innovation of involving in principle all adult citizens on an equal basis.
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| 14. |
- Kalat, Anne-Sofie, 1974-
(författare)
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Stavas killars problem i skolan ”anti-pluggkultur”?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Locus. - Stockholm : Institutionen för barn- och ungdomsvetenskap, Stockholms universitet. - 1100-3197. ; :2-3, s. 23-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Politiker pekar ut anti-pluggkultur som en bakomliggande faktor för könsmönster i utbildningsresultat. Genom att studera högpresterande gymnasiekillars erfarenheter och identitetsskapanden problematiseras denna bild. Anne-Sofie Kalat visar på att många killar studerar, men är noga att inte plugga för mycket eftersom det förknippas med obegåvning.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Marmstål Hammar, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Communicating through caregiver singing during morning care situations in dementia care
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:1, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is well known that persons with dementia (PWD) have problems expressing and interpreting communication, making interaction with others difficult. Interaction between PWD and their caregivers is crucial, and several strategies have been investigated to facilitate communication during caregiving. Music therapeutic caregiving (MTC) - when caregivers sing for or together with PWD during caregiving activities - has been shown to enhance communication for PWD, evoking more vitality and positive emotions. The aim of this study was to describe how PWD and their caregivers express verbal and nonverbal communication and make eye contact during the care activity 'getting dressed', during morning care situations without and with MTC. Findings revealed that during the situations without MTC, the caregivers led the dressing procedure with verbal instructions and body movements and seldom invited the PWD to communicate or participate in getting dressed. Patterns in responses to caregivers' instructions included both active and compliant responses and reactions that were resistant and aggressive, confused, and disruptive. In contrast to the 'ordinary' morning care situation, during MTC, the caregivers seemed interested in communicating with the PWD and solicited their mutual engagement. Although verbal communication consisted of singing about things other than getting dressed, e.g. dancing, love, sailing, God, the PWD mostly responded to caregivers in a composed manner, by being active, compliant, and relaxed, though some were also resistant or incongruent. The authors conclude that MTC could be a way for PWD and their caregivers to successfully interact and co-operate during caring situations, as it seems to evoke enhanced communication for both partners in this context
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| 17. |
- Marmstål Hammar, Lena, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Reactions of Persons with Dementia to Caregivers Singing in Morning Care Situations
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Open Nursing journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4346. ; :4, s. 35-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Music therapeutic caregiving', when caregivers sing for or together with persons with severe dementia during care situations, has been suggested as a way to reduce problematic behaviors in dementia care. The present study implemented this technique as an intervention in dementia care. Six caregivers participated in group interviews about their experiences of morning care situations without and with'Music therapeutic caregiving'. Through a qualitative content analysis two themes emerged.'Being in a different reality' was based on'usual' morning care situations. The caregivers' experienced the persons with dementia as absent-minded; communication and cooperation were difficult. The second theme,'Being present', was based on morning care situations with the intervention. The caregivers described communication as enhanced; the persons with dementia expressed themselves more appropriately, making cooperation possible. The results indicate that'Music therapeutic caregiving' might lead to a more positive experience of the person with dementia and seems to increase receptivity to caregiving.
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| 18. |
- Marmstål Hammar, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Singing while caring for persons with dementia
- 2011
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Ingår i: Arts & Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1753-3015 .- 1753-3023. ; 3:1, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persons with dementia (PWDs) can suffer from major cognitive impairment, but are known to retain an ability to express both negative and positive emotions. Negative expressed emotions and resistance make caregiving problematic. Music Therapeutic Caregiving (MTC) – when caregivers sing for or together with PWDs during care – has been shown to decrease PWDs' negative expressed emotions and resistance, and increase positive expressed emotions. This single case study included two cases, two women with severe dementia, and measures expressed emotions and expressions of resistiveness to care during “usual” morning care situations and morning care situations with MTC. Video observations were conducted resulting in four recordings of usual morning care and four recordings of morning care with MTC. For analysis, the Observed Emotion Rating Scale and Resistiveness to Care Scale were used. Results revealed that in both cases, expressions of resistant behavior and negative emotions decreased, while expressions of positive emotions increased during morning care situations with MTC. The authors conclude that MTC may be an effective method for caregivers to use to facilitate care situations with PWDs, and also a way for PWDs to experience care situations as less unpleasant, and more joyful.
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| 19. |
- Midgley, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 229:1, s. 143-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Operational researchers and social scientists often make significant claims for the value of systemic problem structuring and other participative methods. However, when they present evidence to support these claims, it is usually based on single case studies of intervention. There have been very few attempts at evaluating across methods and across interventions undertaken by different people. This is because, in any local intervention, contextual factors, the skills of the researcher and the purposes being pursued by stakeholders affect the perceived success or failure of a method. The use of standard criteria for comparing methods is therefore made problematic by the need to consider what is unique in each intervention. So, is it possible to develop a single evaluation approach that can support both locally meaningful evaluations and longer-term comparisons between methods? This paper outlines a methodological framework for the evaluation of systemic problem structuring methods that seeks to do just this.
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| 20. |
- Neuman, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish students' interpretations of food symbols and their perceptions of healthy eating : An exploratory study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 82, s. 29-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study used focus group discussions to investigate how a group of Swedish University students (24 women and five men) interpret symbols with claims about health and/or symbols with information about nutrition. The participants mostly talked about farming methods and food processes when asked about health and nutrition symbols. The Swedish Keyhole was the most familiar symbol to the participants but they had scant knowledge of its meaning. Symbols that were judged to be the most useful in guiding food choices were, according to the participants, symbols showing information about number of calories and/or nutrients. However, the most striking finding is still that the food experts' medical discourse, i.e. the focus on physical health and nutritional effects on the individual body, seems to be inconsistent with the participants' perceptions of healthy eating and risk. The participants rather used what we call an “inauthenticity discourse” where health and risks are judged in relation to farming methods, industrial food production, additives and other aspects of the food that are unknown to the individual. Despite limitations considering the number of participations and their relative homogeneity, these findings contribute to a further understanding of the gap between experts and the public when it comes to perceptions of healthy eating and risks. If this is a broader phenomenon, then we argue that this must be acknowledged if information about health and risk is to be communicated successfully.
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