| 61. |
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Abbasian, Saeid
(författare)
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Attitudes towards competence development among employees in Tourism Industry : A Swedish pilot study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. ; , s. 14-14
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate empirically what attitudes employees in tourism industry have towards participation in publicly funded competence development programmes. Such investigations are lacking in the research on Tourism industry. By competence development here means participation in personal competence development programmes that might have a positive impact on the staff’s learning and on their work places. This impact will be found out through the employees’ subjective perceptions. In this study the terms “competence development programmes” “training programmes” and “skills development programmes” are used as synonyms. Also in accordance with Statistics Sweden terms of “business” and “work place” are used as synonym. The methodological approach used in this study is email-interviews with 12 employees (four women, eight men) that have participated in these programmes during recent years. This includes CEOs, owners, employees and one instructor that also is a business owner himself. A majority of them have academic education and their average working years in the industry is 17. They represent various sub-industries. Their average age is 46 and they mostly come from small sized firms. They participated in different courses that were offered by public organizations for employees and employers, or by private organizations. The courses were paid either by public means, by the firm or by a combination of both. The courses were mostly organized by public organizations but in some cases also by private organizations or a mix of private and public. They expressed that their participation in general had a positive or very positive impact on their workplace, and among others resulted to better knowledge, to acquire a wider network, new ideas, new experiences and opportunities and gave more inspiration, motivation and self-confidence. Concerning effectiveness of courses offered by the public organization the opinions are different; some had no comments about it, some found them very effective, some believed that these courses are effective in some but not in all cases, and finally some believed that courses organized by private organizations are more effective. The largest problems for competence development in the industry are lack of time and money and lack of tailored courses.
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| 64. |
- Abbasian, Saeid, 1961-
(författare)
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Disparate Emotions as Expressions of Well-Being : Impact of Festival Participation from the Participants’ Subjective View
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this research is that through festival participants’ subjective views get a better understanding of how their participation results in positive feelings and well-being. The paper has a qualitative approach based on a delimited part of a larger survey and the content analysis method has been employed. A total of 280 participants, mainly of immigrant origin, answered one of the open-ended questions in the survey: What emotions does celebrating the Fire Festival evoke in you? Please justify your answer. The most common meaning in the answers has been good feelings followed by feelings of integration and community, the return of spring, and nostalgia. The results show that the festival has significance for these peoples’ good feelings and well-being, even though it lasts five hours. This study contributes to increased knowledge of festivals’ positive impacts on individuals, especially on immigrants living in Western countries.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Ander, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Elchockvapen som hjälpmedel vid polisiära ingripanden : En vetenskaplig utvärdering av Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med elchockvapen 2018-2019
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BAKGRUND: Ur ett internationellt perspektiv har det, inom polisen, under de senaste åren skett en ökning i användandet av mindre dödliga vapen. Dessa vapen används för att ta kontroll över potentiellt farliga och icke samarbetsvilliga personer. Ett vanligt förekommande mindre dödligt vapen är elchockvapen (ECV). Elchockvapen har fram till 2018 inte använts i Sverige, men Polismyndigheten har under åren 2018–2019 genomfört en försöksverksamhet med ECV.SYFTE: Syftet med undersökningen var att utvärdera Polismyndighetens försöksverksamhet med ECV, samt att undersöka vilken legitimitet polisens användning av ECV har bland allmänheten.METOD: Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data samlades in för att utvärdera försöket med ECV. Mätningar före, under, och i slutet av försöksverksamheten genomfördes med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten besvarades av två grupper av poliser; en grupp som ingick i försöksverksamheten med ECV samt en kontrollgrupp poliser som inte ingick i försöksverksamheten. För att fördjupa förståelsen för enkätresultaten genomfördes djupintervjuer och fokusgruppsintervjuer med poliser som hade erfarenhet av ECV under försöksverksamheten. För att undersöka legitimitetsaspekter utifrån ett medborgarperspektiv genomfördes fokusgrupper med deltagare från allmänheten. Data från Polisens arbetsskadesystem LISA inhämtades för att undersöka ECV:s inverkan på skador hos poliserna.RESULTAT: Enkätresultaten visade inga skillnader mellan delaktiga och kontrollgrupp när det gäller upplevelse av stressfulla situationer. Upplevelsen av trygghet vid ingripanden med hög grad av motstånd eller när polisen blir fysisk angripen har dock ökat för de poliser som deltagit i ECVförsöket, jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Intervjuresultaten åskådliggör också att tillgången till ECV bidrar till att minska upplevelsen av stress i våldsamma situationer genom att ECV ökar tryggheten i sådana situationer. Intervjuresultaten påvisar även att tillgången till ECV gör att man slipper använda andra potentiellt skadligare våldshjälpmedel såsom fysiska metoder och skjutvapen. Enkätresultatet visar ingen skillnad mellan de som ingick i försöksverksamheten och kontrollgruppen när det gäller att utsättas för hot, våld eller motstånd, eller att polis eller motpart blir skadade. Resultaten från intervjuer och fokusgrupper synliggör att poliserna upplever att ECV fyller en viktig funktion. Poliserna ser enbart fördelar med ECV och vissa menar att det är det bästa verktyg som de har fått. ECV upplevs kunna rädda liv, minska skador på polis och motpart, samt förbättra arbetsmiljön för poliser. Intervjuer och fokusgrupper pekar på att deltagarna upplever att ECV har en deeskalerande inverkan, vilket både kan minska våldsanvändningen, och förebygga våld mot polisen. Enkät och intervjuresultaten indikerar att ECV bidrar till en minskad användning av andra hjälpmedel såsom batong och pepparspray, vilka ofta ger mer skador på både motpart och polis. Deltagarna från allmänheten har uppfattningen att ECV är ett effektivt och bra verktyg för polisen, men lyfter vikten av att det finns en lyhördhet gällande vilka situationer som den används i och mot vem.SLUTSATSER: Utifrån våra enkätresultat är det svårt att dra några säkra slutsatser kring hur användandet av ECV inverkar på skador hos poliser och motpart. Erfarenheterna bland de delaktiga är dock att risken för våld och skador minskar markant, vilket är en viktig indikator. Tillgången till ECV kan öka trygghet och minska stress i ingripandesituationer där kraftigt motstånd och våld förekommer. ECV kan även minska användandet av pepparspray och batong, och det finns indikationer på att ECV har använts istället för skjutvapen. ECV kan underlätta val av hjälpmedel vid ingripanden med hög grad av hot och våld och kan ha en deeskalerande inverkan. Polisens användande av våldshjälpmedel, inklusive ECV, upplevs berättigat av informanterna från allmänheten.
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| 67. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-
(författare)
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City tourism development : Based on institutional governance and a new structure for Destination Management Organisations
- 2023
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Ingår i: 31st Nordic Symposium on Tourism and Hospitality Research. - Östersund : Mid Sweden University. - 9789189786370 ; , s. 235-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundIn Sweden there is a debate how urban areas can be planned compared with the societal context in the future. An important starting point is that city destinations are very attractive for visitors (Maitland & Ritchie, 2009). In addition, in Stockholm there has been a discussion for several years how to cooperate and organise the whole region more efficiently concerning tourism and the tourism and travel industry. In a development project “Besökskraft” in Stockholm a new sort of destination organisation and governance is investigated on a regional level. It is led by “Region Stockholm” and its regional development office. A formal project organisation is developed using a steering committee, a project group, a main working group and several reference groups. The project is financed by EU and internally by the regional development office.Research purposeThe research purpose is to investigate and analyse how institutional governance and Destination Management Organisations (DMO) can support the development of city visitor destinations based on reasons for visitors´ travel. The following six analysis themes are used: City and sub city areas, Governance principles, Destination development areas, Actor networks, Destination Management Organisation (DMO) and Positioning based on travel motivation.Research methodThe first project phase of the development project “Besökskraft” is November 2022 – October 2023. This will be studied, but the plan is to follow the project for three more years. The chosen destination case is the Stockholm county region. As a “companion researcher” I am conducting a case study based on action research using a regional planning perspective. As sub methods interviews, workshops, observation, action studies, webpage investigations and destination report studies are being used. This paper can be considered as a progress report.City and sub city areasIn Stockholm centre there are eight regional cities and in addition a large peri-urban area (Stockholm county council, 2018). This is a foundation for empowered communities and place prosperity, which is discussed in the long-term regional plan RUFS 2050. It i important to find typical functions for these regional cities in order to use the strengths of the place. The functions is closely related to visitors’ travel motivations. This is discussed in the project during 2023. Furthermore, the responsible tourist behaviour will be considered, such as overtourism in cities.Governance principlesOverall governance principles have been discussed in the development project. For example, Hall (2011) has identified four types of governance: Hierarchies, markets, networks and communities, and Cizel, Ajanovic and Cakar (2015) propose that stakeholders´ ideas related to destination governance in Antalya were extracted under three main themes: shared vision, goal congruence and interaction. Bellini & Pasquinelli (2017) propose that cities are developed with their suburbs by specific actor groups, such as the tourist and travel industry through innovation, entrepreneurship etc. However, the overall governance principles, will be developed in the second phase of the project in 2024.Destination development areasAs a starting point the question “What to DO within the region of Stockholm county?” has been used in the development project. The idea has been to find possible working areas and later on to discuss the planned destination organization. Therefore, during the first destination workshop twelve important development areas were identified for the region. After an analysis by the project group three starting development areas have been chosen: competence, infrastructure and positioning. In the next phase about ten more development areas will be chosen. In order to find potential development areas benchmarking with other destination has been conducted. Besides the Smart City Concept could give new ideas in the development project in later phases. For example, Smart City Sweden (2022) proposed that with economic rethinking the areas: climate, energy & environmental, mobility, digitalisation, urban planning and social sustainability could be used.Actor networksThe destination project uses the quadruple-helix method. The general principle is about collaboration between four actor groups: government, industry, research institutes and society. In Stockholm these destination actor groups are related to each other in a complex network. Andersson (2016) has developed an analysis model of the tourism department’s network, where the following six network content dimensions were found during the literature review: stakeholders, reciprocal relations, relation exchange, network driving forces, network management and purpose. One can also ask who has potential how to take the lead position and if there should be a top-down or bottom-up planning approach in the region. Wray (2015) support that the state should take a lead position in managing and coordinating destination stakeholder activities related to tourism product and experience development, destination marketing and management, and sustainable tourism planning. So far the regional office has taken the lead position, but all actors are aware of that only guidance can be used.Destination Management Organisation (DMO)The destination and its network is complex and dynamic. Therefore, DMOs are an important organisational unit. The DMOs need to embrace and engage all bodies (public and private) who are concernd with actions that engage the industry to develop and to improve supply (Spyriadis, Fletcher & Fyall, 2013). There are different levels within the region’s destination structure. On the one hand there is a local destination organisation which has a physical representation task and it works with concrete business products. On the other hand, there is a regional destination organisation which has a digital representation task and it works with supporting activities for tourism. During the development project about 20 more formal DMOs have participated in focus group interviews. It is obvious that local DMOs is really working with local products and individual tourist. However, the biggest DMO owned by the municipality of Stockholm has already taken marketing and planning initiatives which often cover the whole Stockholm region. Therefore, it has to be a coordination of working areas for Visit Stockholm and a planned overall regional DMO.Positioning based on travel motivationThe character of the destination will give some ideas about visitors’ travel motivation. In addition, these travel motivations have to be prerequisites for destination trademarks in relation to the destination image. Within the development project this development are visitors. Furthermore, some cities’ conditions are associated with both positive and negative image, but they have still a great potential (Andersson & Abbasian, 2018). Attractive image of city and regional centres with positioned city tourism products is a prerequisite for new destination structure and actors.Tentative conclusionsThis is the first preliminary research report and the project will continue until at least December 2024. However, some tentative conclusions can be proposed. Within the actor groups in Stockholm there is a positive attitude to a new formal regional destination organisation, even though there are several questions about it: such as financing and the organisations’ objectives. Connected to the development project in Stockholm several governance principles will be discussed in later reports, such as the use of the quadruple principles in the destination network. Furthermore, the role of different DMOs will be discussed and their relations to the whole city and sub-cities. There is also a consensus on what development areas are important to start to work with in Stockholm, such as transportation. A model of different development areas, city area structure and related destination organisation questions will be developed.ReferencesAndersson, G. (2016). An analysis model of tourism academic networks: a Swedish case study triangulated with an EU research project. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 16(3), 195-212.Andersson, G., & Abbasian, S. (2018). Analysis Dimensions of City Destination Character and Image Positioning. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 9(17), 33-54.Cizel, B., Ajanovic, E., & Cakar, K. (2016). Prerequisites for effective and sustainable destination governance. Anatolia, 27(2), 155-166.Hall, M. (2011). A typology of governance and its implications for tourism policy analysis, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19:4-5, 437-457.Maitland, R., & Ritchie, B. (Eds.). (2009). City tourism: National capital perspectives. Cabi.Mehraliyev, F., Cheng Chu Chan, I., Choi, Y., Ali Koseoglu, M., & Law, R. (2020). A stateof-the-art review of smart tourism research, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37:1, 78- 91.Rivera, J. P. R., Gutierrez, E. L. M., & Roxas, F. M. Y. (2022). Re-thinking governance in tourism: Harnessing tourism’s post-COVID-19 economic potential. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 1-27.Stockholm county council. (2018). Regional Development Plan for Stockholm – RUFS 2050.Wray, M. (2015). Drivers of change in regional tourism governance: a case analysis of the influence of the New South Wales Government, Australia, 2007–2013, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(7), 990- 1010.
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| 68. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-
(författare)
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Sustainability Process and Certification in the Swedish Event Tourism Industry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental and Tourism Analyses. - 2286-2838 .- 2286-3745. ; 4:1, s. 5-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In society today there is a heated debate about sustainable development. It is argued that event organisations must take responsibility for sustainability, although they may lack appropriate development tools. The purpose of this article is to study how event companies and organisations can develop a sustainability process in a societal system context and the need for certification in their events. The analysis was based on the study of relevant literature, an investigation in Sweden and a systems analysis. A triangulation technique was used to combine the different methods. It is argued that there is a sustainability event system in a societal context, within which event organisations have a central role. A model of sustainability and certification process for an event organisation and its events is developed, which consists of criteria, activities, certification, effects and obstacles. This recognised certificate could be a motivator and guideline for sustainable event development. The certification's focus has to be on the event organiser's management. However, event organisers need to certify their own organisations, either including all future events or only some specific events. This would give the organisations and the event industry a positive image and recognised role in a sustainable world.
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| 69. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-
(författare)
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Tourist experiences of heritage attractions : how can cognitive and affective aspects of experiences be used in attraction development?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - Åbo, Finland : Åbo Turismakademi. ; , s. 18-18
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a paradigm shift from heritage being only preserved, to also being shown as a tourist attraction. One of two diverse approaches amongst scholars to define heritage tourism is to use a visitor-experience perspective (Apostolakis, 2003). Different segments of tourists have their own unique experiences of the heritage. Specific aspects can be used to explain the experience, such as the “classical” aspects by Pine & Gilmore (1999). In addition, in the last few years other experience aspects have been identified, such as kick, comfort, competence and contact (Kairos Future, 2011). The concept of “the experience room” (Mossberg, 2003) is used to present an experience context. The assumption of this study is that the experience landscape is made up of perceptive signals that cover the human senses. Although one can ask how this approach supports the development of attractions. Cognitive and affective experiences were discussed at conferences on memory tourism in Estonia 2013-14, used in the pilot study to this research. The purpose of the present study is to enhance the knowledge about how tourist's experiences of heritage attraction can be analysed into aspects of experience for different segments of tourists, and secondly, how the human senses influence the tourist's cognitive and affective experiences. An overall case study method will be used to study four maritime tourist attractions. The study consists of unstructured ethnographical interviews, experimental observation of tourists, and tourist's own evaluations during the experience. The research contribution is to shed light to how meaningful aspects of experience can represent the experience of heritage attractions for different target groups. This is based on an analysis on whether tourist experience aspects can emerge from the sensory impressions of tourists' experiences (Agapito et. al, 2014). Another contribution is to figure out how the sense perception can be connected to affective and cognitive aspects that result in a joint experience of an attraction. The pilot study showed that enhanced customer investigations of tourist's experiences are needed, which will be further more analysed. In the end this research will hopefully give attraction developers new tools to generate innovative and well-attended heritage attractions.
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| 70. |
- Andersson, Göran, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Tourist Segments' Perceptions Of City Destinations : Balanced marketing by tourism companies and destination organisations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - Åbo, Finland : Åbo Turismakademi. ; , s. 19-19
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- All tourism destinations have unique characteristics that constitute their identity (Valls et al., 2012). Tourism companies, in turn, exploit these when planning and marketing product concepts for different market segments. In recent decades, the cities in the Baltic Sea region (BSR) have undergone a change considering their profiles as more well-known tourism destinations. Meanwhile, even the degree of professionalism in the tourism industry has increased. This opens opportunities for new forms of image marketing (Lucarelli & Berg, 2011). In order to understand city tourism better a comparison between urban and rural tourism will be made. Each destination and the associated companies have to develop their products and marketing campaigns in order to effectively promote themselves to various tourist segments. The purpose of this research project is to investigate the characteristics of city destinations, and how tourist segments translate them into destination images, and further how the image influences motivations for travel choice. Our theoretical framework consists of city destination concepts, destination characteristics and images, tourist segments' motivations and destination branding. In our pilot study, typical characteristics and tourist segments were found in the case of destination Stockholm. This result will be used when investigating how different tourist segments translate characteristics to an image perception. The planned research will take a multidisciplinary approach with an explorative purpose. A case study of two typical BSR-cities will be conducted, using interviews, statistical data, web site analysis and destination document studies. The knowledge contribution relates primarily to new forms of city destination characteristics and their impact on visitor travel motivators. Furthermore, a model for investigating segments' “image positions” will be developed based on a new kind of demand of city tourism and a more professional tourism industry, even though it is a complex task to determine image positions (Stepchenkova & Mills, 2010). Our hypothesis is that tourist segments are more interested in what city destination can offer today, but the supply side needs more knowledge how to influence the segments' travel motivators. We hope that the acquired knowledge will support destination organisations (DMO) and tourism companies to develop their tools for image marketing.
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