| 31. |
- Duursma, Allard, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing an Agenda-based Measurement of Mediation Success : The Divergent Effects of the Manipulation Strategy in African Civil Wars
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Negotiation. - : Brill. - 1382-340X .- 1571-8069. ; 24:2, s. 296-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous quantitative mediation research has relied on generalized measurements of "mediation success," such as agreements, ceasefires or peace durability. However, these measurements of success do not take into account what mediators were mandated to achieve. We propose benchmarking outcomes against the explicit mandates of the interventions, a novel way of conceptualizing mediation success. Utilizing data on the agendas of mediated negotiations in intrastate armed conflicts in Africa between 1990 and 2010 as a proxy for mediation mandates, we examine the relative effectiveness of manipulation as a mediation strategy. The study shows, in contrast to previous research, that third party manipulation does not have a significant effect on whether the goal of a given round of negotiations is achieved and, that under some circumstances, may decrease the likelihood of mediation success. We discuss the opportunities as well as limitations of a mandate-based approach to the study of mediation success.
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| 32. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding the Horse : Unofficial Economic Activities within the Police Force in the DR Congo
- 2011
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Ingår i: African Security. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1939-2206 .- 1939-2214. ; December 2011:Issue 4, s. 223-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on original interview material, this article addresses the organization of unofficial economic activities within the Congolese (Democratic Republic of the Congo) police force. In contrast to dominant assumptions in security sector reform discourses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in which property violations tend to be portrayed as disorganized, ad-hoc activities, following from irregular and insufficient salaries, the article shows how property violations are highly organized with large portions flowing upward in the chain of command. However, the article also argues for the need to go beyond one-dimensional notions of “unrestrained predation” and simplistic dichotomies between civilians (victims) and police/military (predators). Furthermore, it argues for a more contextual analysis in which the core security sector institutions are situated more firmly in the political and economic context in which they operate.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Fors, Per, 1988-
(författare)
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The practice of implementing sustainable ICT practices : The case of the Green IT Audit
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd NORDIC ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT conference. - Copenhagen.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For several decades, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been used by individuals and within organizations in order to increase efficiency. Traditionally, the increased efficiency enabled by ICTs has primarily affected factors such as profitability and time. In recent years, however, ICT has been promoted as an important tool for increasing ecological efficiency, i.e. for sustainability. Although there are several environmental implications related to the ICT sector to take into account, such as the production of electronic waste (e-waste), the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) and the hazardous production of ICT equipment, the discourse has increasingly shifted towards discussing the positive sides of ICT for sustainability (Author et al., 2014). According to recent reports, the potential of using ICT in order to increase the ecological sustainability of our society is huge. According to GeSI, the Global e-Sustainability Initiative, we will be able to decrease the annual GHG emissions by 9,1 GtCO2e worldwide, as well as creating 29,5 million jobs by using smart solutions enabled by ICT (GeSI, 2008). Some examples of these solutions are digitalization and dematerialization, system integration and process optimization (ibid.) However, as the full potential of smart ICT solutions hinges on that it is implemented and used correctly, we have yet to see the benefits of ICT for ecological sustainability surpass its negative effects (Rattle, 2010).By following one initiative for implementing smart ICT solutions in organizations in Sweden, namely the Green IT Audit, we have investigated how the implementation of these sustainable ICT practices takes place in practice (Author, 2013). The Green IT Audit is a consultancy model, developed by TCO Development, which is used to improve the usage of and implement sustainable ICT solutions in organizations. By drawing on practice theory (Schatzki, 1996), this paper explores new ways of explaining how the implementation of sustainable ICT practices could occur. A practice is described by Reckwitz as a “routinised type of behaviour which consists of several elements, interconnected to one another: ... bodily activities, ... mental activities, ‘things’ and their use, a background knowledge in the form of understanding, know-how, states of emotion and motivational knowledge” (2002; p. 249). The routinized way of performing a Green IT Audit in organizations is also constituted by these elements and can thus be declared a practice. Ijab & Molla (2011) suggests that a practice approach provides a “useful lens to garner deeper and holistic understanding of the information systems that organisations develop, deploy, use and integrate for eco-sustainability” (p. 2). What the consultant do and his or her understanding of sustainable ICT will thus affect the way Green IT is explained to the client. In turn, the understanding of the client and their material infrastructure will also affect how the model is implemented in the organization.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Guntram, Lisa, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Ethics of the Societal Entrenchment-approach and the case of live uterus transplantation-IVF
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medicine, Health care and Philosophy. - : Springer Nature. - 1386-7423 .- 1572-8633. ; 22:4, s. 557-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014, the first child in the world was born after live uterus transplantation and IVF (UTx-IVF). Before and after this event, ethical aspects of UTx-IVF have been discussed in the medical and bioethical debate as well as, with varying intensity, in Swedish media and political fora. This article examines what comes to be identified as important ethical problems and solu-tions in the media debate of UTx-IVF in Sweden, showing specifically how problems, target groups, goals, benefits, risks and stakes are delineated and positioned. It also demonstrates how specific assumptions, norms and values are expressed and used to underpin specific positions within this debate, and how certain subjects, desires and risks become shrouded or simply omitted from it. This approach—which we label the Ethics of the Societal Entrenchment-approach, inspired by Koch and Stemerding (1994)—allows us to discuss how the identification of something as the problem helps to shape what gets to be described as a solution, and how specific solutions provide frameworks within which problems can be stated and emphasised. We also offer a critical discussion of whether some of these articulations and formations should be seen as ethically troubling, and if so, why.
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| 37. |
- Hall, Jonathan, 1979-
(författare)
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Diasporas and Civil War
- 2015. - 2
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Ingår i: War. - New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781634635783 ; , s. 217-236, s. 217-236
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Höglund, Kristine, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid Peace Governance and Illiberal Peacebuilding in Sri Lanka
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Governance. - 1075-2846 .- 1942-6720. ; 18:1, s. 89-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyzes hybrid peace governance and illiberal peacebuilding in postwar Sri Lanka. While discussing the kind of hybridity that has emerged, it focuses specifically on the international/domestic nexus by exploring the interplay between international intervention and domestic politics of peace governance and public mobilization. The analysis demonstrates that there are social and political divides that support the hybrid structures of peace governance. These are not merely between local and international actors; but there is also a sharp division within the international community. In this way, illiberal international powers have been gaining influence and have contributed to shaping the situation domestically. Illiberal politics are particularly justified through mobilization against the liberal peacebuilding interventions of other international powers.
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