| 41. |
- Olofsson, Eva, 1945-
(författare)
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Har kvinnorna en sportslig chans? : den svenska idrottsrörelsen och kvinnorna under 1900-talet
- 1989
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines the conditions of womens´s participation in organized sport. The Swedish Sport Confederation and the two associations with the largest number of female members, the Swedish Gymnastics Federation and the Swedish Football Association, have been studied. Gymnastics is a traditional sport for women and is mainly a fitness sport. Soccer is a competitive sport and a new sport for women. The discussions and decisions of the sports associations regarding women and sport have been analyzed through studies of official documents, minutes and debates. An interview study with female leaders in gymnastics and soccer completes the analysis of the documents.Women represent just over a third of the members of the sports movement. Women participate in fewer sports than men. They only dominate in non-competitive and in aesthetic sports. According to this study there is no female sport or womens´sport - apart from gymnastics - only male sport with female participants.The attitude of the sports movement is that women and men are different but the form and rules of competitive sport are based on equality. The social gender system and thus mens´control over womens´ participation in sport is obvious in the sport movement. Three female counterstrategies have been identified: in the beginning of the 20th century female gymnastics coaches developed a form of gymnastics for women based on the ideology of peculiarity; in the 1970s women claimed equality with men for their breakthrough into soccer; in the 1980s women try to combine the ideologies of equality and peculiarity through male sport behaviour and the accentuation of traditional femininity. Womens´subordinate position in the sports movement is reflected in the lower valuation of womens´sport performances. Sport is an essential part of male character building. The motives of health have always been emphasized for women. The official ideology has in recent years passed on to a general accentuation of the aspects of health, which has facilitated womens´participation in sport. This is contradicted by the development of top-level sport and its manifestations in the form of for example drug-taking.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Regnér, Margareta, 1949
(författare)
-
Familjebilder. Om klientfamiljer, kontaktfamiljer och idealfamiljer : Notions of the family. On client families, contact families and ideal families
- 2006
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation consists of a report and three articles. These parts, of which one is written in English, are assembled within this volume together with an introducing, summarizing, as well as theoretically deepening part and finally a Summary in English. The dissertation concerns a child and family support system called the “contact family service”, which involves a contact family, giving services on a voluntary basis (but recruited, assessed and paid by the social services), receiving a child in their home for the weekend once or twice a month. The service is provided to help mostly single mothers – with scarce social networks that lack the ability to provide support – to get relief from constant care-giving one or two weekends a month. The study was carried out as a qualitative interview investigation. Eighteen single parent families were selected at random from three social welfare offices in Western Sweden. The three parties – client families, contact families and social workers that handled the cases – have been interviewed (a total of 54 interviews) about their experience of as well their own parenthood and family life as their notions in general, for example of a “normal” and an “ideal” family. Another perspective was to describe and analyse the contact family service as such. The interaction and influence of these notions on shaping the contact family service were studied. The study shows that there are significant differences between the two types of families (client families and contact families), primarily with regard to three aspects: 1) financial situation; 2) social network; and, 3) parenting situation (single parent or shared parenthood). It was stated that the contact family service might be considered as a service to all single parents who need it. Nevertheless, its design can be improved. Social workers need to reflect upon the family ideals that are reproduced in the service, especially their view on the single-parent family. Single parenthood should not be perceived as a social problem in itself. With the nuclear family as the golden standard, the burden of having the sole responsibility for the parenting of a child becomes even greater for single parents. A special analysis focused on the single mothers, whose children have no, negligible or irregular contact with their fathers. It was shown, that socio-political positions, based on policy discourses about the caregiving father, equality between the sexes and the focus on children’s needs, paradoxically can put pressure of responsibility on single mothers, not only for their children, but covering the parental responsibility of the father as well. Besides, the father, by withdrawing his support from the mother, can dominate her scope for action, not least because joint custody can enable him to deny the mother’s relief through the contact family service. A conclusion was that the contact family service provides not only a breathing space once or twice a month for single mothers, but also more independence and power, which has given the mothers a better position in negotiations, because they do not need the support from the father in the same way as before. But if these single parents are rejected when they ask for help, they will be left alone. They run the risk of becoming a group, which on all levels – social as well as personal – is symbolised by being alone.
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| 44. |
- Schüler, Martin
(författare)
-
Säkerhetsklimat i en militär organisation
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den militära organisationen inkluderar olika verksamheter vilket skiljer den fran civila organisationer. Den militära organisationen har sin motsvarighet i flera olika civila organisationer som sjöfart, luftfart, sjukvård och transport for att nämna några områden. Den allomfattande militära verksamheten regleras av samma lagar som övriga aktörer i samhället forhåller sig till. Det som är unikt med den militära organisationen är den kontinuerligt tränar och övar för krig. Organisationens personal exponeras för utmaningen att tankemässigt växla mellan individuell och kollektiv risktagning att tänka och träna (krig), Sveriges säkerhet. Samtidigt förvantas individen förebygga risker i de farliga situationer som påverkar den individuella säkerheten som individen möter i sitt arbete.Säkerhetsklimat ar organisationsmedlemmarnas kollektiva uppfattning om området säkerhet (Neal & Griffin, 2002; Zohar, 1980). Uppfattningarna skapas genom att gruppen ser hur säkerhet uttrycks, prioriteras och hanteras i organisationen till exempel i organisationens regler, rutiner, instruktioner och dokument (Kines et al., 2011). Uppfattningar ar särskilt viktiga i organisationens säkerhetsarbete och bidrar till att vissa säkerhetsomraden uppfattas som mer eller mindre viktiga i det dagliga arbetet (Fahlbruch & Wilpert, 1999; Flin, 1998; Flin et al., 2000). Dessa uppfattningar påverkar aven förekomsten av olyckor och tillbud som kan orsaka skador pa människor, utrustning och miljö (Beus et al., 2010; Christian et al., 2009; Fugas et al., 2012; Kuenzi & Schminke, 2009; Nahrgang et al., 2011; Tholen et al., 2013). For att kartlägga säkerhetsklimatet används olika enkätinstrument. Det finns inga säkerhetsklimatinstrument som är anpassade till hela den militära organisationens verksamhet. De säkerhetsklimatinstrument som finns mäter säkerhetsklimat utifrån en specifik verksamhet som till exempel sjöfart. I den föreliggande avhandlingen har en modifierad version av instrumentet Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire använts för att mäta säkerhetsklimat i flera olika delar av den militära organisationen. Ytterligare områden har adderats till instrumentet for att fånga de situationer som militär personal möter i den dagliga verksamheten dvs övning, etik, och fysikträning.Avhandlingens syfte är att utveckla ett verktyg för att undersöka säkerhetsklimat i en militär organisation samt att undersöka relationen mellan säkerhet och lärande i det militära arbetet.Resultaten visar att det anpassade instrumentet NOSACQ-50 diskriminerar mellan olika stridskrafter och nivåer i den militära organisationen. Resultaten visar att de nyskapade dimensionerna: Ledningens stöd, Kunskap om lagar, Etik, Prioritering av träning, Undvikande av träning, Rättvis utvärdering, Acceptans av vulnerabilitet mäter andra aspekter av säkerhet som har relevans for den miliära organisationen.Vidare har säkerhet undersökts under en militär övning. Datainsamlingen designades efter metoden kritiska incidenter. Deltagande observationer genomfördes av planeringen inför övningen Northern Wind 2019 (NW19). Skuggning användes for att följa övningsdeltagarna under övningen NW19. Resultaten visar att begäret att vinna övningen påverkar hur deltagarna arbetar med säkerhet. Deltagande enheter blir med sina beslut och aktioner omedvetet varandras lärare. Övningsdeltagarna påverkas av "gamer mode" vilket medför att säkerhetsreglerna upplevs hindrande for övningsvinsten. Övningsscenariot skapar en situation där verklighetsliknande situationer sammanblandas med autentiska. Konkreta uppgifter går att imitera (flytta den gröna lådan) medan abstrakta uppgifter inte kan imiteras (samarbeta med andra myndigheter som Polisen). Problematiken skapar ett underlag som kan vilseleda organisationen och skapa kunskap som inte fungerar utanför övningen. Problem och svårigheter synliggörs inte utan bildar organisatoriska svagheter som kan orsaka farliga situationer för individen och organisationen.För att ytterligare förstå militar säkerhet behöver arbetet kompletteras med ytterligare studier riktade mot marina och flygvapenövningar. Vidare behöver instrumentet kompletteras med påståenden som fångar personalens uppfattning om säkerhetslösningens faktiska tillämpbarhet när den används i den militära verksamheten.
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| 45. |
- Sotevik, Lena, 1981
(författare)
-
Barbiebröllop och Homohundar. Barn och barndomar i relation till queerhet och (hetero)normativa livslinjer
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates relations between sexualities, children and childhoods by examining the following questions: How are heteronormativity and normative life courses repeated, negotiated and challenged by children? How are norms of age, children and childhood given significance in relation to heteronormativity and queerness? How is the child featured in contemporary discourses regarding sexualities, normative life courses and possible futures? The study is based on the discourse analysis methodology of Foucault (1972, 1980, 1993, 2002) and inspired by Marcus’ (1995, 1998) ’multi-sited ethnography.’ Children’s play and meaning-making during the school day are studied using participatory observations. Preschool policy documents are analyzed to investigate in what way ‘sexual orientation’ is discussed in relation to discrimination and equal treatment, and teachers are interviewed on the subject of working with lgbtq certification and norm criticism in preschool. Sources within children’s culture, showing representations of same-sex love, provide another entrance for investigating how queerness is presented, and how this is discussed among adults. Critical perspectives from queer theory and childhood studies, where sexuality and age are considered simultaneously discursive, material and performative (Butler, 1990, 1993; Castaneda, 2003, Foucault, 2002; Lee, 2001), are combined theoretically. How age (childhood) norms and sexuality norms interact is investigated using queer-temporal theories (Ahmed, 2006; Dyer, 2014; Edelman, 2004; Halberstam, 2005; Stockton, 2009). The results of the included articles indicate that children normalize heterosexuality by (re)producing heteronormative family and couple discourses in their family play and wedding play. This emerges as age-coded heteronormativity, where norms of children and adults become visible through the way in which heteronormativity is repeated. At preschool, representations of ‘sexual orientation’ are primarily focused on families and family constellations, rarely mentioning interactions among the children. Queerness in relation to childhood emerges, at the same time, as something that is demanded and questioned. The child is used as a space for negotiation of society values, disguised as the question of what is good or bad for children. A conditional queerness emerges, at the intersection of lgbtq+ questions, as an increasingly desirable symbol of a democratic, modern and urban society, and as the expected absence of childhood sexuality, particularly queer sexuality. Queerness is made conditional through, for instance, desexualized love and family discourses. Age norms, in this case norms of children and childhoods, are significant for how, when and with which arguments queerness is represented.
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| 46. |
- Strid, Sofia, 1976-
(författare)
-
Gendered interests in the European union : the European women's lobby and the organisation and representation of women's interests
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gendered Interests and the European Union. The European Women’s Lobby and the Organisation and Representation of Women's Interests. On a general level this thesis concerns the changed and changing institutional conditions for gender equality in Europe and the organisation and institutionalisation of women’s social and political interests at the EU level. I ask in what ways political structures and authorities enable and/or obstruct women to generate, sustain and control their presence in politics as women. I explore how the EU institutions structure and provide opportunities and constraints for women to mobilise and organise to act as an authorised party vis-a-vis and within the EU political system. How does it come that women, as a collective, are not only recognised as a politically relevant group but also legitimised to act and be present as women in an organised relationship with the EU system’s main authorities? The presence comes in the form of the European Women’s Lobby (EWL), an EU level and EU wide non-governmental umbrella organisation which represents some 4000 women’s organisations on multiple levels of the EU. The EWL is not the first example of women organising on the EU level, but it is the first of its kind. The EWL was initiated by women from within the European Commission and is funded mainly via a grant from the Commission. The EWL’s objectives include the endorsement of equality between women and men and to ensure that measures to promote gender equality and women’s rights are taken into account and mainstreamed in all EU policy. Using material gathered through interviews, observations and official documentation I study the structure of the European Women’s Lobby; the participation of the EWL in EU politics; the relation between the EWL and the EU institutions; the relation between the EWL’s member organisations; and the forms the representation of women’s organised social and political interests at EU level can take. I argue that in the specific political system of the EU, organised interests in civil society and the EWL perform the functions of input, and participate in output and feedback. Organised interests function as intermediaries between the national and European levels. Organised interests strive to gain influence; the Commission, as a political authority, strives to gain legitimacy of its policy-making through the input and output of representative organised interests. As a consequence of what I argue is a corporatist policymaking style of the Commission the EWL has become increasingly institutionalised. The trade off is that while the EWL has enjoyed the Commission’s support and funding to constitute an established EU level platform from which women can formulate, mobilise and pursue their interests, the EWL has must organise and take control over the interests aggregated from its member organisations and over the form of the member organisations. The very structure of the EWL can be seen as part of the price the EWL has to pay to be granted somewhat of a representative monopoly in terms of opportunities to influence EU policy-making through the various channels of consultation. In this context, I argue that the representativeness of organised interests is key. There is no electoral basis legitimising the policy-making of the Commission, instead, this basis is constituted by organised interests. Paradoxically, this holds the potential for increasing the legitimacy of the Commission, something which increasing transparency has failed to do. It is no exaggeration to claim that the EWL offers a remarkable EU level platform for women to act and pursue their interests as women. By studying the actual impact of EU level policy-making and politics on various ways, this thesis argues that the very existence of the EWL can be understood as being in the interest of women.
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| 47. |
- Svensson, Ingrid, 1987
(författare)
-
Institutional work across multiple levels: The case of strategic public facilities management in the making
- 2021
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The research in this thesis deals with the implementation of strategic planning measures in public facilities management organizations (PFMOs) and the development of strategic public facilities management (SPFM). The aim is to increase the understanding of how individual and organizational actors work with strategic public facilities management and how this influences both public facilities management organizations and the institution of public facilities management. Data were collected through interviews, observations, shadowing, a survey, notes from a workshop and readings of organizational documents. The practice-oriented theoretical lenses of institutional work, institutional logics and sociomateriality have been applied when analyzing the data. In the thesis it is discussed how old practices, characterized by short-term measures as response to urgent maintenance needs of buildings, is associated with negative connotations. Together these practices constituted the old practice of public facilities management (PFM) and associations to lack of planning makes it an unwanted practice. On the other hand, the new practice of PFM, characterized by planning for the future, is associated with positive connotations of strategic and long-term planning measures. For SPFM to be realized, it is argued that these two practices, and the logics associated with them, can co-exist. The institutional logics of PFM are discussed in relation to when the new and the old practice o PFM are imbricating each other. The findings show how it is not the logics presence per se that is of importance for actors and for how practices change and develop, but how these logics are understood and acted upon. In addition, findings show how different types of actors engage in different types of institutional work, at different organizational levels, in both external and internal dimensions during the implementation and development of SPFM. Positioning work, a specific type of institutional work prevalent in PFMOs, has been highlighted. Positioning work includes taking new space and placing it in the organizational nexus and is aimed at providing PFMOs with a new position within their institutional field. Moreover, together with humans, several objects were found to be part of the change processes in several ways; objects were shown to attack and, thereby, disrupt established institutions and were also found to justify preferred routes. Through acts of safeguarding and emotional regulation, objects also took part in maintaining practices. The focus has been on conceptualizing current challenges for PFM as a multi-logic challenge, i.e. the challenge is to integrate different perspectives in practice. The importance of recognizing the aspects of pre-reflexive agency for successful change work in an institutional setting constituted by several different logics and professional backgrounds is acknowledged. How actors’ levels of agency are not constant but dependent on their social positions and their abilities to identify and combine different forms of institutional work has also been shown. Different objects were shown to be part of the change processes studied as institutional implements and emotional implements and, as such, actively involved in institutional work.
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| 48. |
- Wasshede, Cathrin, 1967
(författare)
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Passionerad politik. Om motstånd mot heteronormativ könsmakt.
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Title: Passionate Politics. Resistance to Heteronormative Gender Power Written in Swedish, summary in English, 350 pages. Author: Cathrin Wasshede Doctoral Dissertation at the Department of Sociology, University of Gothenburg, Box 720, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden ISBN: 978-91-86980-44-3 Göteborg 2010 This thesis analyses resistance to heteronormative gender power in order to explore both the possibilities and limits of this kind of resistance. Through a case study of young left-wing political activists in Gothenburg – a group of people that are supposed to offer an intense and well-articulated feminist resistance to dominating norms around gender and sexuality – the relation between power and resistance is brought into focus. The empirical materials drawn upon consist of interviews and focus group interviews with 36 activists in Gothenburg and documentation from part of the movement culture. Theoretically, resistance is seen as part of and depending on power, and vice versa. Through the activists’ strategies and attempts to resist the heteronormative gender power this very power structure is made visible. The alternative spaces produced are not free from power relations. In fact, they involve both traces of the heteronormative gender order, which they oppose, and new norms - so called counter-norms, and limits. Change and stability co-exist. One important resistance strategy is to oppose subjectivation, either by counter-identification or by disidentification. Among the activists it is common to be very critical of the gender dichotomy and in different ways they seek to escape from it or eliminate it. Because of the penalties – often in the form of abjection – imposed on people who break norms around gender and sexuality in a way that disturbes the heteronormative gender order, even many of the activists tend to pay attention to the limits for their transgression and make sure that they are on the ”right” side, that they have so-called hetero protection. Those who challenge the boundaries between different identity categories or between the normal/intelligible and the abnormal/unintelligible are performing limit experience and are actively using the abject position to offer resistance. Contradictions, emanating from opposing discourses trying to win superiority, are transformed into ambivalences, in the sense that the activists not only endure ambivalences, but that they also produce and use ambivalences as part of their resistance. The main ambivalence is the awareness of the possible in doing resistance and the impossible in leaving the structures and discourses behind. Through their passionate politics the activists both change and reinforce the heteronormative gender power.
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| 49. |
- Widegren, Kajsa, 1974
(författare)
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Ett annat flickrum: Kön, ålder och sexualitet i Maria Lindbergs, Anna Maria Ekstrands och Helene Billgrens flickbilder
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract Avhandlingens utgår från två grundantaganden: att barndomen konstrueras genom olika typer av meningsskapande processer och att bildkonst har en lång tradition av att bidra till detta. Avhandlingen undersöker tre svenska, samtida konstnärskap och de sätt som deras bildkonst har förhållit sig till olika diskurser om kön, ålder och sexualitet. Konstnärerna är Maria Lindberg, Anna Maria Ekstrand och Helene Billgren och materialet är verk från 1988 – 2006. Placerade i sin historiska kontext visar avhandlingen att de tre konstnärskapen dels förhåller sig till konstruktionen av sexuella övergrepp mot barn som ett samhälleligt problem, dels i hög grad använder sig av den postmoderna konstens strategier och kritiska udd för att ifrågasätta och omvandla föreställningar om kön, ålder och sexualitet. Konstnärskapens olikheter hålls samman analytiskt genom användningen av ”flickrummet” som metafor. Metaforen är feministiskt förankrad och avser att konkretisera en dubbelhet i den situation som flickor lever under i senmodern tid. Å ena sidan innebär flickrummet avskildhet från vuxnas övervakning och därmed frihet att utforma praktiker som kan gå utanför normativa regleringar av ”vad en flicka är”, å andra sidan kan flickrummet utgöra ett hot om osynliggörande och vuxnas möjlighet att utnyttja sitt maktövertag i en insynsskyddad och stängd familjestruktur. Denna dubbelhet är det jag i avhandlingen kallar ”ett annat flickrum”. Detta andra flickrum utformas på olika sätt: Maria Lindbergs starkt reducerade målningar framhåller flickans kroppslighet och möten med andra kroppar i scener som pendlar mellan tolkningar som lek och tolkningar som sexuella övergrepp. Anna Maria Ekstrands collage som inkorporerar hundratals föremål, bland annat Barbiedockor och andra artefakter som associeras till flickrummet, framhåller alla de möjliga roller, positioner och praktiker som utspelar sig i hennes ”flickrum”, bland annat en maktfullkomlig, blodtörstig femininitet. Helene Billgren gör med sina teckningar tillbakablickar till 1950-talets former för flickfemininitet och framhåller möjligheten för samkönat begär i sina framställningar av flickrum. Samtliga betonar flickans möjlighet till sexuell agens. Förutom bildanalyser innehåller avhandlingen analyser av recensionstexter som behandlar respektive konstnärskap. Detta material har inkluderats för att undersöka hur recensenterna tar emot och skapar mening kring verkens tematik och konstnärliga strategier. Recensionsmaterialet omfattar perioden1989-1997, då konstrecensentfältet var starkt mansdominerat, ett förhållande som gradvis förändras under perioden. Generellt mottas konstnärernas feministiska kritik med skepsis, där den alls synliggörs. Postmoderna visuella strategier förstås bara i undantagsfall som en utmaning mot traditionella föreställningar om ålder, kön och sexualitet. Ett gemensamt drag för recensenterna är att dela upp verken i en motsättning mellan yta och djup, där flickaktighet och annat som associeras med flickor förläggs till verkens yta medan andra teman, som ges större vikt, förläggs till verkens djupstruktur. Språk: Svenska, med engelsk Summary
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| 50. |
- Appelkvist, Jenny
(författare)
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Professionsföretagare : I skärningspunkten mellan småföretagande, profession och genus
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här avhandlingen handlar om kvinnors företagande i en profession stadd i förändring. Flera professioner i Sverige, men också internationellt, präglas av en ökad andel kvinnor men även av de strukturella omvandlingar som under 1900-talet lett från ett industri- till ett tjänstesamhälle. Ett ökat småföretagande är en annan förändring som uppkommit under senare år.I föreliggande studie beskrivs och analyseras kvinnors företagande inom en profession utifrån vad som sker i skärningspunkten mellan företagande, profession och genus. Ett tydligt exempel i Sverige på en profession stadd i förändring är veterinärprofessionen som de senaste 50 åren genomgått en rad förändringar. Den teoretiska referensramen består av en kombination av teorier om småföretagande, profession och genus. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med samtliga veterinärer som är företagare och kvinnor i Östergötland. I avhandlingen myntas begreppet professionsföretagare med avsikt att synliggöra samspelet mellan företagande och profession. Studiens resultat visar att professionen i många fall prioriteras framför företagandet. Professionsföretagarna gör genus på skilda sätt i olika dimensioner och på olika nivåer. Det är stabilitet i hur genus görs på generell nivå medan genus på specifik nivå görs på ett sätt som i vissa dimensioner utmanar genussystemet. Även om stabilitet är dominerande visar studien exempel på att professionsföretagande skapar förutsättningar för vissa glipor i genussystemets mönster.
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