| 61. |
- Hammar, Linus, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Renewable ocean energy in the Western Indian Ocean
- 2012
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Ingår i: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0690 .- 1364-0321. ; 16:7, s. 4938-4950
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several African countries in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) endure insufficiencies in the power sector, including both generation and distribution. One important step towards increasing energy security and availability is to intensify the use of renewable energy sources. The access to cost-efficient hydropower is low in coastal and island regions and combinations of different renewable energy sources will play an increasingly important role. In this study the physical preconditions for renewable ocean energy are investigated, considering the specific context of the WIO countries. Global-level resource assessments and oceanographic literature and data have been compiled in an analysis of the match between technology-specific requirements for ocean energy technologies (wave power, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), tidal barrages, tidal current turbines, and ocean current power) and the physical resources in 13 WIO regions Kenya, Seychelles, Northern Tanzania and Zanzibar, Southern Tanzania, Comoros and Mayotte, Northern-, Central-, and Southern Mozambique, Western-, Eastern-, and Southern Madagascar, Reunion, and Mauritius. The results show high potential for wave power over vast coastal stretches in southern parts of the WIO and high potential for OTEC at specific locations in Mozambique, Comoros, Reunion, and Mauritius. The potential for tidal power and ocean current power is more restricted but may be of interest at some locations. The findings are discussed in relation to currently used electricity sources and the potential for solar photovoltaic and wind power. Temporal variations in resource intensity as well as the differences between small-scale and large-scale applications are considered.
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| 62. |
- Hassing, Linda, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Åldrande och kognition
- 2005
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Ingår i: Nordisk Psykologi. ; 57, s. 4-20
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides an overview of cognitive aging research with focus on normal aging. Results from longitudinal studies have revealed that cognitive abilities are more stable than early findings from cross-sectional studies indicated. It is also clear that crystallized abilities, such as knowledge, vocabulary, and verbal abilities are mostly stable or even may show an improvement across the adult life-span, whereas fluid abilities such as speed, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory are negatively affected in aging. Although fluid cognitive abilities tend to decline with age crystallized abilities can provide cognitive support and in this respect compensate deficits in everyday problem solving. Much research has been conducted in the last decades to identify factors that contribute to cognitive aging. It is well established that genetic, health-related (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, homocysteine, and vitamin status), as well as lifestyle factors (e.g., education, substance use, physical- and social activities) are of importance for cognitive functioning. Some of the age-related variation in cognitive performance is also mediated by changes in other cognitive processes such as speed. There is, however, still age-related variation that has not been accounted for which emphasize the need for further research and suggest that multiple aging processes affect our central nervous system and thereby various mechanisms involved in cognitive functioning.
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| 63. |
- Hegre, Håvard, 1964-
(författare)
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Democracy and armed conflict
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Peace Research. - London : Sage Publications. - 0022-3433 .- 1460-3578. ; 51:2, s. 159-172
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article reviews the literature on the relationship between democracy and armed conflict, internal as well as interstate. The review points to several similarities between how democratic institutions affect both conflict types. It summarizes the main empirical findings and discusses the most prominent explanations as well as the most important objections raised to the finding, empirically and theoretically. To a large degree, the empirical finding that pairs of democratic states have a lower risk of interstate conflict than other pairs holds up, as does the conclusion that consolidated democracies have less conflict than semi-democracies. The most critical challenge to both conclusions is the position that both democracy and peace are due to pre-existing socio-economic conditions. I conclude that this objection has considerable leverage, but it also seems clear that economic development is unlikely to bring about lasting peace alone, without the formalization embedded in democratic institutions.
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Henrekson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Idéburen välfärd i Sverige : en systematisk litteraturstudie
- 2022
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Ingår i: Socialvetenskaplig tidskrift. - : Förbundet för forskning i socialt arbete. - 1104-1420 .- 2003-5624. ; 29:1, s. 1-25
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med artikeln är att göra en genomgång av den forskning som finns inom området idéburen välfärd i Sverige samt att identifiera behov av vidare forskning. Utifrån ett ökat intresse för civilsamhället generellt och idéburen välfärd specifikt söker vi svar på några frågor. Vilka vetenskapliga perspektiv har anlagts i studier om idéburna organisationers roll för välfärdens praktik? När är studierna gjorda? Vilka välfärdsområden har studerats? Och, handlar studierna om brukare, professionella, välfärdsproducerande organisationer eller samhället i stort? I artikeln analyseras 161 publicerade studier. Dessa har identifierats genom sökningar i tre akademiska databaser. Resultaten, som sammanfattas genom grafer och i form av en narrativ syntes, visar att forskningen om idéburen välfärd har ökat stadigt sedan tidigt 1990-tal. Den samlade forskningen på idéburen välfärd ger en förståelse av de politiska förändringsprocesser som påverkat den idéburna välfärdsproduktionen och hur dessa processer relaterar internationella trender. Slutligen argumenteras det för att det saknas forskning om faktiskt utförd produktion av välfärdstjänster i den idéburna sektorn och dess betydelse för den enskilda brukaren. Det gäller särskilt forskning om idéburen vård och skola.
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| 66. |
- Huvila, Isto, 1976-
(författare)
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Ecological Framework of Information Interactions and Information Infrastructures
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of information science. - Thousand Oaks : Sage. - 0165-5515 .- 1741-6485. ; 35:6, s. 695-708
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been notably little convergence between information organisation and information use studies. A framework for explicating the contextual interplay of information interactions and infrastructures of information, and more specifically the interface of information work and knowledge organisation systems is proposed. The theoretical foundations of the framework are based on systems theory and ecological approach. It is suggested that the interplay of information use and information infrastructures may be conceptualised as a systemic interaction, which is driven by the simultaneous influence of human activity related warrants and infrastructural affordances and constraints. The model provides an instrument that explicates the interplay of human information use and information infrastructures.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Koeder, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Vegan nutrition : a preliminary guide for health professionals
- 2024
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1040-8398 .- 1549-7852. ; 64:3, s. 670-707
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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