| 241. |
- Spiegel, David, et al.
(författare)
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Disintegrated experience : The dissociative disorders revisited
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. - 0021-843X. ; 100, s. 366-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present proposed changes to the dissociative disorders section of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and review the concept of pathological and nonpathological dissociation, including empirical findings on the relations between trauma and dissociative phenomenology and between dissociation and hypnosis. The most important proposals include the creation of two new diagnostic entities, brief reactive dissociative disorder and transient dissociative disturbance, and the readoption of the criterion of amnesia for a multiple personality disorder diagnosis. We conclude that further work on dissociative processes will provide an important link between clinical and experimental approaches to human cognition, emotion, and personality.
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| 242. |
- Spiegel, David, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative Disorders In DSM-5
- 2011
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Ingår i: Depression and Anxiety. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1091-4269. ; 28:9, s. 824-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We present recommendations for revision of the diagnostic criteria for the Dissociative Disorders (DDs) for DSM-5. The periodic revision of the DSM provides an opportunity to revisit the assumptions underlying specific diagnoses and the empirical support, or lack of it, for the defining diagnostic criteria. Methods: This paper reviews clinical, phenomenological, epidemiological, cultural, and neurobiological data related to the DDs in order to generate an up-to-date, evidence-based set of DD diagnoses and diagnostic criteria for DSM-5. First, we review the definitions of dissociation and the differences between the definitions of dissociation and conceptualization of DDs in the DSM-IV-TR and the ICD-10, respectively. Also, we review more general conceptual issues in defining dissociation and dissociative disorders. Based on this review, we propose a revised definition of dissociation for DSM-5 and discuss the implications of this definition for understanding dissociative symptoms and disorders. Results: We make the following recommendations for DSM-5: 1. Depersonalization Disorder (DPD) should derealization symptoms as well. 2. Dissociative Fugue should become a subtype of Dissociative Amnesia (DA). 3. The diagnostic criteria for DID should be changed to emphasize the disruptive nature of the dissociation and amnesia for everyday as well as traumatic events. The experience of possession should be included in the definition of identity disruption. 4. Should Dissociative Trance Disorder should be included in the Unspecified Dissociative Disorder (UDD) category. Conclusions: There is a growing body of evidence linking the dissociative disorders to a trauma history, and to specific neural mechanisms. Depression and Anxiety 28:824-852, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 243. |
- Spiegel, David, et al.
(författare)
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New DSM-Diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 1535-7228 .- 0002-953X. ; 157, s. 1890-1890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 244. |
- Stiernströmer, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of variations of emotional expressions on mnemonic discrimination and traditional recognition memory
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2044-5911 .- 2044-592X. ; 30:43226, s. 547-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Face recognition occurs when a face is recognised despite changes between learning and test exposures. Yet there has been relatively little research on how variations in emotional expressions influence people’s ability to recognise these changes. We evaluated the ability to discriminate old and similar expressions of emotions (i.e. mnemonic discrimination) of the same face, as well as the discrimination ability between old and dissimilar (new) expressions of the same face, reflecting traditional discrimination. An emotional mnemonic discrimination task with morphed faces that were similar but not identical to the original face was used. Results showed greater mnemonic discrimination for learned neutral expressions that at test became slightly more fearful rather than happy. For traditional discrimination, there was greater accuracy for learned happy faces becoming fearful, rather than those changing from fearful-tohappy.These findings indicate that emotional expressions may have asymmetricalinfluences on mnemonic and traditional discrimination of the same face.
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| 245. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential frontal-parietal phase synchrony during hypnosis as a function of hypnotic suggestibility
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772. ; 48:10, s. 1444-1447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spontaneous dissociative alterations in awareness and perception among highly suggestible individuals following a hypnotic induction may result from disruptions in the functional coordination of the frontal-parietal network. We recorded EEG and self-reported state dissociation in control and hypnosis conditions in two sessions with low and highly suggestible participants. Highly suggestible participants reliably experienced greater state dissociation and exhibited lower frontal-parietal phase synchrony in the alpha2 frequency band during hypnosis than low suggestible participants. These findings suggest that highly suggestible individuals exhibit a disruption of the frontal-parietal network that is only observable following a hypnotic induction.
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| 246. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential patterns of spontaneous experiential response to a hypnotic induction: A latent profile analysis.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Consciousness and Cognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2376 .- 1053-8100. ; 19, s. 1140-1150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hypnotic induction produces different patterns of spontaneous experiences across individuals. The magnitude and characteristics of these responses covary moderately with hypnotic suggestibility, but also differ within levels of hypnotic suggestibility. This study sought to identify discrete phenomenological profiles in response to a hypnotic induction and assess whether experiential variability among highly suggestible individuals matches the phenomenological profiles predicted by dissociative typological models of high hypnotic suggestibility. Phenomenological state scores indexed in reference to a resting epoch during hypnosis were submitted to a latent profile analysis. The profiles in the derived four-class solution differed in multiple experiential dimensions and hypnotic suggestibility. Highly suggestible individuals were distributed across two classes that exhibited response patterns suggesting an inward attention subtype and a dissociative subtype. These results provide support for dissociative typological models of high hypnotic suggestibility and indicate that highly suggestible individuals do not display a uniform response to a hypnotic induction.
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| 247. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Disruption of synaesthesia by posthypnotic suggestion: An ERP study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3514 .- 0028-3932. ; 48:11, s. 3360-3364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined whether the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of synaesthetic response conflict could be disrupted by posthypnotic suggestion. We recorded event-related brain potentials while a highly suggestible face-color synaesthete and matched controls viewed congruently and incongruently colored faces in a color-naming task. The synaesthete, but not the controls, displayed slower response times, and greater P1 and sustained N400 ERP components over frontal-midline electrodes for incongruent than congruent faces. The behavioral and N400 markers of response conflict, but not the P1, were abolished following a posthypnotic suggestion for the termination of the participant's synaesthesia and reinstated following the cancellation of the suggestion. These findings demonstrate that the conscious experience of synaesthesia can be temporarily abolished by cognitive control.
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| 248. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociated control as a signature of typological variability in high hypnotic suggestibility
- 2011
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Ingår i: Consciousness and Cognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2376 .- 1053-8100. ; 20:Online 13 December 2010, s. 727-736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested the prediction that dissociative tendencies modulate the impact of a hypnotic induction on cognitive control in different subtypes of highly suggestible individuals. Low suggestible (LS), low dissociative highly suggestible (LDHS), and high dissociative highly suggestible (HDHS) participants completed the Stroop color-naming task in control and hypnosis conditions. The magnitude of conflict adaptation (faster response times on incongruent trials preceded by an incongruent trial than those preceded by a congruent trial) was used as a measure of cognitive control. LS and LDHS participants displayed marginally superior up-regulation of cognitive control following a hypnotic induction, whereas HDHS participants' performance declined. These findings indicate that dissociative tendencies modulate the influence of a hypnotic induction on cognitive control in high hypnotic suggestibility and suggest that HS individuals are comprised of distinct subtypes with dissimilar cognitive profiles.
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| 249. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative subtypes in posttraumatic stress disorders and hypnosis: Neurocognitive parallels and clinical implications.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Current Directions in Psychological Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-7214 .- 1467-8721. ; 24:6, s. 452-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Converging evidence suggests that heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises from the presence of discrete subtypes of patients, one of which is characterized by elevated dissociative symptoms. A similar dissociative subtype has been observed among individuals displaying high hypnotic suggestibility. Here we highlight important parallels between these subtypes, drawing from research on a history of exposure to stressful life events and pathological symptomatology, cognitive functioning, hypnotic suggestibility, and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiology. Further clarification of these parallels can help elucidate the developmental paths and neurocognitive basis of heterogeneity in PTSD and high hypnotic suggestibility and refine the understanding and treatment of different subtypes of PTSD.
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| 250. |
- Terhune, Devin, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociative tendencies and individual differences in high hypnotic suggestibility.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-6805 .- 1464-0619. ; 16, s. 113-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Inconsistencies in the relationship between dissociation and hypnosis may result from heterogeneity among highly suggestible individuals, in particular the existence of distinct highly suggestible subtypes that are of relevance to models of psychopathology and the consequences of trauma. This study contrasted highly suggestible subtypes high or low in dissociation on measures of hypnotic responding, cognitive functioning, and psychopathology. Methods. Twenty-one low suggestible (LS), 19 low dissociative highly suggestible (LDHS), and 11 high dissociative highly suggestible (HDHS) participants were administered hypnotic suggestibility scales and completed measures of free recall, working memory capacity, imagery, fantasy-proneness, psychopathology, and exposure to stressful life events. Results. HDHS participants were more responsive to positive and negative hallucination suggestions and experienced greater involuntariness during hypnotic responding. They also exhibited impaired working memory capacity, elevated pathological fantasy and dissociative symptomatology, and a greater incidence of exposure to stressful life events. In contrast, LDHS participants displayed superior object visual imagery. Conclusions. These results provide further evidence for two highly suggestible subtypes: a dissociative subtype characterised by deficits in executive functioning and a predisposition to psychopathology, and a subtype that exhibits superior imagery and no observable deficits in functioning.
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