| 491. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting Procrastination Using Psychological Treatments : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Procrastination can be stressful and frustrating, but it seldom causes any major distress. However, for some people, it can become problematic, resulting in anxiety, lowered mood, physical complaints, and decreased well-being. Still, few studies have investigated the benefits of targeting procrastination. In addition, no attempt has previously been made to determine the overall efficacy of providing psychological treatments.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching for eligible records in Scopus, Proquest, and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials comparing psychological treatments for procrastination to an inactive comparator and assessing the outcomes by a self-report measure were included. A random effects model was used to determine the standardized mean difference Hedge's g at post-treatment. Furthermore, test for heterogeneity was performed, fail-safe N was calculated, and the risk of bias was explored. The study was pre-registered at Prospero: CRD42017069981.Results: A total of 1,639 records were identified, with 12 studies (21 comparisons, N = 718) being included in the quantitative synthesis. Overall effect size g when comparing treatment to control was 0.34, 95% Confidence Interval [0.11, 0.56], but revealing significant heterogeneity, Q(20) = 46.99, p < 0.00, and I2 = 61.14%, 95% CI [32.83, 84.24]. Conducting a subgroup analysis of three out of four studies using cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) found an effect size g of 0.55, 95% CI [0.32, 0.77], and no longer showing any heterogeneity, Q(4) = 3.92, p = 0.42, I2 = 0.00%, 95% CI [0.00, 91.02] (N = 236). Risk of publication bias, as assessed by the Egger's test was not significant, z = −1.05, p = 0.30, fail-safe N was 370 studies, and there was some risk of bias as rated by two independent researchers. In terms of secondary outcomes, the self-report measures were too varied to present an aggregated estimate.Conclusions: Psychological treatments seem to have small benefits on procrastination, but the studies isplayed significant between-study variation. Meanwhile, CBT was associated with a moderate benefit, but consisted of only three studies. Recommendations for future research are provided, including the use of more valid and reliable outcomes and a screening interview at intake.
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| 492. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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The Negative Effects Questionnaire : Psychometric Properties of an Instrument for Assessing Negative Effects in Psychological Treatments
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th World Congress of Behavioural & Cognitive Therapies. - Tübingen : dgvt-Verlag. - 9783871598517 ; 47:5, s. 559-572
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Psychological treatments provide many benefits for patients with psychiatric disorders, but research also suggest that negative effects might occur from the interventions involved. The Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ) has previously been developed as a way of determining the occurrence and characteristics of such incidents, consisting of 32 items and six factors. However, the NEQ has yet to be examined using modern test theory, which could help to improve the understanding of how well the instrument works psychometrically. Aims: The current study investigated the reliability and validity of the NEQ from both a person and item perspective, establishing goodness-of-fit, item bias, and scale precision. Method: The NEQ was distributed to 564 patients in five clinical trials at post-treatment. Data was analyzed using Rasch analysis, i.e., a modern test theory application. Results: 1) the NEQ exhibits fairness in testing across sociodemographics, 2) shows comparable validity for a final and condensed scale of 20 instead of 32 items, 3) uses a rating scale that advances monotonically in steps of 0-4, and 4) is suitable for monitoring negative effects on an item-level. Conclusion: The NEQ is proposed as a useful instrument for investigating negative effects in psychological treatments, and its newer shorter format could facilitate its use in clinical and research settings. However, further research is needed to explore the relationship between negative effects and treatment outcome, as well as to test it in more diverse patient populations
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| 493. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Tio i tolv : en bok om att lyckas med nyårslöften, mål och beteendeförändringar
- 2018
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- När det börjar dra ihop sig till tolvslag nyårsnatten är vi många lovar att ta tag i saker under det nya året enligt undersökningar avger var åttonde man och var femte kvinna i Sverige ett nyårslöfte. Ofta håller dock våra föresatser inte särskilt länge, framåt februari är det redan glesare på gymmen. Det är vanligt att gå ut för hårt i början samtidigt som det är lätt att falla tillbaka i gamla ovanor. Efter ett bakslag eller två är det lätt att ge upp.Trots detta visar psykologisk forskning att nyårslöften är förvånansvärt bra på att skapa varaktiga beteendeförändringar. Det gäller bara att komma lite mer förberedd till tolvslaget, ha realistiska förutsättningar och understryka att förändringsarbetet inte handlar om en kort sprint utan snarare utgör ett maratonlopp kombinerat med hinderbana.Tio i tolv förklarar varför nyårslöften är ett smart sätt att komma igång med nya vanor och överge gamla. Med hjälp av studier och undersökningar inom bland annat målsättning, rutiner och prokrastinering får läsaren kunskap om hur hen lättare kan lyckas med en förändring. Intressanta rön om svenskar egna nyårslöften presenteras, varvat med handfasta tips för att lättare uppnå våra mål vare sig det handlar om ett nyårslöfte eller en nystart efter semestern.Boken bygger på världens största vetenskapliga studie kring människors nyårslöften, utförd av Per Carlbring, Alexander Rozental och Martin Oscarsson vid Stockholms universitet.
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| 494. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Treating perfectionism using internet-based cognitive behavior therapy : Comparing two types of treatment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 11th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii), Gothenburg, Sweden, 23-24 May 2022. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 11-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Perfectionism is characterized by setting high standards and being concerned about performance, which can have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships and psychological wellbeing. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), administered in a face-to-face setting and via the Internet, has previously demonstrated promising effects with regard to symptoms of perfectionism and related problems, for example depression. However, no clinical trial has used an active comparator. In the current study, Internet-based CBT (iCBT) was compared to Internet-based Unified Protocol (iUP) for self-referred participants seeking treatment for perfectionism.Methods: In total, 138 participants were deemed eligible and randomized to receive two types of treatment via the Internet, iCBT and iUP. Eight modules over eight weeks were distributed, containing both psychoeducation and homework assignments. If needed, participants could also receive support on demand from three therapists. A number of self-report measures were administered prior to and after the treatment period. At the time of the conference, the results of both conditions will be analyzed using an intention-to-treat, mixed model-analysis, applying maximum likelihood estimation to account for missing data.Results: Results from the post-treatment assessment showed that half of the participants (52.9%) had opened all of the eight modules, with no difference between the conditions. For the main outcome measure, the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire, the within-group effect size Cohen’s d was 1.61 for iCBT and 1.83 for iUP. For the secondary outcome measures, effects ranged from d 0.33 to 0.67. At the time of the conference, additional results from two follow-up assessments, six- and 12-months, will also be presented.Conclusion: Perfectionism can lead to significant difficulties and sometimes warrant treatment. CBT has been shown to benefit those affected by helping them change inflexible standards, refute cognitive biases, experiment with more flexible behaviors, and basing one’s self-worth on more than performance. The current study replicates prior research findings that CBT for perfectionism can successfully be delivered via the Internet, which could help disseminate an effective treatment to those in need.
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| 495. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Treating perfectionism via the Internet: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive behavior therapy to unified protocol
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 53:3, s. 324-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfectionism can be problematic when your self-worth is dependent on achievements and leads to inflexible standards, cognitive biases, and rigid behaviors. Cognitive behavior therapy for perfectionism is shown to be effective, including for targeting psychiatric symptoms and when delivered via the Internet (iCBT-P). However, few studies have compared it to an active comparator. The current study randomly assigned 138 participants seeking help for perfectionism to iCBT-P or Internet-based Unified Protocol (iUP). Both treatments provided guidance on demand from a therapist and were eight weeks in duration. The results indicated large within-group effects of Cohen’s d 2.03 (iCBT) and 2.51 (iUP) on the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire at post-treatment, and maintained effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up, but no between-group difference (β = 0.02, SE = 1.04, p =.98). Secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety, quality of life, self-compassion, procrastination, and stress ranged from small to large, with no differences between the conditions. Both treatments were deemed credible, relevant, of high quality, and well-adhered by the participants. Further research needs to be conducted, but the findings could indicate a lack of specificity, perhaps suggesting there is no need to differentiate between different treatments that are transdiagnostic in nature.
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| 496. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Treating procrastination using cognitive behavior therapy : A pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing treatment delivered via the Internet or in groups
- 2018
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Ingår i: Behavior Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7894 .- 1878-1888. ; 49:2, s. 180-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procrastination is a common problem among university students, with at least half of the population reporting great difficulties initiating or completing tasks and assignments. Procrastination can have a negative impact on course grades and the ability to achieve a university degree, but can also lead to psychological distress. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is believed to reduce procrastination, but few studies have investigated its effectiveness in a regular clinical setting. The current study explored its effects using a pragmatic randomized controlled trialcomparing treatment delivered during 8 weeks as self-guided CBT via the Internet (ICBT) or as group CBT. In total, 92 university students with severe procrastination were included in the study (registered as a clinical trial on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112383). Outcome measures on procrastination, depression, anxiety, and well-being were distributed at pre- and posttreatment as well as 6-month follow-up. An outcome measure of procrastination was administered weekly. Linear mixed and fixed effects models were calculated, along with improvement and deterioration rates. The results showed large within-group effect sizes on procrastination, Cohen’s d of 1.29 for ICBT, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.81, 1.74], and d of 1.24 for group CBT, 95% CI [0.76, 1.70], and small to moderate benefits for depression, anxiety, and well-being. In total, 33.7% were regarded as improved at posttreatment and 46.7% at follow-up. No differences between conditions were observed after the treatment period, however, participants in group CBT continued or maintained their improvement at follow-up, while participants in self-guided ICBT showed some signs of deterioration. The findings from the current study suggest that CBT might be an effective treatment for those struggling with severe procrastination, but that a group format may be better for some to sustain their benefits over time and that the clinical significance of the results need to be investigated further.
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| 497. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Treating procrastination using cognitive behavior therapy : A pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing treatment delivered via the Internet or in groups
- 2017
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Ingår i: BABCP Manchester 2017. ; , s. 60-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Procrastination is a common problem among university students, with at least half of the population reporting great difficulties initiating or completing certain tasks and assignments. Procrastination can have a negative impact on course grades and the ability to achieve a university degree, but can also lead to psychological distress, such as, stress and anxiety. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is often considered treatment of choice, but few studies have investigated its effectiveness in regular clinical settings. The current study explored its treatment effects using a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing treatment delivered during eight weeks as unguided self-help via the Internet (ICBT) or as group CBT. Methods: In total, 92 university students with severe procrastination were included in the study (registered as a clinical trial on Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02112383). Outcome measures included self-reported procrastination, depression, anxiety, and physical and psychological well-being, which were distributed at pre- and post-treatment, as well as six-month follow-up. An outcome measure of procrastination was also administered weekly. Results: Linear mixed and fixed effects models were calculated, along with improvement and deterioration rates. The results showed that both unguided ICBT and group CBT yielded large within-group effect sizes on procrastination, Cohen’s d = 1.24-1.29, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.76-1.74], and small to moderate benefits for depression, anxiety, and well-being, d = 0.37-0.68, 95% CI [-0.06-1.12]. In total, 32.6% were improved at post-treatment and 45.6% at follow-up. No differences between conditions were observed directly after the treatment period, however, participants in group CBT continued or maintained their improvement at follow-up, while participants in unguided ICBT showed signs of deterioration. Discussion: The findings from the current study suggest that CBT might be an effective treatment for students with problems of procrastination, but that a group format may be better for some in order to sustain their benefits over time.
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| 498. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and treating procrastination : A review of a common self-regulatory failure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychology. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2152-7180 .- 2152-7199. ; 5:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procrastination is a pervasive self-regulatory failure affecting approximately one-fifth of the adult population and half of the student population. It is defined as one’s voluntarily delay of an intended course of action despite being worse off as a result of that delay. Procrastination has a negative impact on performance and is associated with poorer mental health. Stress, worry, and feelings of guilt are common among those who procrastinate recurrently. In addition, procrastination is associated with fewer mental health-seeking behaviors and increased treatment delay, leading to greater distress and the exacerbation of illness. The current paper seeks to provide a theoretical and clinical understanding of procrastination by reviewing prior research. Procrastination can be understood using different motivational theories, learning theory, self-efficacy theory, as well as biases and heuristics. Temporal motivational theory is proposed as an integrated explanation for procrastination, consisting of the interaction of four different variables: expectancy, value, impulsiveness, and time, each of which affects the tendency to procrastinate. A general implication is that procrastination should be regarded as an idiosyncratic behavioral problem that requires a cognitive case conceptualization or a functional analysis in order to guide therapists in their work. A number of treatment interventions might be used in relation to procrastination—for example, efficacy performance spirals, automaticity, stimulus control, stimulus cues, learned industriousness, and cognitive restructuring. Furthermore, the current paper explores the evidence on using cognitive behavior therapy for procrastination, discussing the scarcity of randomized controlled trials and the lack of validated outcome measures, and highlighting the need for further research.
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| 499. |
- Rozental, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding and treating procrastination
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prokrastinering definieras som beteendet att medvetet förhala ett tilltänkt handlingsförlopp, trots medvetenhet om att det kan medföra negativa konsekvenser. Utöver att påverka prestationen på en given uppgift eller aktivitet har prokrastinering även visat sig vara associerat med sämre psykisk och fysisk hälsa. Trots detta är forskning på effektiva behandlingsinterventioner för prokrastinering ytterst begränsat. Aktuellt symposium syftar till att delge resultaten från två kliniska studier där kognitiv beteendeterapi har använts i behandling av personer med svåra problem av prokrastinering, dels i form av Internetbaserad självhjälpsbehandling, dels i form av gruppbehandling. Utöver en presentation av utfallet ges dessutom en genomgång av en klusteranalys av de deltagare som har sökt hjälp för prokrastinering, vilken visar på behovet av noggrann screening och god differentialdiagnostik inför en behandling.
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| 500. |
- Samuelsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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The Umeå University Database of Facial Expressions : A Validation Study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Bethesda MD, USA : National Center for Biotechnology Information. - 1438-8871. ; 14:5, s. e136-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:A set of face stimuli, called the Umeå University Database of Facial Expressions, is described. The set consists of 30 female and 30 male models aged 17–67 years (M = 30.19, SD = 10.66). Each model shows seven different facial expressions (angry, surprised, happy, sad, neutral, afraid, and disgusted). Most models are ethnic Swedes but models of Central European, Arabic, and Asian origin are also included.Objective:Creating and validating a new database of facial expressions that can be used for scientific experiments.Methods:The images, presented in random order one at a time, were validated by 526 volunteers rating on average 125 images on seven 10-point Likert-type scales ranging from “completely disagree” to “completely agree” for each emotion.Results:The proportion of the aggregated results that were correctly classified was considered to be high (M = 88%).Conclusions:The results lend empirical support for the validity of this set of facial expressions. The set can be used freely by the scientific community.http://www.jmir.org/2012/5/e136/
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