| 51. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
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Conceptual spaces as a framework for knowledge representation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Mind and Matter. - 1611-8812. ; 2:2, s. 9-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dominating models of information processes have been based on symbolic representations of information and knowledge. During the last decades, a varietyof non-symbolic models have been proposed as superior. The prime examples of models within the non-symbolic approach are neural networks. However, to a large extent theylac k a higher-level theoryof representation. In this paper, conceptual spaces are suggested as an appropriate framework for non-symbolic models. Conceptual spaces consist of a number of “qualitydimensions” that often are derived from perceptual mechanisms. It will be outlined how conceptual spaces can represent various kind of information and how theycan be used to describe concept learning. The connections to prototype theory will also be presented.
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| 52. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
-
Conceptual spaces : the geometry of thought
- 2000
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within cognitive science, two approaches currently dominate the problem of modeling representations. The symbolic approach views cognition as computation involving symbolic manipulation. Connectionism, a special case of associationism, models associations using artificial neuron networks. Peter Gardenfors offers his theory of conceptual representations as a bridge between the symbolic and connectionist approaches. Symbolic representation is particularly weak at modeling concept learning, which is paramount for understanding many cognitive phenomena. Concept learning is closely tied to the notion of similarity, which is also poorly served by the symbolic approach. Gardenfors's theory of conceptual spaces presents a framework for representing information on the conceptual level. A conceptual space is built up from geometrical structures based on a number of quality dimensions. The main applications of the theory are on the constructive side of cognitive science: as a constructive model the theory can be applied to the development of artificial systems capable of solving cognitive tasks. Gardenfors also shows how conceptual spaces can serve as an explanatory framework for a number of empirical theories, in particular those concerning concept formation, induction, and semantics. His aim is to present a coherent research program that can be used as a basis for more detailed investigations.
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperation, conceptual spaces and the evolution of semantics
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Symbol Grounding and Beyond. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. ; 4211 LNAI, s. 16-30
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We start by providing an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of semantics. It is argued that the evolution of anticipatory cognition and theory of mind in the hominids opened up for cooperation about future goals. This cooperation requires symbolic communication. The meanings of the symbols are established via a "meeting of minds." The concepts in the minds of communicating individuals are modelled as convex regions in conceptual spaces. We then outline a mathematical framework based on fixpoints in continuous mappings between conceptual spaces that can be used to model such a semantics.
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| 55. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
-
Cued and Detached Representations in Animal Cognition
- 1995
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the function of certain aspects of cognition, like planning, deceiving, self-awareness, and communication. I distinguish between two kinds of representations of information. A cued representation stands for something that is present in the current situation. Detached representations stand for objects or events that are neither present in the situation nor triggered by some recent situation. The inner environment of an animal is defined as the collection of all detached representations. The fundamental difference between signals and symbols is that the reference of a symbol is a detached representation, while a signal refers to a cued representation. Detached representations make planning possible. I distinguish between immediate planning, where plans are made for present needs, and anticipatory planning, where future needs are predicted. The evolution of self-consciousness is outlined as a series of steps. The first is when other agents are seen as having an inner environment of their own. This is when deception becomes possible. A further step is when the agent realizes that the other agents' representations of the external world includes a representation of the inner environment of the agent itself. Then the agent can become self-conscious since it can form representations of its own representations.
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| 56. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
-
Dags att lämna det deskriptiva
- 2001
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 57. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
-
Demonstration and pantomime in the evolution of teaching
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 8:MAR
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Donald proposes that early Homo evolved mimesis as a new form of cognition. This article investigates the mimesis hypothesis in relation to the evolution of teaching. The fundamental capacities that distinguish hominin teaching from that of other animals are demonstration and pantomime. A conceptual analysis of the instructional and communicative functions of demonstration and pantomime is presented. Archaeological evidence that demonstration was used for transmitting the Oldowan technology is summarized. It is argued that pantomime develops out of demonstration so that the primary objective of pantomime is that the onlooker learns the motoric patterns shown in the pantomime. The communicative use of pantomime is judged to be secondary. This use of pantomime is also contrasted with other forms of gestures. A key feature of the analysis is that the meaning of a pantomime is characterized by the force patterns of the movements. These force patterns form the core of a model of the cognitive mechanism behind pantomime. Finally, the role of pantomime in the evolution of language is also discussed.
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| 58. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
-
Demonstration and pantomime in the evolution of teaching and communication
- 2021
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Ingår i: Language and Communication. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5309. ; 80, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article begins with a presentation of the role of demonstration and pantomime in the evolution of teaching building on Gärdenfors and Högberg (2017). In comparison to different forms of animal communication, demonstration is voluntary, intentional, honest, and directed to one or a few individuals. Then the differences between demonstration and pantomime is analyzed. An important factor is that a pantomime can be detached, that is, can refer to entities that are not present or to other moments of time. A key section of the article concerns the extension of pantomime from its use in teaching to a more general communicative use. I present six factors – communicative sign function, degree of detachment, pragmatic form, represented action, perspective, and degree of pretence, which – following a principle of cognitive parsimony – all suggest that pantomime for teaching is evolutionarily older.
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| 59. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter
(författare)
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Den meningssökande människan
- 2006
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Varför genomsyras människans tillvaro av strävan efter mening? Vi söker ständigt efter betydelser och sammanhang, exempelvis i slumpartade händelser som lottovinster och genom att försöka tolka berättelser i datorspel. I alla kulturer finns myter om hur universum har skapats och vem som har makt över naturfenomenen. Gärdenfors menar att vår unika förmåga till framförhållning, samarbete och sökande efter meningen med livet har ökat chanserna för överlevnad. Idag är det vanligt att anta att orsakerna till det mänskliga beteendet står att finna i vår biologiska natur. Med ett underhållande tvärvetenskapligt perspektiv argumenterar Gärdenfors istället för att nyckeln till vårt beteende finns att hämta inom kulturen.
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| 60. |
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