| 21. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
-
“Tell Me Who You Are" Latent Semantic Analysis for Analyzing Spontaneous Self-Presentations in Different Situations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. - 1972-6325. ; 27:2, s. 153-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to analyze freely generated self-presentations through the natural language processing technique of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Four hundred fifty-one participants (F = 360; M = 143) recruited from LinkedIn (a professional social network) were randomly assigned to generate 10 words to describe themselves to either an employer (recruitment-condition) or a friend (friendship- condition). The words’ frequency-rate and their semantic representation were compared between condi- tions and to the natural language (Google’s n-gram database). Self-presentations produced in the recruit- ment condition (vs. natural language) had significantly higher number of agentic words (e.g., problem- solver, responsible, able team-worker) and their contents were semantically closer to the concept of agency (i.e., competence, assertiveness, decisiveness) comparing to the friendship condition. Further- more, the valence of the self-presentations’ words was higher (i.e., with a more positive meaning) in the recruitment condition. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the literature on the “Big Two,” self- presentation, and impression management.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Amato, Clara, et al.
(författare)
-
Think Entrepreneurially: Entrepreneurs vs. non-Entrepreneurs Cognitive Profiles
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship. - 1099-9264. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many recent contributions try to identify the way of thinking of individuals who pursue entrepreneurial careers (Shepherd & Patzelt, 2018). This study aims at investigating the cognitive styles (i.e., the stable preferred way to thinking by an individual) of a sample of entrepreneurs (vs. non-entrepreneurs.) According to Sternberg’s theories (1998) and based on the previous researches it is assumed that some cognitive styles better describe the entrepreneurial way of thinking. Through a discriminant analysis, this assumption has been assessed on an Italian sample of 276 participants (147 entrepreneurs and 129 non- entrepreneurs.) The data show that the anarchical (i.e., a random approach to problems, by sometimes drawing up connections that the others would not be able to establish), legislative (i.e., the free decision of what to do and how to do it), internal (i.e., the inclination towards autonomy for the performance of tasks), and liberal style (i.e., the tendency to deviate from the way in which things are currently made) are distinctive of the Entrepreneurs group, confirming the assumption concerning different cognitive profiles between the two groups interviewed. Directions for future research are discussed.
|
|
| 24. |
- Andersson Arntén, Ann-Christine, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
Police Personnel Affective Profiles : Differences in Perceptions of the Work Climate and Motivation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. - : Springer. - 0882-0783 .- 1936-6469. ; 31:1, s. 2-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The affective profile model was used to investigate individual differences in police personnel perceptions about the working climate and its influences on motivation. The Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was used to assign police personnel, sworn and non-sworn (N = 595), to four affective profiles: self-fulfilling, low affective, high affective, and self-destructive. The work climate was assessed using the Learning Climate Questionnaire (Management Relations and Style, Time, Autonomy and Responsibility, Team Style, Opportunities to Develop, Guidelines on How to do the Job, and Contentedness). Motivation was evaluated using a modified version (to refer specifically to the individual’s work situation) of the Situational Motivation Scale (intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation). Self-fulfilling individuals scored higher on all work climate dimensions compared to the other three groups. Compared to low positive affect profiles, individuals with profiles of high positive affect scored higher in intrinsic motivation and identified regulation. Self-destructive individuals scored higher in amotivation. Different aspects of the work climate were related to each motivation dimension among affective profiles. Police personnel may react to their work environment depending on their affective profile. Moreover, the extent to which the work influences police personnel’s motivation is also related to the affective profile of the individual. © 2015, The Author(s).
|
|
| 25. |
- Andersson Arntén, Ann-Christine, 1954, et al.
(författare)
-
The Affective Profile Model in Swedish Police Personnel: Work Climate and Motivation
- 2014
-
Ingår i: 26th Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. San Francisco, California, USA.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ABSTRACT The study showed that police personnel perceive the work environment depending on their affective profile, these perceptions in turn influence motivation differently for each profile. A positive view on the work environment and intrinsic motivation being related to an affective profile depicted as high positive affect and low negative affect. SUPPORTING SUMMARY Background: The work climate (i.e., employees’ perceptions of how they are treated and managed in their organization) is important when the organizations try to motivate employees to allocate and enhance their efforts into their work. The affective profile model offers something unique over and above the single dimensional framework of affectivity by taking into account how positive (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) interact; these interaction can be used to investigate individual differences in perceptions about the working climate and its influences on motivation. Method: We used the Positive Affect, Negative Affect Schedule to categorize police personnel (N = 595) in four affective profiles: Self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), low affective (low PA and low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA), and self-destructive (low PA and high NA). Individuals’ perceptions of the work climate were assessed using the Learning Climate Questionnaire which measures seven dimensions: management relations and style, time, autonomy and responsibility, team style, opportunities to develop, guidelines on how to do the job, and contentedness. Finally, we used the Situational Motivation Scale to measure four motivation dimensions: intrinsic motivation, external regulation, identified regulation, and amotivation. Results: Results show that self-fulfilling individuals scored higher on all work climate compared to the other three groups. Regarding motivation, profiles with high PA (self-fulfilling and high affective) scored higher in internal motivation and identified regulation than the profiles with low PA. Self-destructive individuals scored higher in amotivation compared to the other three profiles. Different aspects of the work climate were related to each motivation dimension among affective profiles. Conclusions: These results suggest that individuals may react to the work environment depending on their affective profile. Moreover, how the work environment influences police personnel’s motivation is also a function of the individuals’ distinct affective profile.
|
|
| 26. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Affective Profiling to Determine Propensity for Empowerment or Disempowerment: Protective Attributes or Afflictive Proclivities in Depressive States and Well-Being
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Psychology. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2471-2701. ; 1:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A plethora of studies focusing on a ective personality attributes, positive a ect (PA) and negative a ect (NA), have measured ubiquitously self-reports of the Positive A ect and Negative A ect Schedule (PANAS), forming the basis of prevailing notions regarding health and well-being over di erent ethnical populations, gender and clinical and healthy volunteer populations [1-27]. Invariably, these studies have measured participants’ self-reported feelings of enthusiasm, activity, feelings of duty, control, strong, proud (i.e., PA) linking them to well- being, proneness to frequent exercise and agentic, cooperative, and spiritual behaviors (e.g., self-acceptance, goal-orientations, empathy, helpfulness, seeking support in faith, meaningfulness). In contrast, feelings such as anger, guilt, shame contempt, and distress (i.e., NA) are associated with anxiety, depressiveness, ill-being, rumination, inaction (e.g., low exercise frequency and passive leisure activities such as watching TV) and health problems. ese studies show that PA and NA ought to be viewed as separate entities, despite the temptation to view them as opposite poles on a continuum
|
|
| 27. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Focus upon Aberrant N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Systems
- 2016
-
Ingår i: R. M. Kostrzewa & T. Archert (Eds.), Neurotoxin Modeling of Brain Disorders – Life-long Outcomes in Behavioral Teratology, Volume 29 of the series Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences.. - Amsterdam : Springer. - 9783319341347 ; , s. 295-311
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pathophysiology persists in an obscure manner with complex interactions between symptoms, staging, interventions, genes, and environments. Only on the basis of increasing incidence of the disorder, the need for understanding is greater than ever. The notion of an imbalance between central inhibitory/excitatory neurotransmitters is considered to exert an essential role. In this chapter, we first review how the default mode network functions and dysfunction in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. We also present and briefly review some of the animal models used to examine the neurobiological aspects of ADHD. There is much evidence indicating that compounds/interventions that antagonize/block glutamic acid receptors and/or block the glutamate signal during the "brain growth spurt" or in the adult animal may induce functional and biomarker deficits. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that animals treated with glutamate blockers at the period of the "brain growth spurt" fail to perform the exploratory activity, observed invariably with control mice, that is associated with introduction to a novel environment (the test cages). Later, when the control animals show less locomotor and rearing activity, i.e., interest in the test cages, the MK-801, ketamine and ethanol treated mice showed successively greater levels of locomotion and rearing (interest), i.e., they fail to "habituate" effectively, implying a cognitive dysfunction. These disturbances of glutamate signaling during a critical period of brain development may contribute to the ADHD pathophysiology. As a final addition, we have briefly identified new research venues in the interaction between ADHD, molecular studies, and personality research.
|
|
| 28. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Epigenetic Influences on Anxious and Depressive Behaviors: BDNF Links
- 2016
-
Ingår i: JSM Anxiety and Depression. - 2475-9139. ; 1:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The identification of genetic biomarkers facilitates the staging of brain disorders, their prognosis, choice of treatments and interventions, prediction of response, and prognosis of outcomes over a wide spectrum of symptoms associated with affective states, possibly optimizing clinical practice treatments and procedures. In this regard, epigenetic mechanisms mediate the effects of the environment on human-animal neurodevelopment of behavioral repertoires and imply also that employing the sensitivity of laboratory animals to environmental cues may be applied usefully for the consideration of long-term health and welfare of individuals.
|
|
| 29. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise and Dietary Restriction for Promotion of Neurohealth Benefits
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Health. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 1949-4998 .- 1949-5005. ; 7:1, s. 136-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise, whether of aerobic, endurance or resistance types, plays a central role in estab-lishing and maintaining the integrity of the brain and central nervous system (CNS). When exer-cise is adhered to in conjunction with selective food/drink intake and dietary restriction it pro-motes neurohealth. In this article, we review the interactions of age and gender, as well as insulin and diabetes, with exercise, individuals’ cognitive-affective status and its interactions with exer-cise propensity. All of which modulate the eventual outcomes of the influence of exercise upon parameters of neurohealth. The combination of exercise with dietary restriction provides nu-merous factors pertaining to psychological, neurochemical and anti-pathological manifestations of neurophysiological resilience even through aging. The challenge evoked by the exercise-diet com-bination in the body mobilizes a multitude of adaptive cellular stress-response signaling pathways in neurons involving neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory cytokines, DNA-repair proteins, macroautophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis.
|
|
| 30. |
- Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al.
(författare)
-
Exercise Improves Physical Health and Symptom Profiles in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
- 2016
-
Ingår i: JSM Schizophrenia. ; 1:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical exercise intervention programs have been found to ameliorate the deficits expressed within daily behavioral, symptom-profile, affective status, neurocognitive and brain structural and functional domains in addition to improvements in quality-of- life, adherence to training schedules, physical health and well-being in schizophrenia spectrum disorder, despite the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic background of disorder characterization. Neurotoxicological/neurodegenerative processes, such as immunoexcitotoxicity and apoptosis that contributory to the disorders’ etiopathogenesis, reduction of telomerase activity and telomeric shortening and loss of neuronal integrity are mitigated or alleviated by exercise and motor activity schedules. Several aspects of the disorder, structural and functional appear to be ‘buttressed’ through the applications of exercise paradigms whether endurance or resistance, dependent on intensity, duration and frequency.
|
|
