| 21. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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A review of the circular economy and its implementation
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Economics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1744-9928 .- 1744-9936. ; 11:3/4, s. 251-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circular economy (CE) is a sustainable development strategy that is being proposed to tackle urgent problems of environmental degradation and resource scarcity. CE's 3R principles are to reduce, reuse and recycle materials. This study is a review of the rapidly growing literature on CE covering its concept and current practices and assessing its implementation. The review also serves as an assessment of the design, implementation and effectiveness of CE-related policies. It first presents the concept of CE and compares it with the current linear economy. The paper then introduces current practices that have been introduced and discusses standards for the assessment of CE's development and performance. Third, based on an analysis of literature, the paper identifies the underlying problems and challenges to CE in an entrepreneurial perspective. Finally, the review provides a conclusion on CE's current development and gives policy suggestions for its future development.
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| 22. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical reflection on ‘Smart Social Justice’, its measurement and possible drivers and bottlenecks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sociology International Journal. - : MedCrave Group. - 2576-4470. ; 2:3, s. 142-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, we present a first empirical reflection on ‘smart social justice’, its measurement and possible ‘drivers’ and ‘bottlenecks’. The very idea of ‘smart development’ was first proposed by Meadows1 and has not been really followed up to now in social science ever since. We first provide data on how much ecological footprint is used in the nations of the world system to ‘deliver’ a given amount of democracy, economic growth, gender equality, human development, research and development, and social cohesion. To this end, we first developed UNDP-type performance indicators from current standard international comparative, cross-national social science data on these six main dimensions of development and on the combined performance on the six dimensions (‘human development index plus’). We then show the non-linear standard OLS regression trade-offs between ecological footprints per capita and their square on these six components of development and the overall super-UNDP development performance index, derived from them. The residuals from these regressions are our new measures of smart development: a country experiences smart development, if it achieves a maximum of development with a minimum of ecological footprint. We then look at the cross-national drivers and bottlenecks of this smart social justice and development, using standard cross-sectional data, which operationalize standard economic, sociological and political science knowledge in international development accounting. Finally, we take up income inequality which has been very prominent in recent global public health debate due to its very detrimental effect on life quality.
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| 23. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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An empirical survey of the ramifications of a green economy
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Economics. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1744-9928 .- 1744-9936. ; 12:1, s. 53-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The unprecedented deterioration of the global environment has increased the necessity of relying on green economic policies as critical and effective environmental management tools. The current situation has stimulated extensive research and debate among global interest groups. This in turn has fostered an ever-growing volume of literature that provides a picture of the best measures affecting the establishment of the green economy, including its development and outcomes. This paper provides a survey of the green economy in a form that non-specialist readers will be able to understand. First, it reviews the recent developments in the green economy - its theoretical foundation, political background and developmental strategies towards genuine, sustainable development. It then discusses the circular economy, networks, organisations, policies, infrastructure and measurable expected effects. Since the theoretical and empirical results and findings regarding the green economy and its practice lead to a number of conclusions regarding measuring improvements, outcomes and identifying causal effects, the paper next discusses these. Finally, it provides summaries of current and possible future green development tendencies with a focus on directions, policy, organisations, capacity, areas and interventions and provides extensions that can serve as optimal directions for future research and policy.
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| 24. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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An evaluation of the collaborative coursework-based Phd program in economics and management among East African national universities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Africa Journal of Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2332-2373 .- 2332-2381. ; 4:2, s. 177-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid economic growth in many sub-Saharan African countries and the consolidation of the lower education sector implies that it is becoming increasingly important to meet the demand for higher education institutions. The expansion of existing national research institutions is facing challenges related to a shortage of faculties with up-to-date skills. There is also a shift in donor countries’ allocation of development aid from production to education, training and research. Many development agencies are now looking at developing higher education sectors in emerging developing economies with increasing interest. Given the institutional and contextual constraints in developing sustainable national research institutions in several sub-Saharan countries, there is a need to discuss new and innovative approaches and mechanisms to speed up the process. This article describes a program intended to develop stronger and sustainable national research institutions through a regional collaboration for a coursework-based PhD program. The program addresses the disciplines of economics and management and involves several institutions. It is an attempt to see whether a regional collaboration between prominent national research institutions in sub-Saharan Africa based on the new model of collaboration and a broader understanding of the actions needed can speed up the establishment of sustainable national research institutions.
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| 25. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of gender wage differential in China’s urban labor market
- 2017
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Ingår i: Singapore Economic Review. - : World Scientific. - 0217-5908. ; 62:2, s. 423-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper estimates the gender wage gap and its composition in China's urban labor market. The traditional Blinder–Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method with different weighing systems is employed. To correct for potential selection bias caused by women's labor force participation, we employ the Heckman's two-step procedure to estimate the female wage function. A large proportion of the gender wage gap is unexplained by differences of productive characteristics of individuals. Even though women have higher level of education attainments on average, they receive lower wages than men. Both facts suggest a potential discrimination against women in China.
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| 26. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Pay Inequality and its Impacts on Growth and Performance in the Korean Manufacturing Industry Post Asian Financial Crisis
- 2017
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Ingår i: UKH Journal of Social Sciences. - : University of Kurdistan Hewlêr. - 2520-7806. ; 1:1, s. 9-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the relationship between pay inequality, economic growth, and performance in Korea. Pay inequality is estimated by using Theil’s index to identify the factors determining the level of pay inequality, and establish its relationship with economic growth and performance. For the empirical results we use panel data on the Korean manufacturing sector for the period 1993 to 2003. It appears that a large portion of rising pay inequality can be attributed to rising relative pay among the small-sized firms, outside the capital city area and in the ICT sectors which were affected by the economic structural reform since 1997. The findings support the hypothesis of an “augmented” Kuznets Curve, according to which certain developed countries are found on an upward-sloping addendum to the original formulation of Kuznets.
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| 27. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Health Care Expenditure in the Augmented Solow’s Growth Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: UKH Journal of Social Sciences. - : University of Kurdistan Hewlêr. - 2520-7806. ; 2:2, s. 19-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines conditional convergence of OECD countries in gross domestic product (GDP) and health care expenditure (HCE) per capita. It extends the augmented Solow model by incorporating health capital to explain variations in output and expenditure per capita across countries. The issue of causality between GDP and HCE is investigated. The results show that HCE has positive effect on the economic growth and the speed of convergence. In the HCE model a regression of the speed of convergence on variables determining the rate of convergence show close link to the variables characterising the health care system of sample countries.
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| 28. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency and competitiveness of international airlines
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book focuses on the factors that support the strengths of international airlines in general and the Asian airline carriers in particular. Defining the quality of human capital as the level of education and the competence of airline employees, it analyzes the efficiency of 39 airlines in various regions, both in terms of production and cost structures. It argues that, despite Asia’s well-developed and globally competitive manufacturing sector, aided by open market practices, its overall service sector still lags far behind more advanced economies. As this does not stop Asia-based carriers from generally being more efficient than their counterparts in Europe and North America, the book investigates how competitiveness analysis of the airline industry can help Asian policymakers better prepare for the liberalization of the service sector, given how crucial this aspect is for the future growth of the Asia-Pacific region. Efficiency and Competitiveness of International Airlines offers a valuable resource for policymakers, airline employees, and researchers and students of microeconomics.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Fiscal policy and inclusive growth in advanced countries : Their experience and implications for Asia
- 2015
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Ingår i: Inequality, inclusive growth, and fiscal policy in Asia. - London : Routledge. - 9781317530930 - 9781138850354 ; , s. 256-275
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study seeks to draw relevant lessons from the advanced economies for developing Asia in using fiscal policy to tackle inequality. The experience of the advanced economies clearly shows the sizable equity-promoting potential of fiscal policy. At the same time, developing Asia’s pursuit of more inclusive fiscal policy must not come at the expense of economic growth or fiscal sustainability.
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