| 41. |
- Färe, R., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of productivity and quality in non-marketable services. With application to schools
- 2006
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Ingår i: Quality Assurance in Education. - : Emerald. - 0968-4883 .- 1758-7662. ; 14:1, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - This paper seeks to model and compute productivity, including a measure of quality, of a service which does not have marketable outputs - namely public education at the micro level. This application is a case study for Sweden public schools. Design/methodology/approach - A Malmquist productivity index is employed which allows for multiple outputs or outcomes such as test results and promotions without requiring price data with which to aggregate these outputs. It also allows one to account for inputs such as teachers and facilities as well as proxies for quality of the inputs (e.g. experience of teachers) and outputs. This model generalizes the basic data envelopment analysis (DEA) models - used successfully to measure performance in many educational applications - to the intertemporal case. A way of computing quality and quantity components of overall productivity is employed. Findings - The case study is an application to the Swedish primary and secondary school system over the 1992 to 1995 period. It was found that quality "matters", i.e. productivity growth changes when one accounts for quantity. Research limitations/implications - The data available implied that the specification is restricted to an intermediate production model, i.e. the output data only account for the intermediate outcomes of education like grades and promotions, but not the longer term outcomes related to success in the job market or higher education, which one proposed as a task for future research. Originality/value - The indices which are computed at the micro level are of value for policy purposes (does investment in quality matter?) and in an evaluation context. ©Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
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| 42. |
- Gholami, R., et al.
(författare)
-
The causal relationship between information and communication technology and foreign direct investment
- 2006
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Ingår i: The World Economy. - : Wiley. - 0378-5920 .- 1467-9701. ; 29:1, s. 43-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the simultaneous causal relationship between investments in information and communication technology (ICT) and flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), with reference to its implications on economic growth. For the empirical analysis we use data from 23 major countries with heterogeneous economic development for the period 1976-99. Our causality test results suggest that there is a causal relationship from ICT to FDI in developed countries, which means that a higher level of ICT investment leads to an increase inflow of FDI. ICT may contribute to economic growth indirectly by attracting more FDI. Contrarily, we could not find significant causality from ICT to FDI in developing countries. Instead, we have partial evidence of opposite causality relationship: the inflow of FDI causes further increases in ICT investment and production capacity. ©United Nations University 2006.
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| 43. |
- Han, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Circular economy business models with a focus on servitization
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:21, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the fourth industrial revolution, based on information and communication technology (ICT), service-led growth has been an increasingly important development area. This paper focuses on service-led growth as an innovative business model in the circular economy and offers the ‘product as service model’. A business model needs to be flexibly adjustable for changes in the market in response to changes in technology, the economy, and the environment. For firms facing increasing scarcity of resources, the right business model for using resources is becoming crucial for their growth. In a circular economy, a new method of business modelling is essential. This paper introduces the ‘product as a service model’ using a conceptualized and case study methodology. We illustrate this innovative circular business model through product servitization at the Hyundai Automotive Enterprise in Korea. This business model can be effective because of emerging new ‘smart connected products’ such as the ‘internet of things’ and ‘fifth generation’ network technologies. Cost, convenience, and the circular economy for firms, consumers, and the environment are critical factors in this new business model.
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| 44. |
- Han, Junghee, et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of Financial Rewards from Industry-University Collaboration in South Korea
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Innovation Management. - 1363-9196 .- 1757-5877. ; 20:7, s. 235-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The external circumstances for universities have been changing rapidly. In order to be competitive, survive and flourish, universities have turned to external sources to generate revenues. The literature refers to this phenomenon as academic capitalism, defined as the involvement of colleges and their faculty in market-like behaviours, which has become a key feature of higher education finances in most countries. As a result, technology transfer, technological commercialisation, and patents via industry–university collaboration represent a source of financial rewards. This paper explores the determinants of financial rewards of universities sourced from academic engagement through industry–university collaboration in South Korea. We have found that technology transfer per employees working at technology licensing offices, participation of engineering faculty, patent approvals, and the number of firms with incubators within universities significantly contributes to university revenues. The following determinants of financial performance are unexpectedly not contributors to revenue: technological commercialisation using technology transfer, distinguished faculty and incentive rules for inventors. In the light of these findings, it appears that an entrepreneurial university program is likely to play a strong role in university finances in Korea.
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| 45. |
- Han, Junghee, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation and SMEs patent propensity in Korea
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the patent propensity as an outcome of innovative activities of regional SMEs. To achieve the aims, we apply robust regression analysis to estimate the models to test 5 research hypotheses using 263 firm level data located at Gwangju region in Korea. Our empirical results show that a firm's industry characteristics, such as machinery and automotive parts industry, is negatively related with propensity to patent innovation. Also, unlike expectations, the InnoBiz firms designated as innovative SMEs by the government are not performing differently than general firms. Only the CEO's academic credentials are positively related with propensity to patent. From the findings, we can conclude that patenting propensity is not directly related with a firm's characteristics but mainly to CEO's managerial strategy. Also, we cannot find evidence for policy effectiveness from public support given to InnoBiz firms as part of the state policy to nurture photonic industry to boost regional economic development. Given the lack of strong policy effects, a new industry policy should be considered to actively promote SMEs innovativeness.
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| 46. |
- Han, Junghee, et al.
(författare)
-
Innovation and SMEs patent propensity in Korea
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1476-1297 .- 1741-8054. ; 42:1/2, s. 51-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, all inventions are patented. However, there are numerous innovative activities that do not come under the coverage of patent protection even though patenting an innovation in different contexts remains vital. This paper analyses patent propensity as an outcome of innovative activities of regional SMEs. To achieve this, it does a robust regression analysis to estimate models to test five research hypotheses related to patent propensity using 263 firms participating in collaborative R&D with universities located in the Gwangju region in Korea. The empirical results show that a CEO's academic qualifications are positively related to propensity to patent. The findings also show that a CEO's intention to pursue new knowledge through open innovations is more relevant for patent propensity than public incentive policy instruments for making SMEs innovative by adapting innovation manuals, including the number of patents.
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| 47. |
- Haouas, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
-
Can the UAE avoid the Oil Curse by Economic Diversification?
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. - 1450-2887. ; 144, s. 7-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper takes an in-depth look into the UAE economy as a model but also as a reminder of the struggles ahead. The findings support the fact that the UAE is facing an oil curse. Declining levels of total factor productivity, GDP volatility, negative returns on investment, and a labor force that is too reliant on government supply of jobs are among the many reasons that support the thesis. The UAE has made good progress in recent years to diversify its economy. However, the drivers of economic growth in the UAE are vulnerable to external shocks outside of the Emirate’s control. It is now critical that the UAE take steps to mitigate economic disruptions that might result from these shocks. In this case study the UAE economic performance is examined, and a data-driven roadmap for sustainable growth is suggested. The analysis shows that greater efforts are needed to stimulate the diversification of the production base by encouraging increased domestic, especially private, investment. Well-targeted policies should be adopted to accelerate reform and facilitate the involvement of the private sector in the economy.
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| 48. |
- Haouas, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
-
Economies of Scale in the Tunisian Industries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Economics and Finance. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9728 .- 1916-971X. ; 5:1, s. 48-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date, empirical investigations of trade liberalization, under the conditions of increasing returns to scale (IRS) and imperfect competition (IC), have either assumed or imposed the market and productive structures necessary for such a model. However, of the recent IRS/IC models used to simulate the effects of trade liberalization, none have empirically tested for the presence of increasing return to scale prior to the analysis. With Tunisian data (1971-2004) and rigorous test procedures, we investigate evidence of IRS at the industry level. Using an econometric approach based on the estimation of the translog cost function and its associated cost share equations, we identify the sectors characterized by increasing returns to scale. Analysis of the results shows that specification of the model is sensitive to inclusion of time trend representing technology. For most sectors, the model accounting for technology did not fit the data well.Estimation results without time trend interactions are different and most sectors show signs of increasing returns to scale.
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| 49. |
- Haouas, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
-
Labour demand, employment variance and efficiency in the Tunisian manufacturing industries
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. - : EuroJournals. - 1450-2887. ; 159, s. 100-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper specifies a flexible model of labour demand in Tunisian manufacturing industries. The model is further extended to incorporate a risk function part which allows identifying the determinants of both level and variations in employment. The risk function is important when designing public policies. It allows for the identification of industries suitable for targeting policies. The paper looks at the efficiency of the manufacturing industry in their choice of level of employment necessary to produce a given level of output. The results show that labour demand responds mostly to wages, followed by capital stock changes, and level of output.
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| 50. |
- Haouas, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of Arab Spring on hiring and separation rates in the Tunisian labour market
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses the hiring and separation rates in Tunisia before and after the Arab Spring of 2011. Several models are specified to study employment decisions based on quarterly administrative firm level data over the period of 2007 to 2012. The data provides information about important firm characteristics such as industry sector, number of hiring and separation, total employment effects and composition of labour force by gender, managerial level and age cohorts. Six models are estimated to investigate hiring, separation, hiring rate, separation rate, mobility, and net-employment. The results indicate presence of continued risk factors in Tunisia’s labour market resulting from the global financial crisis in 2008 and the Arab Spring in 2011. Hiring was little changed during this time period, and the results suggest that factors that impact separation decisions remained present in Tunisia’s labour market. In addition, the paper looks at various social issues such as youth unemployment and infer on how more efficient policy actions that will further engage the private sector could result in more sustainable positive net-employment and increased labour mobility.
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