| 61. |
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| 62. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of gender wage differential in China’s urban labor market
- 2017
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Ingår i: Singapore Economic Review. - : World Scientific. - 0217-5908. ; 62:2, s. 423-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper estimates the gender wage gap and its composition in China's urban labor market. The traditional Blinder–Oaxaca (1973) decomposition method with different weighing systems is employed. To correct for potential selection bias caused by women's labor force participation, we employ the Heckman's two-step procedure to estimate the female wage function. A large proportion of the gender wage gap is unexplained by differences of productive characteristics of individuals. Even though women have higher level of education attainments on average, they receive lower wages than men. Both facts suggest a potential discrimination against women in China.
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| 63. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Internet Usage Intensity in Iraq: An Ordered Logit Model
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology. - 2069-5934. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensity of Internet use is significantly influenced by government policies, people’s levels of income, education, employment and general development and economic conditions. Iraq has very low Internet usage levels compared to the region and the world. This study uses an ordered logit model to analyse the intensity of Internet use in Iraq. The results showed that economic reasons (internet cost and income level) were key cause for low level usage intensity rates. About 68% of the population revealed that Internet access at homes is costly. Thus, it is no wonder that Internet cafés is the most commonly used mode of Internet use followed by broadband and dial-up connections. Iraq has to develop proper strategies to enhance the rate of Internet use in the country. These strategies need to focus on decreasing internet access prices, increasing awareness about the importance of the technology and internet education in schools and universities.
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| 64. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Pay Inequality and its Impacts on Growth and Performance in the Korean Manufacturing Industry Post Asian Financial Crisis
- 2017
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Ingår i: UKH Journal of Social Sciences. - : University of Kurdistan Hewlêr. - 2520-7806. ; 1:1, s. 9-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the relationship between pay inequality, economic growth, and performance in Korea. Pay inequality is estimated by using Theil’s index to identify the factors determining the level of pay inequality, and establish its relationship with economic growth and performance. For the empirical results we use panel data on the Korean manufacturing sector for the period 1993 to 2003. It appears that a large portion of rising pay inequality can be attributed to rising relative pay among the small-sized firms, outside the capital city area and in the ICT sectors which were affected by the economic structural reform since 1997. The findings support the hypothesis of an “augmented” Kuznets Curve, according to which certain developed countries are found on an upward-sloping addendum to the original formulation of Kuznets.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the urban circular economy in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study proposes a general standard for the circular economy (CE), and estimates a multidimensional parametric index composed of eight components which is in line with the principles of a circular economy. The concept and index are used for evaluating the practices of a circular economy at the municipality level. The index is regressed on a number of indicators influencing the level and development of circular economy. The empirical analysis is based on data from 273 municipalities in Sweden observed 2012–18. The results suggest that there are significant differences between the municipalities in the CE index and its sub-components. Variations in the index's level are mainly attributed to their regional location, population size and density, concentration of industries, and investment programs in the circular economy's infrastructure. At a disaggregate level, the municipalities of Gotland, Härjedalen, and Mörbylånga performed well in the CE index. In contrast, Stockholm, Uppsala, and Burlöv municipalities had the lowest ranks in the CE index. The index had a growth rate of 9.7 percent over 7 years at an average annual growth rate of 1.3 percent. One policy implication of these results is that each municipality should implement a policy adapted to the sectorial structure of its economy and availability of resources. The central government should apply strict environmental regulations and provide necessary incentives for achieving environmental quality objectives. Incentive programs can target a wider application of technologies and policies used by the best performing municipalities and provide support in transferring knowledge and resources for strengthening the weak performing municipalities.
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| 67. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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Causality between Gross Domestic Product and Health Care Expenditure in the Augmented Solow’s Growth Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: UKH Journal of Social Sciences. - : University of Kurdistan Hewlêr. - 2520-7806. ; 2:2, s. 19-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines conditional convergence of OECD countries in gross domestic product (GDP) and health care expenditure (HCE) per capita. It extends the augmented Solow model by incorporating health capital to explain variations in output and expenditure per capita across countries. The issue of causality between GDP and HCE is investigated. The results show that HCE has positive effect on the economic growth and the speed of convergence. In the HCE model a regression of the speed of convergence on variables determining the rate of convergence show close link to the variables characterising the health care system of sample countries.
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| 68. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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Conditional and unconditional inequality and growth relationships
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics Letters. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-4851 .- 1466-4291. ; 13:14, s. 925-931
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tests the conditional and unconditional relationship between income inequality and growth in the post-Second World War period using WIDER inequality database. Regression results suggest that income inequality is declining over time. Inequality is also declining in growth of income. There is a significant regional heterogeneity in the levels and development of inequality over time. The Kuznets hypothesis represents a global U-shape relationship between inequality and growth.
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| 69. |
- Heshmati, Almas, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of ICT to the economic growth of China
- 2010
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Ingår i: Business, finance and economics of China. - Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781607412991 ; , s. 67-91
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The view of the systematic irrationality of investors and investment managers in reference to investment in information and communication technology (ICT) despite ICT’s apparent lack of effect on productivity growth is called the productivity paradox. Research suggests that ICT investment return is significant and positive in developed nations but not in developing nations. This chapter challenges the above conclusion by examining the contribution of ICT to the economic growth of China. We investigate the relationship between total factor productivity (HP) growth and ICT capital and provide estimation of the returns on ICT investment. The contribution of ICT to economic growth has not yet been studied for developing countries like China. The empirical results suggest that China has reaped the benefits of ICT investment. The policy implications for Chinese ICT investment and development are also discussed. The results add to our understanding of how ICT affects growth in the context of economic development.
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| 70. |
- Heshmati, Almas
(författare)
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Demand, Customer Base-Line And Demand Response In The Electricity Market: A Survey
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of economic surveys (Print). - : Wiley. - 0950-0804 .- 1467-6419. ; 28:5, s. 862-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing use of demand-side management, as a tool to reliably meet electricity demands at peak time, has stimulated interest among researchers, consumers and producer organiza-tions, managers, regulators and policymakers. This research reviews the growing literature on models which are used to study demand, customer base-line (CBL) and demand response in the electricity market. After characterizing the general demand models, the CBL, based on which the demand response models are studied, is reviewed. Given the experience gained from the review and existing conditions, the study combines an appropriate model for each case for a possible application to the electricity market; moreover, it discusses the implications of the results. In the literature, these aspects are studied independently. The main contribution of this survey is attributed to the treatment of the three issues as sequentially interdependent. The review is expected to enhance the understanding of the demand, CBL and demand response in the electricity market and their relationships. The objective is conducted through a combination of demand and supply side managements in order to reduce demand through different demand response programs during peak times. This enables electricity suppliers to save costly electricity generation and at the same time reduce energy vulnerability.
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