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  • Hornborg, Alf, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying ecologically unequal exchange in the world-system : Implications for development
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: A Modern Guide to Uneven Economic Development. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781788976534 - 9781788976541 ; , s. 367-388
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This chapter presents the theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE). The theory explains asymmetric transfers of non-monetary, biophysical resources and environmental harms between different countries or regions. The chapter provides a cursory review of the literature on methods for empirically identifying such asymmetries and testing hypotheses derived from the theory. To identify EUE requires that other metrics than money are used to measure objective biophysical phenomena. In mainstream economics, such a physical concept of unequal exchange suggests an oxymoron, as market exchange assessed in monetary terms is equal by definition. However, to describe market exchange in terms of the flows of physical resources is not to suggest that such resources should be considered measures of value. EUE theory rejects approaches that posit the existence of objective values that are underpaid on the market, or propose that ecological degradation can be conceptualised using a monetary metric. In the most general sense, EUE reflects the displacement of entropy from economic core areas onto their peripheries. Among the specific metrics and methodologies mentioned are measures of embodied land, materials, energy, labour, water, biodiversity loss, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
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  • Hornborg, Alf, et al. (författare)
  • Introduction: Ecologically unequal exchange and ecological debt
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Political Ecology. - 1073-0451. ; 23:1, s. 328-333
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article introduces a Special Section on Ecologically Unequal Exchange (EUE), an underlying source of most of the environmental distribution conflicts in our time. The nine articles discuss theories, methodologies, and empirical case studies pertaining to ecologically unequal exchange, and address its relationship to ecological debt.
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  • Hornborg, Alf (författare)
  • Machines as manifestations of global systems : Implications for a sociometabolic ontology of technology
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Anthropological Theory. - : SAGE Publications. - 1741-2641 .- 1463-4996. ; 21:2, s. 206-227
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Anthropologists have generally found it reasonable to understand the Industrial Revolution in Britain as a product of global historical processes including colonialism and the structure of world trade. The extent to which the industrialization of British textile production was contingent on global processes has been illuminated in detail by historians such as Joseph Inikori. Andre Gunder Frank proposed that we should reconceptualize technological development as a ‘world economic process, which took place in and because of the structure of the world economy’. Yet the theoretical implications of understanding industrial technological systems as global and unevenly distributed phenomena have, by and large, not contaminated mainstream conceptions of technologies as politically neutral and fundamentally innocent manifestations of enlightenment, detachable from the societal contexts in which they have emerged. Social theory nevertheless offers perspectives for a radical rethinking of this conventional ontology of modern technology. If the premises of actor–network theory, material culture studies, Marxism and poststructuralist critiques of power and inequalities are combined with the perspectives of ecological economics on global social metabolism, the fossil-fuelled textile factories of 19th-century Britain can be reinterpreted as social instruments for appropriating embodied human labour and natural space from elsewhere in the global system. A renewed ‘anthropology of technology’ might focus on the observation that technology is not simply a matter of putting nature to work, but a strategy of putting other sectors of global society to work
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