| 51. |
- Gifford, Ethan, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent do external sources of knowledge affect the innovative performance of knowledge intensive entrepreneurial firms? The effects of depth and breadth of openness on manufacturing and service innovations
- 2015
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Ingår i: DRUID Society conference 2015, Rome, June 15-17. ; 2015:2466
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the effects of breadth and depth of external knowledge sourcing on the innovativeness of a specific classification of organization, the knowledge intensive entrepreneurial (KIE) firm. This type of firm has been observed as being critically important to growth and development in modern economies, yet how it uses external knowledge sources for innovation has received little direct attention in the literature. Using data from the EU?s recent AEGIS project, investigating knowledge intensive entrepreneurship in Europe covering just over 4000 entrepreneurial firms, this paper uses fractional logit models, as well as an OLS model based on alternating least squares optimal scaling (ALSOS), to estimate the relationship between breadth and depth of external knowledge sourcing and that of innovative performance of the KIE firm. We find that breadth is curvi-linearly related to innovative performance in KIE firms, but that depth, while related to innovativeness, does not assume this functional form. Additionally, a principal components analysis reveals that non-industry sources of knowledge in the form of state, national, or regional research-based or academic entities, as well as knowledge in the form of academic and trade publications, are statistically significant/relevant as external sources of knowledge for innovation in KIE firms. Industry sources of knowledge such as clients, customers, and supplier are statistically significant sources only for innovation in goods, not in terms of innovation in services, or novelty of innovations produced. Recommendations for future research and policy implications are provided based on these findings.
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| 52. |
- Hermanson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Organising an early phase of academic engagement: a case study of interactions between engineering and equestrian sports
- 2021
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Ingår i: Innovation: Organization & Management. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1447-9338 .- 2204-0226. ; 23:2, s. 266-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the underlying processes of initiating academic engagement, seen from the university perspective. We do so through a longitudinal case study, of the university, Chalmers, and specifically around the engineering subjects, and the development of such relationships with a sector with few such traditions, namely equestrian sports. In terms of how the chosen university has worked to initiate academic engagement, we find, in contrast to existing literature, how, what we call researcher-teachers, primarily used students to engage with a variety of external organisations, rather than relying on research excellence. University management offered support and made small investments. In terms of perceived benefits, the researcher-teachers, university managers and students all stressed positive reputational benefits, especially attracting female students into engineering and diffusing engineering knowledge in society. Acknowledging the limitations of our study, three propositions for future research are to conceptualise the university as providing knowledge-intensive services, to explore the potential involvement of university management, and to articulate different phases of academic engagement.
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| 53. |
- McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing innovation governance readiness in regenerative medicine: lessons learned from the Macchiarini crisis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Regenerative Medicine. - London : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1746-0751 .- 1746-076X. ; 16:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The generation and clinical adoption of workable therapies in regenerative medicine has been slow, despite its alleged potential to relieve suffering and improve health outcomes. This has been explained by a fundamental difference between advanced cell and gene therapies and conventional drug- and device-based therapies, raising questions about how the readiness of existing healthcare systems to adopt such therapies can be evaluated and improved. In this paper, we use the lessons learned from the Macchiarini crisis at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden to take the first step in formulating the concept of innovation governance readiness. We propose it as a tool to help evaluate and improve the ability of private, public and civil society actors to work together to build and put into practice therapies based on emerging medical technologies such as regenerative medicine.
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| 54. |
- McKelvey, Maureen, 1965-
(författare)
-
Evolutionary innovation : Early industrial uses of genetic engineering
- 1994
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Based on an analysis of biological and economic theories of evol~tion, this dissertation first specifies evolutionary innovation and then uses it toanalyze early industrial uses of genetic engineering. Innovation refers totechnological innovation processes, i.e. series of innovative activitiesresulting in technical change. An evolutionary pattern of technical changewould include multiple innovative activities; transmission and retention ofknowledge and techniques among the population of agents which innovates; selection of technical alternatives in response to environmental conditions; and an assumption of non-optimization.This theoretical foundation is confronted with historical case studies. Inparticular, the comparison focuses on the American biotech firm Genentech and the Swedish pharmaceutical firm Kabi as they developed genetic engineering as the basis of production for the pharmaceutical human growth hormone. These are two of the earliest industrial uses of genetic engineering and required significant scientific research as well as both radical and incremental technical developments. The period analyzed is from scientific research using genetic engineering in the late 1970s to government approval of the pharmaceuticals in the mid-1980s. These chapters analyze how and why innovative agents generated novelty and diversity; how and why they selected technical alternatives; and/or influenced the environmental conditions.The co;,cluding chapter re-analyzes the historical materiaL Finally, basedon- the perspective of evolutionary and eo-evolutionary innovation, five special issues relevant to research on technological innovation are addressed, namely: 1) Radical versus incremental changes; 2) Lock-in of incremental trajectories within firms; 3) Capability or perception to generate novelty; 4) Environments, agents, and innovative activities; and 5) Cross stimulus of scientific research and technical development.
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| 55. |
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| 56. |
- McKelvey, Maureen, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring innovation Spaces in Asia
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Schumpeter Conference, Jena, Germany, 27-30 July 2014. ; 2014:D11, s. 1-20
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to provide an empirical understanding and initial conceptualization of innovation spaces in Asia, including the role of multinational enterprises, entrepreneurship and public policy. This paper is about Asia as the site of business, where customers, institutions, and firms, both domestic and foreign, are interacting to affect global processes of innovation and production. www.schumpeter-conference.de
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| 57. |
- Perkmann, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Benefiting from Institutional Complexity: How Organizations Engage with Minority Logics
- 2015
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Ingår i: Academy of Management. Annual Meeting Proceedings. - 2151-6561. ; AOM:2015, s. 1-25
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Institutional complexity – being simultaneously exposed to multiple institutional logics – is commonly perceived as a challenge for organizations. We argue that, contrary to this assumption, complexity also represents an opportunity for organizations to accrue benefits and hence they may strategically expose themselves to institutional complexity. Using an inductive study of university-industry research centers, we illustrate how research universities obtained benefits by embracing a minority logic (the commercial logic) while remaining committed to their dominant logic (the academic logic). This was achieved by creating special boundary spaces where institutional complexity was carefully managed. We find that minority logic engagement occurs via three mechanisms: (a) logics leveraging whereby dominant logic practices are used to achieve minority logic objectives; (b) creating a minority logic capability confined to a boundary space; and (c) managing compatibility with the dominant logic through the maintenance of a dominant logic representation in the boundary space. Throughout this process, the presence of hybrid leaders who are steeped in both logics is vital as they put the above mechanisms in place and maintain them over time.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Assmus, Anne, et al.
(författare)
-
How do personal networks affect successful drug development? An analysis of scientists networks in clinical trials
- 2016
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Ingår i: 16th International Schumpeter Conference, Montreal, Canada, 5th-8th July 2016.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The question of how to increase the efficiency and success of clinical research has gained considerable interest in recent years among researchers and managers of pharmaceutical companies, hospitals and healthcare organizations. This is part of a broader debate on the reorganization of the industry’s clinical research activities in order to decrease high attrition rates and foster clinical trial success, given the increasing costs associated with drug development (DiMasi et al., 2016; Munos, 2009; FDA, 2004). Principal investigators (PIs) - i.e., the lead scientists of clinical trials - are expected to have a major influence on key factors for successful clinical research. On the one hand, they bring in expertise in both basic and clinical research (Assmus and Haeussler, 2015); and on the other hand, they are embedded in social networks reflecting the collective nature of innovative and scientific activities (Oettl, 2012). Advocates of sparse network structures emphasize its opportunities for brokerage and for knowledge creation (McFadyen et al., 2009; Fleming et al., 2007; Burt, 2004); while a different stream of literature argues that network closure is more conducive to knowledge creation since it allows for the transfer of complex and sensitive knowledge (Reagans and McEvily, 2003). However, this debate has largely ignored the importance of the actors’ knowledge domains (Kilduff and Brass, 2010). We contribute to the literature by analyzing how the predominant knowledge domains of PIs affect the benefits obtained from by the network structure. More precisely, we analyze how the interplay between PIs’ scientific specialization into different knowledge domains in terms of publications in basic or clinical research journals and the structure of their networks in terms of brokerage and closure affect the outcome of clinical trials.
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| 60. |
- Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha, et al.
(författare)
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Business strategy and innovation spaces in Asia
- 2013
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Ingår i: Conference Business strategy and innovation spaces in Asia.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a conceptual framework for why business strategy is related to the context of expanding market and technological opportunities in Asia. This paper was presented at the conference: Business strategy and innovation spaces in Asia was held in Gothenburg, Sweden, organized by IIE, 20-22 Feb 2013.
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