| 51. |
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| 52. |
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| 53. |
- Bogojevic, Sanja, et al.
(författare)
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Global imbalances in climate protection, leadership ambitions and EU climate change law
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global imbalances and the EU. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781784716721 ; , s. 89-108
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The message conveyed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is clear: the global climate crisis has arrived (e.g., IPCC, 2007, 2014). It is commonly understood that responding to this crisis requires coordinated actions at a global level (Weischer et al., 2012, p. 117; Kulovesi, 2012, p. 193). Attempts to slow down the increase in global temperature, as well as to organize and exchange climate adjustment strategies across jurisdictions, are thus negotiated and coordinated within the framework of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC). Almost 200 countries are parties to the resulting protocols, and finding consensus on issues such as who needs to make emissions cuts, which sectors and sources to include, has proven challenging (Bodansky and Rajamani, 2013). For instance, Canada, India and until recently also the United States and China have rejected emissions targets established through international negotiations altogether, while less than 40 countries, including the European Union and its member states, are subject to these (Bodansky, 2011). For certain non-committing parties, this may be in line with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities as incorporated in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (see Principle 7 in Rajamani, 2000) but the point in this chapter is not to address the equity of the imbalance in assuming responsibility for climate issues; rather, the focal point here is that this imbalance signifies that only a small percentage of global greenhouse gas emissions are covered by climate protocol norms.
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| 54. |
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| 55. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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Does foreign direct investment replace home country investment? The effect of European integration on the location of Swedish investment
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Common Market Studies. - : Wiley. - 0021-9886 .- 1468-5965. ; 38:2, s. 199-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of European integration on the location of investments by Swedish multinational corporations (MNCs). Evidence is presented about the extent to which European integration has attracted investment by Swedish MNCs, and whether foreign direct investment (FDI) is being undertaken at the expense of home country investment. In the empirical analysis, involving both OLS and iterative SUR techniques, a significant difference across industries has been confirmed. A substitutionary relationship between foreign and home country investment is found for more R&D-intensive production, whereas the opposite pattern seems to prevail for production based on traditional comparative advantage. The results of this study emphasize the importance of using disaggregated industry-level data when analysing the effects of foreign direct investment on home country investment.
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| 56. |
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| 57. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Domestic and Outward Foreign Direct Investment : The Role of Industry-Specific Effects
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Business Review. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0969-5931 .- 1873-6149. ; 14:6, s. 677-694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has been inconclusive as regards the effect of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic investments. In this article, we show that this inconclusiveness can be explained at a disaggregated level as a function of the way industries are organized. Based on a simple theoretical framework including monitoring and trade costs, we argue that a complementary relationship can be expected to prevail in vertically integrated industries, whereas a substitutionary relationship can be expected in horizontally organized production. The empirical analysis confirms a significant difference between the two categories of industry as regards the impact of outward FDI on domestic investment. The results may thus have profound policy implications.
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| 58. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Domestic and Outward ForeignInvestment Revisited : The Impact of Industry-Specific Effects
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ambiguity reported in previous research as regards the effect of foreign direct investment(FDI) on domestic investments is shown to be related to how industries are organized. Basedon a simple model including monitoring and trade costs, we argue that a complementaryrelationship should prevail in vertically integrated industries, whereas a substitutionaryrelationship can be expected in horizontally organized production. Applying iterative SURtechnique,the empirical analysis confirms a significant difference between the two categoriesof industries. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to reconcile the inconclusivenessreported in previous empirical analyses.
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| 59. |
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Bridging the Prosperity Gap in the EU : The Social Challenge Ahead
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bridging the Prosperity Gap in the EU addresses the great social challenge currently facing the European Union. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the authors invaluably pinpoint both overarching problems and possibilities associated with the social dimension of European integration. Prominent researchers of economics, law and political science tackle this complex issue, providing new solutions within their respective fields of expertise. The chapters cover crucial policy challenges and analyse fundamental mechanisms that limit, or otherwise affect, the evolution of a European social dimension. These insights clarify the far-reaching measures that will be needed to gradually restore the balance between market integration and social protection across the European Union. Illustrating the importance of cohesion, this book is vital for those interested in comparative European studies, from backgrounds in public and social policy, law and economics.
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| 60. |
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Bridging the prosperity gap in the EU : The social challenge ahead
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the authors invaluably pinpoint both overarching problems and possibilities associated with the social dimension of European integration. Prominent researchers of economics, law and political science tackle this complex issue, providing new solutions within their respective fields of expertise. Illustrating the importance of cohesion, this book is vital for those interested in comparative European studies, from backgrounds in public and social policy, law and economics.
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