| 265131. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie
(författare)
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A green revolution in sub-Saharan Africa? The transformation of Ethiopia's agricultural sector
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of International Development. - : Wiley. - 0954-1748 .- 1099-1328. ; 33:2, s. 277-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the widespread pessimism about African agriculture has receded, policies for a green revolution in Africa are again called for. This study explores the presence of a national-level green revolution in Ethiopia and finds that an Ethiopian green revolution has taken place since the mid-1990s, mainly among staple-growing smallholders in agroecologically favourable areas and that the state has played a central role in this transformation via public spending on agriculture. It concludes that there is scope for states in today's low-income countries to take a leading role in the transformation of their agricultural sectors.
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| 265132. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie
(författare)
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Agriculture for Development in the 21st Century : Evidence from Ethiopia
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 21st century has seen a rise of optimism about the prospects for African economic development, and Ethiopia, with its rapideconomic growth in the last two decades, is at the forefront of this current wave of optimism. The rapid growth has been achievedunder a policy focus on the agricultural sector – another aspect of development that has seen a renewed wave of optimism in the21st century. Recovering from two decades of neglect in the 1980s and 1990s, the role of the agricultural sector in economic growth has again risen to the top of the development agenda among many scholars, policymakers, and donors. This forms the starting point of this thesis, which uses Ethiopia’s rapid, but so far relatively short, growth experience as a case to study three aspects of development: the role of the agricultural sector for economic development in today’s low-income countries; the likelihood of that the current growth episode in Ethiopia will turn into sustained economic growth; and the role of the state in both agricultural and sustained economic growthFour main findings emerge from the research. First, that Ethiopia has undergone a “Green Revolution”, defined as a specific caseof agricultural development where crop output and crop yields double at the national level in under 25 years (Paper 2). Second,that agricultural growth has been central to the aggregate growth given Ethiopia’s economic structure (Paper 3) and, thereby, thatthe renewed interest in agriculture-for-development seems warranted (Paper 1). Third, that the state has a large role in igniting agricultural growth, especially via agricultural public spending (Paper 2), and in sustaining economic growth (Paper 4). Fourth and lastly, the thesis finds that while a focus on agricultural growth as a means to achieve aggregate economic growth can be warranted during the initial phases of development (Paper 3), rapid agricultural growth does not automatically translate into sustainedgrowth. This is instead conditioned by a country’s social capability, as defined and discussed in Paper 4. The thesis contributes to the previous literature by lending support to the large body of work arguing that the agricultural sector is important for initial economic growth in low-income countries, and by addressing the importance of both public spending and of a country’s social capability for agricultural and aggregate growth. It also provides three purpose-built datasets to the literature: on agricultural production and agricultural public spending in Ethiopia 1994-2018; on four elements of Ethiopia’s social capability 1950-2019; and on the bibliometric trends of the literature on the role of agriculture in economic growth 1969-2015. Based on the findings emerging from the thesis’s four papers, the thesis concludes that the agricultural sector continues to be animportant engine of growth in today’s low-income countries, and that there is scope for states to take a leading role both in thetransformation of the agricultural sector and on the path to sustained economic growth.
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| 265133. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie
(författare)
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Agriculture for Economic Development in Africa Evidence from Ethiopia
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- The twenty-frst century has seen the concurrent rise of optimism about economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa and the return of the agricultural sector to the top of the development agenda. Ethiopia—with its rapid economic growth for two decades, achieved during a policy focus on the agricultural sector—is at the forefront of both these developments. This chapter introduces the book’s main theme of the role of agriculture in economic development, which is addressed based on a case study of Ethiopia.
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| 265134. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Between the Engine and the Fifth Wheel : An Analytical Survey of the Shifting Roles of Agriculture in Development Theory
- 2017
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the last decade, attention to agricultural development in less developed countries has increased. However, two opposing views on its role in economic development exist within the scholarly debate, either as a potential engine for economic growth or as a fifth wheel unlikely to generate transformative growth. Taking these contrary opinions as a point of departure, this paper reviews the origins of prominent views of the role of agriculture in development theory. Next it bibliometrically assesses the pattern of fluctuating scholarly attention to agriculture, and attempts to understand the reasons behind this pattern. The paper identifies four influential views on agriculture in development theory; five distinct phases of ups and downs in the scholarly attention to agriculture and discusses five potential reasons behind these fluctuations.
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| 265135. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie
(författare)
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Is this time different? : Social capability and catch-up growth in Ethiopia, 1950–2020
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of International Development. - : Wiley. - 1099-1328 .- 0954-1748. ; 34:7, s. 1259-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores whether Ethiopia's rapid economic growth is transformative enough for the country to eventually catch up with high-income countries. It does so by exploring the change and continuity of four elements of social capability from 1950 to 2020: structural transformation, economic inclusion and the state's autonomy and accountability. It finds that Ethiopia's social capability modestly strengthened until the mid-1970s, then weakened until the early 2000s, and has since strengthened again. However, the level of inclusion has been persistently low. In conclusion, although there are grounds for optimism, limited economic inclusion is a key concern for future catch-up growth.
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| 265136. |
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| 265137. |
- Rohne Till, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Transformation and resilience in times of change: A historical perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Technological Forecasting and Social Change. - 0040-1625. ; 206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our current historical moment is marked by a widespread sense of (ongoing and anticipated) crises, prompting calls to change existing economic, political, social, and environmental systems. This discourse has directed increased scholarly and policy-orientated attention to the concepts of “transformation” and “resilience.” However, beyond attention, these concepts have increasingly adopted a place in rationales for policy action and measurements of its success, highlighting the need for conceptual clarity. In light of this, this paper reviews the use of transformation and resilience in the literature. These concepts appear across a broad spectrum of research fields, ranging from the natural to the social sciences. However, definitions and contexts vary broadly, further underlining the need for clarity. In this paper, we delve specifically into two disciplines: science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy research and economic history. Although unified in their explicit concern with societal change, the disciplines' different understandings of such change, particularly temporal aspects, offer fertile ground for exploring the divergent understandings, uses, and definitions of transformation and resilience in the literature. Through this work, the paper makes two main contributions. First, it produces a nuanced review of how the literature employs the concepts of transformation and resilience. Second, it offers an analysis of how transformation and resilience can be understood in relation to each other from a historical perspective. By historically anchoring these concepts while acknowledging that every time is different, the paper also offers some policy guidance on a key challenge of our era: how to successfully govern resilience and transformation in times of change.
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| 265138. |
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| 265139. |
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| 265140. |
- Rohner, Jean-Christophe
(författare)
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Biases in Visual Selective Attention : Trait Anxious Individuals Avert Their Gaze From Unpleasant Stimuli
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive models of anxiety postulate that anxious individuals are inclined to pay more attention to negative than to positive emotional visual stimuli. The main aim of the present dissertation was to test this prediction, employing a measure of the direction of gaze. In studies I, II and III the participants were shown pairs of angry and happy faces on a screen. In Study IV the stimuli were pleasant and unpleasant pictures. None of the studies could confirm the hypothesis of a positive relation between anxiety and the tendency to orient one’s attention towards unpleasant stimuli. In studies I and III, anxious individuals were instead found to avert their gaze from angry faces. A meta-analysis of Studies I, II, III and IV, with a total of 405 participants, suggested the same conclusion, even if Studies II and IV failed to show such an effect. A review of the empirical evidence on anxiety and visual selective attention raised the possibility that other experiments have confounded stimulus emotionality and stimulus valence, and that the results from these experiments are consistent with the notion that anxiety is connected with a tendency to pay more attention to emotional stimuli (positive and negative), rather than to a tendency to pay more attention to negative stimuli. The present studies considered this potential confound and found that anxious individuals avert their gaze from negative stimuli, more than from positive stimuli. Study III also showed that an individual can avert his or her gaze from the position of angry faces without having any conscious knowledge of doing so.
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