| 3621. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Police Investigations of Child Abuse Material - Challenges and Possibilities with Digital Technology
- 2019
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Ingår i: 24th UK Academy for Information Systems International Conference Proceeding. Oxford, UK, April, 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and use of digital technology have profoundly changed the circumstances for people involved in the production, distribution and possession of child abuse material. One the one hand, the technology can be used for illegal activities such as the production, distribution and possession of child abuse material. On the other hand, the technology can be used as a tool to combat and investigate these crimes. Child abuse material constitutes crime evidence portraying committed sexual abuse of children. Law enforcement should therefore focus their efforts on identifying both the offender and the victim involved in the creation of the material. Traditionally law enforcement agencies have focused their efforts on the offenders that have been in focus for identification, prosecution and often also for rehabilitation. Thus, law enforcement has devoted resources towards convictions for the distribution and possession of child abuse material rather than attempting to identify and protect the children in the material. The main purpose with this research in progress paper is to explore how digital technology affects police investigations of child abuse material with a particular focus upon victim identification within the wider investigation work. Empirical material has been collected through semi-structured interviews with police investigators.
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| 3622. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Re-litigating the ‘Alexandra’ Case
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Children and online Sexual Violence Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3623. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Regulation & Online Environments
- 2003
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Ingår i: Sutter et al (eds) Controlling Information in the Online Environments, the 18th Bileta Annual Conference London.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3624. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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‘Secret Data Interception’ and its implications for privacy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surveillance & Society Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging technologies are laying the ground for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude we have not seen before. This study focuses on the implementation of the new Swedish law 'the Secret Data Interception' which means that the police and other law enforcement authorities now have been given an extended mandate to use powerful surveillance capabilities as part of their government work. The law gives the police the right to secretly enter e.g. computers, mobile telephones or user accounts for storage or communication services for reading or recording data contained in the physical equipment or service and allowing the activation of a camera or microphone in a technical device to capture sounds or images from a suspect but with risks that also non-suspects can be included. The introduction of the law is motivated by more effective law enforcement and increased security, while there is a strong concern for citizens' privacy as this gives the state a legal right to far-reaching surveillance and control. According to current law, the police and other law enforcement authorities are always obliged to weigh their need and interest against citizens' right to strong privacy protection. The following two questions have guided this study: (i) What implications does the new law have for citizens’ privacy? (ii) How do law enforcement authorities ensure strong privacy protection for citizens when using secret data interception?
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| 3625. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Sexual Grooming: Mind the Gaps in the Swedish Legal Response
- 2010
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Ingår i: IFIP Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Law enforcement agencies are currently concerned with the increasing number of reported cases of sexual grooming of children conducted through ICT. Grooming is a topical example of harmful use of modern technology. This paper critically discusses whether the recent implemented Swedish so called ‘grooming legislation’ could be seen as an effective approach to effectively regulate such behaviour. The paper is based upon court and police records illustrating authentic grooming behaviour and in addition a Detective Inspector has been interviewed to obtain the police view of the phenomenon. The paper presents identified limitations with the new Swedish offence and argue that a combination of legal and technological regulation models is needed to be able to tackle the issue of grooming effectively.
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| 3626. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Social media and sexual grooming of children
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) Children-Youth-Media (CYM), September, 2019, Spain..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern technology, such as social media, has transformed the ways people communicate and interact with each other in our contemporary digital society. The technology enables opportunities to establish contacts between peoples in new ways and to communicate with those known and unknown to them. We know from previous research that social media plays an important role for children when establishing relations with other people. Not least since it offers real-time communication and interaction which is popular and frequented used among children. On the one hand, there are a number of benefits and opportunities with using social media for establishing contacts, on the other hand children’s use of social media is also associated with concern for serious risks and threats. Sexual grooming is a highly topical example of how social media can be used in harmful ways to exploit children in our digital society. The term grooming refers to the process used by offenders to get in contact with children for sexual purposes. The process consists of a variety of manipulative and controlling strategies where the offender attempts to establish trust with the child, get emotional control over the child, normalise sexually harmful and illegal behaviour in order to lower the child’s resistance to engage in such activities and to prevent the risk of being disclosed. Grooming has been the principal approach of facilitating sexual abuse for a very long time and can be used both to enable the first abuse but also to enable for abuse to continue over time. It can take different expressions where the offender, through different strategies, induces the child to take part in sexual conversations, sending sexual images, posing in front of a web camera, conducting sexual activities in front of a web camera or mobile phone camera. Even though, that sexual grooming of children existed long before the advent of modern technology, recent technological innovations have created new ways for conducting grooming. Technology such as social media provides opportunities for individuals with a sexual interest in children to search for and get in contact with potential victims, the technology holds certain features that enables for individuals to easier conceal the real identity and portray in a way that better fit the purpose. In addition, the technology facilitates real-time communication and interaction with a large number of persons despite geographical distances. There have been several cases in Sweden where the offenders have established contact with children by using social media and used a variety of grooming strategies with the overall aim of facilitating sexual exploitation and abuse that have occurred exclusively online or in a combination of both online and offline. The aim of this paper is to explore how social media have been used by offenders for the sexual grooming of children. Empirically, the paper is based on court records from three high-profile grooming cases in Sweden (2017, 2018, 2019) that received a lot of public attention. These three cases are of special interest for the aim of this paper since they illustrate the offenders’ grooming behaviour to get in contact with a large number of children. The paper ends with a short reflection whether the Swedish legislation aiming to prevent and regulate ‘grooming behaviour’ could be seen as effective and useful for law enforcement to protect children. Finally, the paper makes an important contribution to the understanding of serious risks and threats that children could encounter when using social media. It makes theoretical and practical contributions to current debates surrounding use and regulation of technology and child protection in our digital society.
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| 3627. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Studie över polisens praktik gällande offeridentifiering av övergreppsmaterial i det digitala samhället
- 2016
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Ingår i: Brottsoffermyndighetens Forskarkonferens 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En central del av polisens arbete gällande övergreppsmaterial av barn bör bestå av offeridentifiering för att säkerställa skydd för det utsatta barnet. Den allvarliga problematiken gällande övergreppsmaterial är inget nytt fenomen som digital teknologi de facto skapat, men den ökande digitaliseringen i samhället har emellertid drastiskt förändrat förutsättningarna för individer med sexuellt intresse av barn att producera, distribuera och komma åt övergreppsmaterial. Den ökade tillgången och volymen av digitalt övergreppsmaterial har gett upphov till stora utmaningar för polisen och ställer nya krav på att organisera arbetet med offeridentifiering. Det är mot den bakgrunden som projektet tar sitt avstamp och syftar till att utveckla kunskapen om polisens praktik där offeridentifiering i relation till övergreppsmaterial sker. Projektet är intresserat av hur praktiken konstrueras, organiseras och dess konsekvenser i form av spänningar, problem och utmaningar. Ett viktigt fokus för projektet är att utveckla kunskap kring hur praktiken ser ut idag samt identifiera hur den kan och bör utvecklas för att bli mer effektiv. Projektet studeras genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Majoriteten av intervjuerna kommer ske med poliser verksamma i Sverige men även ett antal poliser verksamma vid Interpol kommer att intervjuas för att inkludera ett bredare internationellt perspektiv hur man bör arbeta effektivt med dessa frågor. Dessutom kommer även ett antal andra personer inom rättsväsendet inkluderas.
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| 3628. |
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| 3629. |
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| 3630. |
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