| 51. |
- Granstrand, Ove, 1944
(författare)
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Towards a Theory of Innovation Governance and the Role of IPRs
- 2020
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Ingår i: GRUR International. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2632-8550 .- 2632-8623. ; 69:4, s. 341-354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper theorizes about innovation governance, especially about governance of open innovation and the nature and role of IPRs. A reinterpretation of open innovation is offered in terms of the emergence of various types of markets for inputs to and outputs from innovative activities. These open innovation markets are typically markets for ideas, technologies, knowledge and data such as licensing markets, equity markets, and matching markets for innovation collaborations and correspond to various types of open innovation strategies viewed from the inside out in a focal firm's perspective. Open innovation-seen as a set of quasi-integrated organizational forms for innovative activities in between market and hierarchical firm organizations-is then explainable in terms of determinants of supply and demand. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) then play a new role as tools for innovation governance, thereby economizing on governance costs in an extended transaction cost framework. Licensing of usage rights is key to using IPRs for innovation governance. The by now standard property rights approach to rights in intellectual resources has to be challenged, however, and referred to as 'intellectual rights' rather than IPRs. In addition, the governing role of IPRs can be improved by combining them with liabilities into a hybrid approach. Organizational responsibilities provide still another institutional arrangement for innovation governance, and integration of rights, liabilities and responsibilities provide a new theoretical perspective on innovation governance-a perspective that also can provide links between organization theory, transaction cost economics and property rights theory.
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| 52. |
- Herzfeld Olsson, Petra, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Concluding remarks
- 2016
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Ingår i: National Effects of the Implementation of EU Directives on Labour Migration from Thrid Countries. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 9789041162571 ; , s. 217-241, s. 209-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 53. |
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| 54. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983
(författare)
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Innovation and Intellectual Property: Strategic IP Management and Economics of Technology
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innovations and technological developments have been recognized for their central importance for economic success and growth at least since the 1930s. Intellectual property (IP) and intellectual property rights (IPRs), such as patents, trade secret rights, and copyrights, have during more recent decades caught increasing attention, and, mainly due to various developments at macro level, IP has become an important source of competitive advantage at micro level in many industries. This has led to an increased importance of strategic IP management, and the related research field has been growing since the late 1990s. This thesis aims to contribute to this growing field, and the first purpose of this thesis is to explore and explain strategic and innovation related IP management practices, and the managerial and economic consequences of such practices. Apart from the growing importance of IP management in general, an increased focus on open and collaborative approaches for creating innovations has led to a need for new and adapted IP management skills. The second purpose of this thesis is therefore to develop managerial and economic frameworks, models, and tools to be used in the intersection between IP management and open innovation practices. These purposes are addressed in a cover paper and six appended research papers of theoretical/conceptual as well as of empirical nature, being based on interviews, questionnaires, patent statistics, and document studies.In connection to the first purpose the results show that, while many small firms have problems with properly benefitting from the patent system, large firms have increasingly developed their IP strategies, especially their patent strategies. The purpose is then not only to appropriate monopolistic returns from innovations but also to govern various forms of open innovation. Large firms were found to in a first step increase their patenting (in terms of quantity), and in a second step focus more on selective, quality-oriented, and internationalized patenting. Additional results show that the internationalization leads to a convergence in managerial choices of output markets for patenting worldwide, in parallel with market and technology diversification. Further, a case from mobile telecommunications illustrates the role of IP management in the governance of open innovation systems. Finally, two cases from the automotive industry illustrate the IP-related problems that arise in connection to divestments and other types of disintegrations (‘IP disassembly problems’), and how IP management can mitigate them.This leads to the second purpose, related to the development of models, tools, and frameworks for IP management in relation to open innovation. First, the thesis provides a conceptual framework of innovation openness, especially pinpointing the role of IPRs. This framework emphasizes three key dimensions of innovation openness: resource distribution, technology governance, and technology accessibility. Second, a framework for managing the IP disassembly problem is presented, enabling increased exit opportunities and decreased transaction costs. Third, a method for determining fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory royalties in licensing collaborations is developed, applicable to multilateral licensing deals.It stands clear that contemporary IP management is not (and has never been) only about maximizing excludability. Strategic IP management must therefore be developed and integrated with technology and corporate management in order to foster success at the micro level of firms, and thereby also at macro level. Developments in IP management skills (e.g., sourcing, control, commercialization, licensing, valuation, pricing) and IP contracts will then most likely lead to increased efficiency of interorganizational technological relationships and quasi-integrated organizational forms, and thereby also to increased innovativeness and economic development.
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| 55. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983
(författare)
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Intellectual Property Strategies and Innovation: Causes and Consequences for Firms and Nations
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- New and useful ideas and knowledge, commonly denoted innovations after coming into use, are of decisive importance for economic growth and welfare. To promote the generation and diffusion of innovations, most, if not all, industrialized and industrializing societies rely on some form of an intellectual property rights (IPRs) system. As technological diversification, technological convergence, and open innovation become increasingly important, proper management of and strategies for IPRs and intellectual property (IP) becomes ever more central for the competitiveness of firms and nations. The general purpose of this thesis it to explore and explain the causes and consequences of IP strategies and policies at firm, national, and international levels in different industrial contexts with different types and degrees of openness in innovation. With focus on technological innovations and technology-related IP, various methods are employed to fulfill the purpose. The results show that, due to IP policy developments at national and international level, large firms have increasingly developed various IP strategies, especially patent strategies, to appropriate returns from innovations. As an example, large firms were found to in a first step increase their patenting (in terms of quantity), and in a second step focus more on selective and quality-oriented patenting in which the IP-related work is also internationalized. This internationalization of IP heavily impacts the patent offices and IP policies, especially in small countries where the national patenting tend to decrease as a result. Small firms on the other hand cannot gain the same benefits as large firms from an IPR system, especially from the patent system as currently designed, since they do not have enough resources for monitoring and enforcing their rights, which in turn limits the protective function of patents. Instead, small firms use patents to attract customers and investors. Patents then provide a governance mechanism for early stage financing of innovations. A new measure based on statistics at the national level indicates that the preferred markets for patenting from firms and inventors in various countries become increasingly similar. In addition, there is a convergence of national legal IPR systems around the world. Developing and industrializing nations in this convergence process typically switch from a weak to a strong IP regime in their national innovation systems, at a point in time when the mainly innovative benefits of a strong regime outweigh the mainly imitative benefits of a weak regime for the nation and its firms. A similar switch from a weak to a strong IP regime can be seen in various innovation systems, e.g. in mobile telecommunications. The openness of innovation in such a corporate innovation system is closely related to the IP strategies of the involved firms, and the results show that the openness in a system is directly and strongly affected by changes in the IP strategies of its firms.The thesis shows the importance of the interaction between IP strategies of large and small firms, between different large and small nations’ IP policies, and between IP strategies of firms and IP policies of nations. Such interactions are essential to consider for future research, as are the roles of IPRs and IP management in innovation systems with various degrees of openness.
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| 56. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Samband mellan immateriella tillgångar, innovation och ekonomisk tillväxt
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Investeringar i immateriella tillgångar står idag för en betydande del av företags tillgångar, och hanteringen av dem är en viktig del i organisationernas arbete med att stärka sin konkurrenskraft. På samhällsnivå står dessa investeringar för en ökande andel av de totala investeringarna i ekonomin och är därmed är en avgörande faktor för fortsatt ekonomisk tillväxt och välstånd.Vinnova och Patent- och registreringsverket (PRV) har av regeringen fått i uppdrag att bidra till en förstärkt kunskapsutveckling, det vill säga forskning, om sambandet mellan immateriella tillgångar, innovation och ekonomisk tillväxt och nyttjandet av patentinformation som strategiskt verktyg.Med syftet att få fram en bild av kunskapsläget, och för att identifiera behov av ytterligare forskning, finansierade Vinnova under 2016 två kunskapsöversikter:Management av immateriella tillgångar som adresserar kunskap om samband på organisationsnivå och ger en översikt av forskning kring hur management av immateriella tillgångar framtagna i innovationsprocesser bidrar till konkurrenskraft.Immateriella tillgångar, innovationer och ekonomisk tillväxt/välstånd på makronivå avser som titeln antyder kunskapsläget kring dessa samband på samhällsnivå.
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| 57. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The business of intellectual property: A literature review of IP management research
- 2018
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Ingår i: Stockholm Intellectual Property Law Review. ; 1:1, s. 44-63
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today intellectual property (IP) is constituting an increasing share of firms’ resources and IP rights (IPRs) are important sources of competitiveness. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in how to properly manage IP. IP lawyers need to better understand business decisions and business managers need to better understand IP law. These needs are addressed by a growing area of research on IP management in the intersection between IP law and management. This article presents a literature review of the broad field of IP management research, with the aim to provide IP law practitioners, managers, and academics with an overview of what we know about IP management, to guide readers in how/where to learn more, and how to move forward in both research and practice. A general conclusion is that the research is rich and quickly growing, but has too little focus and data on strategic IP management issues. Both research and practice need to adopt a more holistic perspective on IP, including different rights and integrating with strategic decision-making.
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| 58. |
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| 59. |
- Holgersson, Marcus, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Value capture in open innovation markets: the role of patent rights for innovation appropriation
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Innovation Management. - 1460-1060. ; 25:6, s. 320-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The role of patents for appropriating (capturing) value from innovation investments has for decades been of major interest to both practitioners and academics in innovation management. Many studies have implicitly assumed that firms appropriate value through in-house creation and marketing of innovative products and services, and that the main function of patents is to protect the exclusive sales in product and service markets. We challenge this assumption in light of the variety of business models, strategies and markets now being available, including different organizational and market forms of open innovation. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework and typology of open innovation markets is developed, and the role of patents for appropriation is investigated in these markets among 172 Swedish technology-based firms. Findings The results show that the importance of patents has a skewed distribution with some firms rating patents very important and with a fat tail of firms rating patents less important. Most importantly, the results indicate that patents are enabling exchange and technology trade in various types of open innovation markets rather than only supporting vertically integrated business models. Thus patents were found to help rather than hinder the use of open innovation markets. Originality/value The paper makes two main contributions. First a theoretical reinterpretation of open innovation with a conceptualization of open innovation markets for appropriation of innovation values. Second an empirical illustration of new roles of patents for appropriating innovation values in these markets. The paper in addition illustrates the use of a counterfactual approach to questionnaire surveys, as well as the complementarities between patents and other means of appropriation.
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| 60. |
- Häggström, Olle, 1967
(författare)
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Fallet Lucia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Qvintensen. ; :3/2010
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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