| 2361. |
- Lindman, Juho, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Big Tech’s power, political corporate social responsibility and regulation
- 2023
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In: Journal of Information Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0268-3962 .- 1466-4437. ; 38:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The economic dominance of large Internet tech companies, specifically the ‘Big Five’ (Google, Apple, Meta née Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft), is fundamentally complicating the organisation of society. Their positions raise profound questions, old and new, at the intersection of information systems and political philosophy, where companies have traditionally appeared in liberal democracies as economic operators rather than powerful political actors that threaten to limit citizens’ fundamental rights significantly through their operations. Importantly, the traditional understanding of corporate social responsibility is rooted in the liberal-democratic conception of moral labour’s division between public and private powers in a market economy. Focussing on this division, the paper analyses the various types of political power these companies wield and the complexities of regulating that power. Thus, it contributes to the IS discipline’s theoretical discussion by introducing political theory concepts that hold untapped potential for reconciling Big Tech and modern liberal-democratic conceptions of society. Taking these concepts as underpinnings for discussing six types of power, in turn (business vs. politics, democratic government, institutions of a market economy, companies, civil society and citizens), the paper offers the discipline example research questions to tackle and points to potential directions for scholarship.
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| 2362. |
- Lindman, Juho, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The uncertain promise of blockchain for government
- 2020
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In: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance. - Paris : OECD. - 1993-4351.
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Blockchain remains a hot topic for digital transformation and innovation. In the private sector, blockchain has demonstrated disruptive potential through proven use cases. However, despite strong interest and greater awareness, blockchain has had minimal impact on the public sector, where few projects have moved beyond small pilots. At the same time, there is a growing scepticism and cynicism about public sector blockchain. This paper seeks to understand why this is, by analysing the latest research in the area and identifying and analysing government experiences with successful and unsuccessful projects. It provides early findings on beliefs, characteristics, and practices related to government blockchain projects and the organisations that seek to implement them, with a focus on factors contributing to success or non-success. Although blockchain has yet to affect government in the ways that early hype predicted, government decision makers will nonetheless need to understand and monitor this emerging technology.
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| 2363. |
- Linné, Philip, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Regulating Pollution from Ships
- 2016
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In: Andersson, K. et al (Eds). Shipping and the Environment - Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag. - 9783662490457 ; , s. 75-121
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter begins with a short history of the regulation of ship operations including the regulation of pollution from ships, and then proceeds to its main focus of explaining the basic international legal framework for regulating pollution from ships, the main actors involved in the international regulatory process, and the process of creating environmental regulations for ships via the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The regulation of ship operations has a long history, although the specific regulation of pollution from ships is a relatively recent phenomenon. Over the course of history, the freedom to use the seas in various ways (the principle of freedom) has been balanced by the interests of sovereign States (the principle of sovereignty). As is demonstrated in this chapter, to explain the regulation of pollution from ships at the international regulatory level, a basic understanding of international law and international law of the sea is necessary. However, the regulation of the pollution from ships should also be viewed as a result of negotiations among States with different interests and with different economic and environmental conditions. In this regard, two divisions can be helpful in understanding how the international instruments that regulate pollution from ships are created via IMO: the first is between coastal States, flag States and States with maritime interests, and the second is between developed States and developing states.
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| 2364. |
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| 2365. |
- Lohman, D., et al.
(author)
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Scheduling medicines as controlled substances: addressing normative and democratic gaps through human rights-based analysis
- 2020
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In: Bmc International Health and Human Rights. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-698X. ; 20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent years have seen contentious debate about efforts to schedule medicines such as ketamine and tramadol under the international drug control conventions. Proponents argue that misuse poses a significant risk to public health and that scheduling would help address these problems. However, scheduling of medicines can negatively affect their availability, accessibility and affordability for medical purposes, with serious health consequences for patients, especially in low and middle-income countries. The current process for scheduling medicines under the international drug control conventions does not provide sufficient normative standards through which balanced decisions may be reached. It is undemocratic in its structure and opaque in its reasoning. In this article, we argue that such decisions represent de facto limitations on the right to health and may engage the principle of non-retrogression. Using the examples of ketamine and tramadol, we propose that standard legal tests in international human rights law can help to address the normative and democratic deficits in the system and produce more rigorous, fairer and more transparent decisions.
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| 2366. |
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| 2367. |
- Lund, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Violent criminal recidivism in mentally disordered offenders: A follow-up study of 13-20 years through different sanctions
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 36:3-4, s. 250-257
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To describe criminal recidivism, especially violent recidivism, in a long-term follow-up of mentally disordered offenders sentenced to different types of sanctions. Subjects and methods: A population-based Swedish cohort of male offenders referred to pre-trial psychiatric investigations between 1988 and 1995, was sentenced to forensic psychiatric treatment (n = 163), prison (n = 120), or noncustodial sanctions (n = 52). They were followed from the beginning of their sanctions until the end of June, 2008, through official health and crime registers. Survival analyses were used to compare time until violent recidivism across different sanctions and mental disorders, and predictors of violent recidivism were investigated using univariate comparisons, a multivariate Cox regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, all criminal reconvictions until the end of follow-up were assessed (a total time period of 13 to 20 years). Results: Forty-seven percent of all subjects were reconvicted for violent crimes during follow-up. There were no significant differences between sanction groups. By contrast, diagnostic groups that included substance abuse had significant effects, and stood out as the strongest predictor of violent reconvictions together with the number of previous violent crimes, and age at the first registered criminal offence. Variables identified in the multivariate model together predicted violent recidivism with an area under the ROC curve of 0.72, while the corresponding figure for the age at onset of criminality as the sole predictor was 0.71. Among the different sanction forms for different time periods, time in hospital and prison were significantly less associated with violent recidivism compared to time in conditional release/probation.
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| 2368. |
- Lyles, Max, 1967
(author)
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Juristprogrammet i framtiden – reflexioner över då, nu och sen
- 2017
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In: in Nergelius, J. & Saf, C. (red.), (2017), Juristprogrammet vid Örebro universitet – Jubileumsskrift 10-årsjubileum. - Örebro : Örebro universitet. - 9789187789144 ; , s. 51-60
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 2369. |
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| 2370. |
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