| 241. |
- Karlsson, Gunnar
(författare)
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Radio- och tv-avgiften och internet : Teknik, lag, tolkning och domar
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan i februari har Radiotjänst AB en tolkning där man hävdar att internetansluten dator, mobiltelefon och datorplatta är en se som en tv-mottagare och därmed är innehavaren skyldig att betala radio- och tv-avgift. Tolkningen har skapat debatt och upprördhet bland allmänheten, exempelvis bland de som valt att inte ha tv-mottagare och som nu retroaktivt anses avgiftskyldiga för utrustning de införskaffat före Radiotjänst nytolkning.Jag har deltagit i debatten eftersom det är en teknisk definition som bestämmer vad som anses vara en tv-mottagare. I den här rapporten sammanfattar jag de artiklar och den video som jag tidigare publicerat och jag utökar mitt resonemang för att belysa frågeställning från olika perspektiv. Bland annat granskar jag Radiotjänsts påstående på webben, argumenten i en dom från förvaltningsrätten i Luleå från den 24 juni samt den efterföljande domen i samma ärende som överklagats till kammarrätten i Sundsvall. Jag tar även upp en dom från förvaltningsrätten som avser en äldre dator som blivit befriad från avgiften.Jag finner att Radiotjänsts tolkning saknar stöd i lagstiftningen och i förarbetena. Tolkningen baseras på selektivt urval av längre resonemang och är tekniskt felaktig. Motsvarande problem finns i de domar som jag tar upp. Min slutsats är att en tv-mottagare är enbart definierad med avseende på rundradioutsändning i marknät och satellitnät och över olika former av kabel-tv- och IPTV-nät. Detta utesluter dock inte Radiotjänst från att ta ut radio- och tv-avgift från de som tar del av utsändningarna i öppna internetsändningar, men avgiften kan inte följa innehav av någon utrustning. Betald avgift skulle exempelvis kunna krävas för tillgång till tv-sändningarna. Det kan styrkas med hjälp av inloggning.
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| 242. |
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| 243. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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3D Real Property Legal Concepts and Cadastre : A Comparative Study of Selected Countries to Propose a Way Forward
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on 3D Cadastre. - : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853479 - 9788792853493 ; , s. 1-24
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The concepts of three-dimensional (3D) real property have been the subject of increased interest in land use management and research since the late ‘90s while literature provides various examples of extensive research towards 3D Cadastres as well as already implementing 3D cadastral systems. However, in most countries the legal aspects of 3D real property and its incorporation into 3D cadastral systems have not been so rigorously examined. This paper compares and discusses 3D property concepts in six selected countries: Austria, Brazil, Croatia, Greece, Poland and Sweden, based on the authors’ national experience. Each of these countries’ legal system is based on different origins of Civil Law, including German, Napoleonic and Scandinavian Civil Law, which can prove useful to research in other Civil Law jurisdictions interested in introducing 3D cadastral systems. Selected countries are on different stages of introducing and implementing a 3D cadastral system; this may contribute to the detection of the main 3D real property concepts that apply as well as deficiencies and malfunctions that prohibit introduction of 3D cadastral systems, highlighting challenges that may have not yet surfaced. This paper aims to present the different legal concepts regarding 3D real property in the examined countries, focusing on the characteristic features of cadastral objects described as 3D within each country’s legal and cadastral framework. The analysis of the case studies revealed that the countries are on different stages of 3D Cadastre implementation, starting from countries with operational 3D cadastral systems, to others where there is yet no interest in introducing a 3D cadastral system. 3D cadastral objects in each country are presented, as well as differences in the regulatory framework regarding definition, description and registration. The paper continues the legal workshop discussions of the 4th International Workshop on 3D Cadastres in Dubai 2014 by analysing the legal concepts of 3D cadastres in the above mentioned countries. The outcome is an overview and discussion of existing concepts of 3D property describing their similarities and differences in use, focusing on the legal framework of 3D cadastres. The article concludes by presenting a possible way forward and identifies what further research is needed which can be used to draft national and international research proposals and form legislative amendments towards introduction of national 3D cadastral systems.
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| 244. |
- Kitsakis, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
-
Chapter 1 – Legal Foundations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Best Practices 3D Cadastres - Extended version. - Copenhagen : International Federation of Surveyors. - 9788792853646 ; , s. 1-66
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 245. |
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| 246. |
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| 247. |
- Larsson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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3D property formation in complex infrastructure- and building projects : Exemplified by the Slussen project in Stockholm
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on the Land Administration Domain Model and 3D Land Administration. - Köpenhamn. - 9788793914094 ; , s. 196-216
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the use of 3D real property formation at a major construction site inStockholm, Sweden, project Slussen.Real property formation with complex 3D volumes and numerous real properties andassociated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) has to be shown with the realproperties and RRRs in relation to each other. The present legal solutions and documentationthereof are based on analogue documentation (digitalised to pdf) and cannot be attached ase.g. dwg files. Architects and other professionals do not normally have access to the 3D realproperty boundaries in their 3D building models from the beginning of a project and the exactlocations of boundaries are agreed upon during the formation process to achieve as usablesolutions as possible.The aim of this paper is to describe the 3D property formation process when involvingcomplex solutions securing RRRs to solve legal and planning challenges on different levels ofdetail. The paper focuses on the cadastral real property formation procedures using 3Dproperty formation for constructions above and underground, as well as how they areregistered in the national real property register. The paper illustrates a complex 3D propertysolution and adds to the understanding of the challenges of registration and visualisation ofSwedish 3D real property in Stockholm, focusing on legal as well as technical experiences.This research is a document study based on an analysis of the property formation andplanning documentation and processes of a cadastral procedure conducted in the Slussenproject, as well as associated documentation from other agencies, and by interviewing keypersons involved in the project. The paper illustrates the need for a national cadastral indexmap in three dimensions to be used in the formal real property formation procedures, toachieve a comprehensible and correct representation and visualisation of 3D real propertiesand RRRs in Sweden.The results can be used as input in coming property formations of a similar kind, as well as acomponent for the development of a national three-dimensional cadastral index map.Furthermore, the results can be an input to capacity building for the future use of 3D modelsas part of the formal cadastral property formation procedure.
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| 248. |
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| 249. |
- Larsson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Representation of 3D cadastral boundaries : From analogue to digital
- 2020
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses problems and challenges concerning the process of conversion of 2D analogue cadastral boundary plans into 3D digital information and is based on experiences from a research project on visualization of 3D property boundaries in Sweden. An area next to a newly constructed sports– and event arena in Stockholm, where 3D properties are formed, is used as a case study in the project to illustrate the process and the problems related to it. Focus lies on legal issues, although other aspects are mentioned as well. The rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) are registered in the national Real Property Register, which also includes registration in the two–dimensional Digital Cadastral Index Map. A description of the process of forming 3D property is included in the paper regarding the documents and parties involved. The result of the study is that it is necessary to interpret two–dimensional cadastral data and textual descriptions in order for it to be used in a digital 3D environment, e.g. BIM.The study shows that current legislation has to be investigated and interpreted in detail to be able to add or transform into using 3D models as part of cadastral decisions in Sweden. The current cadastral process is also analysed and suggestions for further development are provided.
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| 250. |
- Larsson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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Visualisation of 3D Property Units : experiences from a case study in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on the Land Administration Domain Model and 3D Land Administration. ; , s. 2-14
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper focuses on experiences concerning a project aiming at visualisation of threedimensional (3D) property units in Stockholm, Sweden. The Swedish national registrationsystem, the national real property register, includes a textual description as well as a twodimensional map, normally consisting of a scan of the legal map document produced duringthe property formation process. Today, a 3D-pdf or a BIM model cannot be part of the formalproperty formation decision and documentation. It can thus be difficult to illustrate 3D realproperty on just a two-dimensional map.The paper describes a project carried out by Stockholm municipality to visualise 3D propertyunit volumes within the municipality by combining them with existing 3D city models(including building- and terrain models). The aim is to show and analyse the problems andchallenges identified in the project by illustrating what has been done and how the use of 3Dreal property information can be further developed in the future.The method used in this research is a document study of the project focusing onrepresentation in the digital cadastral index map for 3D real property units as part of thenational real property register, as well as associated documentation from other agencies, andby interviewing key persons involved in the project.The project created a local 3D model which is stored in the municipality´s own internaldatabase. Some information was retrieved from the national real property register, such asinformation on height (lowest and highest) and the horizontal expansion of the real property.Data was then processed and analysed using Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) to create 3Dproperty volumes. The project used in-house software and data as much as possible. Thevolumes were stored in the municipal database.The 3D volumes could be used as a supplement to the information stored in the national realproperty register and the cadastral dossiers. The results can be used as a component for thedevelopment of a national three-dimensional cadastral index map as well as for enabling 3Dmodels as part of the formal cadastral property formation procedure.
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