| 341. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Offshore wind power policy and planning in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 39:2, s. 518-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this paper is to analyze the role of policy support schemes and planning systems for inducing offshore wind power development in Sweden. Specifically, it highlights the different types of economic, political and planning-related conditions that face offshore wind power investors in Sweden, and provides brief comparisons to the corresponding investment conditions in Denmark, Norway and the UK. The analysis shows that in Sweden existing policy incentives are generally too weak to promote a significant development of offshore wind power, and the paper provides a discussion about a number of political and economic aspects on the choice between different support schemes for offshore wind in the country. Swedish permitting and planning procedures, though, appear favorable to such a development, not the least in comparison to the corresponding processes in the other major offshore wind countries in Europe (e.g., the UK). On a general level the paper illustrates that the success and failure stories of national offshore wind policies and institutions cannot be easily transferred across country borders, and the analysis shows that both the political and the legal frameworks governing the investment situation for offshore wind farms in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the UK differ significantly.
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| 342. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Paving the way for carbon-free energy technology : the case of wind power
- 2005
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Ingår i: 7 Nordic Environmental Social Science (NESS) Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term impacts of climate change and the major role of the energy sector in causing emissions of greenhouse gases motivate a study of the diffusion of new carbon-free energy technologies. The purpose of the paper is to use the wind power example to illustrate important challenges to renewable energy technology diffusion in a modern society. In doing this we combine a quantitative analysis of innovation and diffusion in the European wind power sectors with an in-depth case study of the experiences of wind power development in Sweden. Overall the paper shows that the strength and the design of the different public support schemes for wind power can only to a limited extent explain important inter-country differentces in national wind power developments. It is shown that in Sweden, a country with a poor wind power diffusion record, the economics of wind power is instead negatively affected by: (a) the lack of policy stability; (b) criticism from local stakeholders; and (c) the legal provisions governing the assessment of the environmental impacts of wind mills and the planning procedures for mill location. While national and global energy policies as well as the general public typically point out wind power as particularly environmentally friendly, most of the objections to its expansion at the local level tend to have environmental origins. In Sweden the interests of those who object to wind mill installations gain strong legal protection, and the municipal territorial planning monopoly implies that it is hard to make national energy policy goals heard at the local implementation stage. This is in sharp contrast to the legal framework facing Danish wind projects. Compared to its competitors, wind power is one of the power technologies that tends to have the most to loose from the risk and uncertainties created by planning regulations that leaves much room for discretion on the part of local authorities.
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| 343. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Policy effectiveness and acceptance in the taxation of environmentally damaging chemical compounds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-9011 .- 1873-6416. ; 11:3, s. 240-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taxes on chemical compounds still constitute a fairly small share of the total environmental tax base in Europe, but proposals for new chemical tax schemes have become common. The overall purposes of this paper are to analyze: (a) the economics and politics of taxing chemical compounds; and (b) the future potential for increased implementation of such taxation policies in Europe. While much of the discussion is general in scope, the empirical part focuses on the case of fertilizer taxation in Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. There exists an inevitable trade-off between costly monitoring on the one hand and the achievement of a cost-effective allocation of nitrate leaching abatement measures on the other. This is true for many types of chemicals and our analysis of the fertilizer case provides a number of general lessons for future implementation of environmental taxes in the chemicals field. The choice of tax scheme design matters not only for the cost effectiveness of the policy, but can also be an important mean of reducing any political opposition towards environmental taxes. The European experience in fertilizer taxation indicates that some kind of earmarking of tax revenues can be effective in increasing the legitimacy of the tax policy, and taxes which achieve a close proportionality to damage done will often be perceived as fair. The latter implies that taxation close to environmental damages and the reduction of the associated transaction costs should be policy priorities. Finally, an important feature of many legal provisions - including the EC Nitrate Directive - is the weight given to goal fulfilment, and although taxes are in no way prohibited they may be abandoned since their impacts on environmental quality (and ultimately on goal fulfilment) can be hard to predict.
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| 344. |
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| 345. |
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| 346. |
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| 347. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Wind power development in Sweden : global policies and local obstacles
- 2007
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 11:3, s. 365-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the Swedish government adopted a national planning goal of a yearly wind power generation of 10 TWh by 2015, implying a substantial increase from the current 0.6 TWh level. In this paper, we provide an economic assessment of the potential for future wind power investments in Sweden in close conjunction with an analysis of the legal, attitudinal and policy-related uncertainties that face a wind mill investor. It is shown that the economics of Swedish wind power is negatively affected by: (a) the lack of policy stability; (b) public criticism at the local level; and, in particular, (c) the legal provisions governing the assessment of the environmental impacts of wind mills and the planning procedures for mill location. While national and global energy policies as well as the general public point out wind power as particularly environmentally friendly, most of the objections to its expansion at the local level tend to have environmental origins. The interests of those who object to wind mill installations gain strong legal protection, and the municipal territorial planning monopoly in Sweden implies that it is hard to make national energy policy goals heard at the local implementation stage. Compared to its competitors, wind power is the technology that tends to have the most to loose from the risk and uncertainties created by this investment environment. The paper identifies and discusses a number of ways in which the national policy interests could be strengthened at the local level. We discuss the role of citizen participation, as well as solutions within the realms of the legal system. Moreover, since the diffusion of wind power encounters the most strident legal and attitudinal obstacles where it interferes with competing land uses, a move offshore appears to be an efficient strategy from the perspective of a wind mill investor. A stronger political commitment to wind power expansion in legal provisions as well as in the form of long-run stability in policy instrument implementation will probably be necessary to attain the 2015 policy goal.
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| 348. |
- van Doorn-Hoekveld, Willemijn J., et al.
(författare)
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Distributional effects of flood risk management : a cross-country comparison of preflood compensation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We seek to examine the manner in which either the EU member states of France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden or parts of them, such as the country of England in the UK or the Flemish Region in Belgium, deal with the distributional effects of the flood risk management strategies prevention, defense, and mitigation. Measures carried out in each of these strategies can cause preflood harm, as in the devaluation of property or loss of income. However, different member states and authorities address this harm in different ways. A descriptive overview of the different compensation regimes in the field of flood risk management is followed by an analysis of these differences and an explanation of what may cause them, such as the geographical differences that lead to differences in the way that they interfere with private rights and the dominant legal principles that underlie compensation regimes. An elaborated compensation regime could lead to more equitable and legitimate flood risk management because the burdens are fairly spread and all interests—including those of injured parties—are considered in the decision-making process. Our aim is to stimulate the hardly existent discussion on the financial harm that is caused by measures to prevent floods (preflood), in addition to the already existing discussion on the ex post flood distributional effects.
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| 349. |
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| 350. |
- Westerlund, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Platform Privacy : The Missing Piece of Data Protection Legislation
- 2016
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Ingår i: JIPITEC. - 2190-3387. ; 7:1, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After years of deliberation, the EU commission sped up the reform process of a common EU digital policy considerably in 2015 by launching the EU digital single market strategy. In particular, two core initiatives of the strategy were agreed upon: General Data Protection Regulation and the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive law texts. A new initiative was additionally launched addressing the role of online platforms. This paper focuses on the platform privacy rationale behind the data protection legislation, primarily based on the proposal for a new EU wide General Data Protection Regulation. We analyse the legislation rationale from an Information System perspective to understand the role user data plays in creating platforms that we identify as “processing silos”. Generative digital infrastructure theories are used to explain the innovative mechanisms that are thought to govern the notion of digitalization and successful business models that are affected by digitalization. We foresee continued judicial data protection challenges with the now proposed Regulation as the adoption of the “Internet of Things” continues. The findings of this paper illustrate that many of the existing issues can be addressed through legislation from a platform perspective. We conclude by proposing three modifications to the governing rationale, which would not only improve platform privacy for the data subject, but also entrepreneurial efforts in developing intelligent service platforms. The first modification is aimed at improving service differentiation on platforms by lessening the ability of incumbent global actors to lock-in the user base to their service/platform. The second modification posits limiting the current unwanted tracking ability of syndicates, by separation of authentication and data store services from any processing entity. Thirdly, we propose a change in terms of how security and data protection policies are reviewed, suggesting a third party auditing procedure.
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