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| 56. |
- Carlman, Inga, 1947-
(författare)
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Do not Miss the Forest for all the Trees
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordisk miljörättslig tidskrift. - 2000-4273. ; 2010:1, s. 69-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 1960s environmental issues became analysed ina global context. 1992 sustainable development wasmade the overall policy. 2010 the biosphere is in a worsestate than in the 1960s, and the world human populationis higher than ever. For sustainability, human behaviourmust be kept within biospherical carrying capacity. Thispresents enormous social and human scientific challenges.However, main social scientific schools generallyoverlook what basically makes democratic systems tick,namely Rule of Law. Most social scientific input hasbeen hampered by pre-environmental sectoral paradigmsmissing the holistic prerequisites. Modernenvironmental law methodology has on the other handanalysed old law and developed theory for sustainablelaw capable of i.a. handling non-linearity, complexityand what makes societies tick – Rule of Law. Thanksto this, some of what other social sciences have broughtforward can be reinterpreted for inclusion in an adequatesustainability theory, while much of the rest canbe explained as ineffective.This paper brings this into broader environmentalscience. It will (1) rely upon the still degrading biosphereand that no country has so far established effectivecontrol for sustainability; (2) explain why such controlcannot be achieved in a democracy without recognisingthe Rule of Law and adapting the law to sustainability;(3) explain why mainstream social and human sciencesyet have not contributed more effectively; (4) presenta fundamental theoretical holistic structure essentialfor social environmental science, and (5) based on thisdemonstrate why it is impossible to solve the globalunsustainability problems without full understandingof the Rule of Law.
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| 59. |
- Dahlberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Democracy in context: using a distributional semantic model to study differences in the usage of democracy across languages and countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1865-2646 .- 1865-2654. ; 14, s. 425-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-cultural survey research rests upon the assumption that if survey features are kept constant, data will remain comparable across languages, cultures and countries. Yet translating concepts across languages, cultures and political contexts is complicated by linguistic, cultural, normative or institutional discrepancies. Such discrepancies are particularly relevant for complex political concepts such as democracy, where the literature on political support has revealed significant cross-cultural differences in people's attitudes toward democracy. Recognizing that language, culture and other socio-political variables affect survey results has often been equated with giving up on comparative research and many survey researchers have consequently chosen to simply ignore the issue of comparability and measurement equivalence across languages, cultures and countries. This paper contributes to the debate, using a distributional semantic lexicon, which is a statistical model measuring co-occurrence statistics in large text data. The method is motivated by structuralist meaning theory, stating that words with similar meanings tend to occur in similar contexts, and that contexts shape and define the meanings of words. Compared to other methodological approaches aimed at identifying and measuring cross-cultural discrepancies, this approach enables us to systematically analyze how the concept of democracy is used in its natural habitat. Collecting geo-tagged language data from news and social online source documents this paper descriptively explores varieties in meanings of democracy across a substantial number of languages and countries, and maps ways in which democracy is used among online populations and regions worldwide.
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| 60. |
- Dahlstrand, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Less repressive and fairer foreclosure. Evidence from a randomized experiment at Kronofogden regarding the possibilities to break economic exclusion
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Homeowners are facing worse personal finances with inflation and increasing interest rates. New groupsare at risk of overindebtedness and foreclosure. The entire household are affected by worse health andwell-being. This leads to large societal costs. Hence, it is imperative to break the negative cycle ofoverindebtedness for these households. Foreclosure is enforced by Kronofogden and aims to pay thedebts. However, an unintended consequence may be that foreclosure is perceived as repressive. Thedegree of repression depends on how Kronofogden handles the proceedings. This research projectcontributes with knowledge about these mechanisms and how they may make it more difficult to breaksocial and economic exclusion by answering the research question: How repressive are the foreclosureproceedings at Kronofogden?We answer the research question by surveying and interviewing homeowners who have been subject toforeclosure about repression. Repression is a multi-facetted concept that may be employed to study bothopen displays of state violence as well as “soft” exercises of public authority through, for example,stigmatization. We are inspired by this latter understanding and We take advantage of a randomizedcontrolled trial (RCT) in which Kronofogden randomized foreclosure sales to auction or brokered sale inan effort to investigate which sales form resulted in higher payment. While auction sales arecharacterized by coercion, no interactions with the homeowner, and no possibility for the homeowner toaffect the outcomes through personal involvement, the success of brokered sales depends oncollaboration with the homeowner, participation on behalf of, and involvement from the homeowner.Given these different characteristics, the RCT provides an opportunity for us to examine whether whichsales form – auction or broker – was employed had an impact on the level of repression as measured byperceived fairness and institutional trust. Due to its characteristics, we hypothesize that brokered saleresults in a lower level of repression. This hypothesis is tested with a survey that targets the foreclosedhomeowners that were included in Kronofogden’s RCT. We also interview homeowners about theirexperiences and group interviews with homeowners to ask them about whether they consider theforeclosure proceedings to be repressive.
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