| 41. |
- Bröchner, Jan, 1948
(författare)
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Coordination in slowly emerging service ecosystems: Construction history
- 2016
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Ingår i: Revue Europeenne d' Economie et Management des Services. - 2497-0107. ; 2:2, s. 17-41
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose here is to map long-term structural changes in construction ecosystems and to trace the historical forces leading to these changes. Input/output statistics reveal a growing importance of professional services for the construction industry. Ecosystem change appears as originating primarily with government customers, who are more able to effect institutional change. Over time, customers have retreated from coordinating multiple providers of increasingly specialized services.
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| 42. |
- Carter, Neil, et al.
(författare)
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A conceptual framework for understanding illegal killing of large carnivores
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 46:3, s. 251-264
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing complexity and global nature of wildlife poaching threaten the survival of many species worldwide and are outpacing conservation efforts. Here, we reviewed proximal and distal factors, both social and ecological, driving illegal killing or poaching of large carnivores at sites where it can potentially occur. Through this review, we developed a conceptual social–ecological system framework that ties together many of the factors influencing large carnivore poaching. Unlike most conservation action models, an important attribute of our framework is the integration of multiple factors related to both human motivations and animal vulnerability into feedbacks. We apply our framework to two case studies, tigers in Laos and wolverines in northern Sweden, to demonstrate its utility in disentangling some of the complex features of carnivore poaching that may have hindered effective responses to the current poaching crisis. Our framework offers a common platform to help guide future research on wildlife poaching feedbacks, which has hitherto been lacking, in order to effectively inform policy making and enforcement.
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| 43. |
- Chandler, Jennifer A., et al.
(författare)
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International Legal Approaches to Neurosurgery for Psychiatric Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 14
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders (NPD), also sometimes referred to as psychosurgery, is rapidly evolving, with new techniques and indications being investigated actively. Many within the field have suggested that some form of guidelines or regulations are needed to help ensure that a promising field develops safely. Multiple countries have enacted specific laws regulating NPD. This article reviews NPD-specific laws drawn from North and South America, Asia and Europe, in order to identify the typical form and contents of these laws and to set the groundwork for the design of an optimal regulation for the field. Key challenges for this design that are revealed by the review are how to define the scope of the law (what should be regulated), what types of regulations are required (eligibility criteria, approval procedures, data collection, and oversight mechanisms), and how to approach international harmonization given the potential migration of researchers and patients.
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| 44. |
- Darpö, Jan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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On the Comparison of Environmental Law
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Court Innovation. - New York : Pace University, School of Law. - 1943-5401. ; 3:1, s. 315-336
-
Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- DeWitt, Jamie C., et al.
(författare)
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Zürich II Statement on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) : Scientific and Regulatory Needs
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - 2328-8930. ; 11:8, s. 786-797
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic chemicals of global concern. A group of 36 scientists and regulators from 18 countries held a hybrid workshop in 2022 in Zürich, Switzerland. The workshop, a sequel to a previous Zürich workshop held in 2017, deliberated on progress in the last five years and discussed further needs for cooperative scientific research and regulatory action on PFASs. This review reflects discussion and insights gained during and after this workshop and summarizes key signs of progress in science and policy, ongoing critical issues to be addressed, and possible ways forward. Some key take home messages include: 1) understanding of human health effects continues to develop dramatically, 2) regulatory guidelines continue to drop, 3) better understanding of emissions and contamination levels is needed in more parts of the world, 4) analytical methods, while improving, still only cover around 50 PFASs, and 5) discussions of how to group PFASs for regulation (including subgroupings) have gathered momentum with several jurisdictions proposing restricting a large proportion of PFAS uses. It was concluded that more multi-group exchanges are needed in the future and that there should be a greater diversity of participants at future workshops.
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| 46. |
- Diamond, Milton, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence regarding cosmetic and medically unnecessary surgery on infants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Urology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1477-5131 .- 1873-4898. ; 10:1, s. 2-6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Journal of Pediatric Urology has recently published several articles from the Annecy (France) Working Party on DSD. We question several of the presented findings and recommendations. In two key articles summarizing their review, the authors concluded that identified studies are not representative and suffer from methodological weaknesses, such that they "lack the necessary detail to base further recommendations". In a third article, the Working Party reported that the science supporting early surgery is "scanty", and that "no studies" support the belief that gender variant children require early genital surgery. Nevertheless, the Working Party warned that without long-term research, "if no effort is made, we will be left, in the next generation, to continue making the same judgment, based on 'experience' and 'expert opinion' ". None of the studies cited in the articles support such assertions as we read them. We maintain that reviewed evidence suggests a moratorium on early surgical intervention is imperative for children with differences in sex development, and that the best ethical and scientific considerations require that gender surgery should be delayed until the child can consent. We further present evidence that UN and case law presently under way in the USA support such a moratorium.
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| 47. |
- Douglas, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Violence risk assessment - Getting specific about being dynamic
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychology, public policy and law. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1076-8971 .- 1939-1528. ; 11:3, s. 347-383
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substantial strides have been made in the field of violence risk assessment. Numerous robust risk factors have been identified and incorporated into structured violence risk assessment instruments. The concepts of violence prevention, management, and treatment have been infused into contemporary thinking on risk assessment. This conceptual development underscores the necessity of identifying, measuring, and monitoring changeable (dynamic) risk factors-the most promising targets for risk reduction efforts. However, empirical investigation of dynamic risk is virtually absent from the literature. In this article, the authors (a) differentiate risk status (interindividual risk level based largely on static risk factors) from risk state (intraindividual risk level determined largely by current status on dynamic risk factors), (b) analyze the relevance of contemporary risk assessment measures for capturing dynamic risk, and (c) distill potentially important dynamic risk factors from the literature in order to facilitate future research. Suggestions for theory development and research design are provided.
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| 48. |
- Epstein, Seth, Researcher, 1978-
(författare)
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Rights of nature, human species identity, and political thought in the anthropocene
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Anthropocene Review. - : Sage Publications. - 2053-0196 .- 2053-020X. ; 10:2, s. 415-433
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- While much has been written about the efforts in multiple jurisdictions to recognize nature and natural features as rightsholders, there has been relatively little research into the relationship of these Rights of Nature developments to the Anthropocene. This article uses historian Dipesh Chakrabarty’s argument for the adoption of a human species identity in the Anthropocene as a jumping off point to analyze how legal rights for nature, such as those enacted in the Ecuador and New Zealand, can help address what Chakrabarty identifies as the challenges the Anthropocene presents to contemporary political thought. These pressing challenges include how to politicize relations between humans and non-humans, extend justice and the sphere of human morality to non-humans, cope with human limitations on our abilities to represent non-humans, and to initiate a withdrawal from a human-dominated world that is a common though uneven legacy of imperialism, capitalism, and globalization. The article argues that by providing responses to these challenges, Rights of Nature laws may also further the development of a human species identity. However, it also qualifies this conclusion in several important regards. First, the more expansive of these protections, embracing all of nature within political boundaries and relying on a remedial approach to justice and broad notions of representation in fact may hinder the adoption of the kind of species identity for which Chakrabarty has called. Second, as a cosmopolitan identity, this identity may be inhibited by continued circumscription of Rights of Nature by notions of state sovereignty.
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| 49. |
- Epstein, Yaffa, et al.
(författare)
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Science and the legal rights of nature
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 380:6646
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the use of science by lawmakers and courts in implementing or rejecting legal rights for nature in Ecuador, India, the United States, and other jurisdictions where some type of rights of nature have been recognized in the legal system. We then use the "right to evolve" to exemplify how interdisciplinary work can (i) help courts effectively define what this right might entail; (ii) inform how might be applied in different circumstances; and (iii) provide a template for how scientists and legal scholars can generate the interdisciplinary scholarship necessary to understand and implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws, and environmental law more generally. We conclude by pointing to what further research is needed to understand and effectively implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws.
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| 50. |
- Epstein, Yaffa, et al.
(författare)
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Science and the legal rights of nature
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science. - 0036-8075. ; 380:6646
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the use of science by lawmakers and courts in implementing or rejecting legal rights for nature in Ecuador, India, the United States, and other jurisdictions where some type of rights of nature have been recognized in the legal system. We then use the “right to evolve” to exemplify how interdisciplinary work can (i) help courts effectively define what this right might entail; (ii) inform how it might be applied in different circumstances; and (iii) provide a template for how scientists and legal scholars can generate the interdisciplinary scholarship necessary to understand and implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws, and environmental law more generally. We conclude by pointing to what further research is needed to understand and effectively implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws.
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