| 81. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Djurhållning och antibiotika: en gyllene triangel!
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Alba. - 1403-5448. ; :2023-10-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För ett par veckor sedan var jag i Amsterdam och talade om etiska dilemman och utmaningar i arbetet med antibiotikaresistens i djurhållning och veterinärmedicin på en konferens. ”Från fabrik till gödselstack” var devisen för mitt bidrag, för att framhålla att djurhållningens användning av antibiotika – precis som sjukvårdens – är en del av en större helhet, där även produktionssystemen för läkemedel och mat (och friska djur och människor), och naturmiljön ingår. Varje del både bidrar till utmaningen med resistens – att vår användning och hantering av dessa viktiga mediciner gör dem obrukbara – och utgör löften för att sätta in åtgärder som kan mildra problemet. Alla sådana åtgärder kommer samtidigt ha nackdelar och kostnader – därav behovet att analysera etiken. På konferensen fick jag också chans att förkovra mig i olika slags forskning om hur jordbruk och annan djurhållning kan hantera antibiotikaresistensen bättre. Jag lärde mig då att området utgör en riktig gyllene triangel – på gott och ont.
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
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| 84. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Hate Crime, Mental Disorder and Criminal Responsibility
- 2013
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Ingår i: 33rd International Congress of Law and Mental Health, Amsterdam, July 14-19, 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hate crimes are ordinary crimes committed in connection with a negatively prejudiced, biased, disparaging, or antagonistic attitude towards the victim in terms of perceived membership of a social group. Some hate crimes are elaborate political acts of terror or elaborate persecution, some are so-called “hate speech”, but the overwhelming majority are instances of mundane criminality, involving everything from murder to theft and harassment. Hate crime policies rest on the idea that the bias or “hate” feature make such crimes worse, and that offenders for this reason should be held more firmly responsible. At the same time, the attitude of making a crime into a hate crime involves more or less distorted ideas about reality, together with a willingness to transgress social norms on that basis. In some cases, these views amount to major delusions, resistant to rational scrutiny. In other cases, we may move closer to a point where the belief-desire cluster can be seen as ordinary negligence. Thus, many hate crimes have features that may be argued acting to diminish responsibility according to standard ideas in the philosophy of punishment. The presentation maps underlying value conflicts, tensions, and incoherence in legal practice connected to this complexity of criminal law.
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| 85. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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If Forensic Psychiatry is the Science, What is its Object of Study? If it is a Branch of Medicine, What is the Disease? If it is a Specialty, What is its Topic of Expertise?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 34th International Congress on Law and Mental Health, Vienna, July 12-17, 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses, from a normative and taxonomical standpoint, the apparent fact that what forensic psychiatry (FP) as a science or a branch of medicine focus on is necessarily socially constructed in a specific way relating to positive law. FP busies itself with conditions which are (a) mental health problems (in itself partly socially determined) and (b) linked to criminality – especially severe criminality – in turn a concept determined by actual legal statutes in a given society. This notion of what FP ”is about" has to be held distinct from the idea of FP researching the possible causal connection between mental health factors and specific crimes of behaviour types, or that of FP employing mental health care interventions to influence the tendency of criminal or other sort of behaviour. While FP may certainly (attempt to) do these things (implying an interest in specific parts of nature, specific expertise, etc), the issue of how to characterize its generic object of study, interest or action is more profoundly conceptual in that it may inform us about what FP is and what object may or may not be properly studied or intervened upon based on FP. This, in turn, will also provide an answer to what exactly the expertise of an FP specialist is supposed to be about, as well as pertain to disputes over the proper social authority and impact of knowledge coming out of the FP area. The paper will explore and compare three distinct strategies for providing an answer to this question, which are both criticised from a normative and philosophical perspective. First, FP might try to characterise its object of interest by embracing the socio-political relativity implied by the fact that criminal law, implying that the object of FP changes with every difference between jurisdiction across countries as well as over time. This seems to imply that there is no such thing as one object of FP, no specific FP expertise, and so on and thus undermines the idea of FP as a science, specific health care speciality or expertise. Second, FP may adopt a very abstract definition of its object, possible to include all jurisdictional variations one might imagine. This, however, seems to imply a problematic boundlessness: the idea that practically any behaviour or human condition is a proper concern of FP (since any such may be criminalized in some jurisdiction). This, in turn implies normative problems both with regard to the claims about a particular FP expertise and with regard to the ethical integrity of FP as a scientific and medical field.
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| 86. |
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability principle for the ethics of healthcare resource allocation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Ethics. - : BMJ. - 0306-6800 .- 1473-4257. ; 47:2, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a principle of sustainability to complement established principles used for justifying healthcare resource allocation. We argue that the application of established principles of equal treatment, need, prognosis and cost-effectiveness gives rise to what we call negative dynamics: a gradual depletion of the value possible to generate through healthcare. These principles should therefore be complemented by a sustainability principle, making the prospect of negative dynamics a further factor to consider, and possibly outweigh considerations highlighted by the other principles. We demonstrate how this principle may take different forms, and show that a commitment to sustainability is supported by considerations internal to the ethical principles already guiding healthcare resource allocation. We also consider two objections. The first of these, we argue, is either based on implausible assumptions or begs the question, whereas the second can be adequately accommodated by the principle we propose.
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| 89. |
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| 90. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Under luppen: nazistisk extremism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alba.nu. - 1403-5448. ; :2017-09-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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