| 81. |
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| 82. |
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| 83. |
- Rothe, Dawn L., et al.
(författare)
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La giustizia penale internazionale : un deterrente per i crimini di Stato?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Studi sulla questione criminale. - Rom : Carocci editore. - 1973-3984. ; 7:3, s. 43-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Criminology is not just focused on explaining the etiological factors behind crime commission; ultimately the goal is to find and empirically assess policies to control it. A criminology of the State is no different. Over the course of the past two decades, a growing number of scholars of State crime have devoted attention to and research on the issues of controls, yet, there have been relatively few articles that solely focus on the issue of international criminal justice and its ability, or lack thereof, to have a deterrent effect. However, many actors within the field of international criminal justice have heralded the deterrent power of the international criminal justice system and its ability to remove impunity for violations of international criminal law. Likewise, many practitioners and scholars routinely assume a probability at best, to an assumption of sureness, of a powerful deterrent effect for those in high ranking positions, including heads of State, that violate international criminal law. This article examines the potential deterrent effect of international criminal justice, as it pertains to State crime, which is grounded in criminological insights. To do so, we present an overview of the common assumptions of and criminological thinking in deterrence models. This is followed by highlighting those factors most strongly associated with a deterrent effect with State criminality and international criminal justice. The article concludes with a critical examination of the potential of deterrence and how it fails to generate the effects for heads of State and other high ranking officials which so many international public actors, including the international criminal justice system, claims.
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| 84. |
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| 85. |
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| 86. |
- Steinberg, Maria, 1948-
(författare)
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La prevenzione dei rischi psico-sociali sul luogo di lavoro [The prevention of psychosocial risks in the workplace] : la normativa svedese [the Swedish regulation]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Lavoro e Diritto. - : Societa Editrice Il Mulino. - 1120-947X. ; :2, s. 339-360
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The essay aims at describing the Swedish regulative framework in force as far as the prevention of psychosocial risks in the workplace are concerned. Specifically, the author focuses on the provisions set by the «Work Environment Act», which is the regulative tool that more explicitly provides for a legal framework on this topic, as well as on other laws concerning different Psrs-related aspects of work, such as solitary work, violence and victimisation. Secondly, Steinberg assesses how the perspective of psychosocial prevention affects the decisions adopted by the Work Environment Authority as well as the judgments of administrative, general and labour courts.
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| 87. |
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| 88. |
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| 89. |
- Trenta, Cristina, 1967-
(författare)
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Iva e servizi di comunicazione nel modello comunitario e nell'esperienza italo-svedese
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- That PhD research was mainly concerned with the national implementations of Directives1999/59/EC and 2002/38/EC, currently contained in Directive 2006/112/EC, in respect tocommunication services in the field of VAT and territoriality of intellectual services andintangible assets, in both Sweden and Italy. It aimed at providing an overview of Communityrequirements, and of current issues, national debates, steps towards compliance and thedifferent degree of harmonisation within the European regulatory framework attained in thetwo countries. It also detailed the changes in Swedish and Italian VAT Tax Law in connectionwith communication services. Special attention was devoted to providing a correct model forthe classification of transactions relating to telecommunications services, radio and televisionbroadcasting services and services supplied by electronic means, at both the Community andnational levels, as this identification and classification directly shapes the very way the rules ofterritoriality are applied.As such, that research targeted some of the most critical aspects of the nationalimplementations in the two countries and their possible lack of harmonization with theEuropean framework:1. the problem of the identification and classification of telecommunication services, radioand television broadcasting services and services supplied by electronic means at theCommunity level and in the two countries, in relation to territoriality;2. the principle of territoriality at the Community level in the field of telecommunications,radio and television broadcasting and electronic services, and its implementation in Swedenand Italy;3. the VAT rates applicable to each of these services and the impact of these rates onnational tax systems.Therefore, that research did not investigate European legislation per se, but rather as seenthrough the lens of national systems as they are implemented by means of laws and decrees.The results showed a lack of harmonization connected with the national implementation ofDirectives and suggested the factual possibility that double imposition (or lack of imposition aswell) issues may rise in transactions between Member States. It was clear how these issuesbuilt on a generic lack of clarity which is evident in the text of the Directives, and inimplementation errors at the national level.
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| 90. |
- Trenta, Cristina, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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La cessione di beni (Supply of goods)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Lo stato della fiscalità nell’Unione Europea (White Book on Taxes for the EU). - Roma (Italy) : Dottorato in Diritto Tributario Europeo (Bologna).
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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