| 4961. |
- Xue, Qingwen, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Style Recognition Incorporating Risk Surrogate by Support Vector Machine
- 2021
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Ingår i: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2190-3026 .- 2190-3018. ; 231, s. 123-131
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate driving style recognition is a crucial component for advanced driver assistance systems and vehicle control systems to reduce potential rear-end collision risk. This study aims to develop a driving style recognition method incorporating matching learning algorithms and vehicle trajectory data. A risk surrogate, Modified Margin to Collision (MMTC), is proposed to evaluate the collision risk level of each driver’s trajectory. Particularly, the traffic level is considered when labelling the driving style, while it has a great impact on driving preference. Afterwards, each driver’s driving style is labelled based on their collision risk level using the K-means algorithm. Driving behavior features, including acceleration, relative speed, and relative distance, are extracted from vehicle trajectory and processed by time-sequence analysis. Finally, Supporting Vector Machine (SVM) is applied to recognize driving style based on the extracted features and labelled data. The performance of Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) are also compared with SVM. The “leave-one-out” method is used to validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that SVM over performs others with 91.7% accuracy. This recognition model could effectively recognize the aggressive driving style, which can better support ADAS.
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| 4962. |
- Yadollahi, Elmira, et al.
(författare)
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Do Children Adapt Their Perspective to a Robot When They Fail to Complete a Task?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Interaction Design and Children, IDC 2022. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). ; , s. 341-351
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial understanding and communication are essential skills in human interaction. An adequate understanding of others' spatial perspectives can increase the quality of the interaction, both perceptually and cognitively. In this paper, we take the first step towards understanding children's perspective-taking abilities and their tendency to adapt their perspective to a counterpart while completing a task with a robot. The elements used for studying children's behaviours are the frame of reference and perspective marking, which we evaluated through a task where players needed to compose instructions to guide each other to complete the task. We developed the interaction with an NAO robot and analyzed the children's instructions and their performance throughout the game. Our initial findings demonstrated that children tend to compose their first instruction by following the principle of least collaborative effort. Children significantly changed and adapted their perspective, i.e. frame of reference and perspective marking to the robot, mainly when the robot failed to follow their instructions correctly. Additionally, results show that children tend to create a mental model of their counterparts and the robot changing that frame of reference might affect their performance or the flow of the interaction.
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| 4963. |
- Yepes-Baldó, Montserrat, et al.
(författare)
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Job crafting, employee well-being, and quality of care
- 2018
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 40:1, s. 52-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective is to study the effects of job crafting activities of elder care and nursing home employees on their perceived well-being and quality of care in two European countries, Spain and Sweden. The Job Crafting, the General Health, and the Quality of Care questionnaires were administered to 530 employees. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. Results confirm the effects of job crafting on quality of care (r = .291, p < .01; β = .261, p < .01; ΔR2 = .065, p < .01) and employees’ well-being (r = .201, p < .01; β = .171, p < .01; ΔR2 = .028, p < .01). A positive linear relationship was found between job crafting and well-being in Spain and Sweden and with quality of care in Spain. On the contrary, in Sweden, the relationship between job crafting and well-being was not linear. Job crafting contributes significantly to employees’ and residents’ well-being. Management should promote job crafting to co-create meaningful and productive work. Cultural effects are proposed to explain the differences found.
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| 4964. |
- Yngvesson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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A calm companion lowers fear in groups of dairy cows
- 2022
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Ingår i: Rapport (Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för husdjurens miljö och hälsa). - 1652-2885. ; , s. 20-20
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4965. |
- Younas, Sana, et al.
(författare)
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Decision making among residents in training of obstetrics and gynecology: A qualitative exploration in Pakistani context
- 2023
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - 1932-6203. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Medical decision-making is critical and the decisions are made under uncertain, complex, and dynamic conditions. In this regard, practitioners’ experiences and perceptions may provide a bottom-up knowledge of the issues, as well as a corresponding support system that assists them in learning to make decisions in critical situations. The current study aimed to examine these experiences in the Pakistani context. We interviewed 14 trainee residents (aged 26 to 34 years) from tertiary care hospitals. Using inductive thematic analysis, we explored a participant-centered perspective on the support system and decision-makingprocess. Findings reveal that the major challenges to decision-making include uncertain and complex situations, hospital-related constraints, and socio-cultural context. Both noncritical and critical case management are used in individual and group decision-making processes. The residents use knowledge-based, emotional, and instrumental support to make decisions. The study gave practitioners and academics a trans-disciplinary platform to explore the cognitive, social, and behavioral aspects of decision-making in the healthcare industry.
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| 4966. |
- Yu, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Change in Fatigue in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Treatment for Chronic Pain and Its Association with Enhanced Psychological Flexibility
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : Wiley. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 24:1, s. 234-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue is commonly reported by people with chronic pain. The purpose of the current study was to examine Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), based on the Psychological Flexibility (PF) model, for fatigue in chronic pain. This study included 354 adults attending an interdisciplinary ACT-oriented treatment for chronic pain. T-tests and analyses of clinically meaningful change were used to investigate participant improvements in fatigue interference after the treatment. Pearson's correlations and hierarchical regressions were conducted to investigate associations between improvement in fatigue interference and improvements in PF processes. Finally, mixed effects models were used to explore associations between baseline fatigue interference and changes in treatment outcome measures. Participants improved in fatigue interference (d=.37), pain, some PF processes, and daily functioning (d=.18-1.08). 39.7% of participants demonstrated clinically meaningfully improvements in fatigue interference. Changes in fatigue interference was associated with changes in pain, PF processes and daily functioning, |r|= .20-.46. Change in fatigue interference was associated with change in pain acceptance independent of change in pain, β=-.36, p<.001. However, baseline fatigue interference did not predict any treatment outcome. Overall, people with fatigue appeared to benefit from the ACT-oriented interdisciplinary treatment for chronic pain, and relatively higher levels of fatigue did not appear to impede this benefit. ACT-based treatments may benefit people with chronic pain and fatigue. Future studies including experimental designs, and studies investigating other PF processes, are needed to better understand the utility of ACT for co-morbid fatigue and pain.
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| 4967. |
- Yu, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring 'self' : preliminary validation of a short form of the Self Experiences Questionnaire in people with chronic pain
- 2021
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PAIN. - : Sage Publications. - 2049-4637 .- 2049-4645. ; 15:4, s. 474-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: People with chronic pain often struggle with their sense of self and this can adversely impact their functioning and well-being. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy particularly includes a process related to this struggle with self. A measure for this process, the Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), was previously developed in people with chronic pain.Purpose: The aim of the current study was to validate a shorter version of the SEQ in people with chronic pain to reduce respondent burden and facilitate further research.Methods: Data from 477 participants attending an interdisciplinary pain management programme were included. Participants completed measures of treatment processes (self-as-context, pain acceptance, cognitive fusion and committed action) and outcomes (pain, pain interference, work and social adjustment and depression) at baseline and post-treatment. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for item reduction. Correlations between scores from the shorter SEQ and other process and outcome variables were calculated to examine validity. Change scores of the shorter SEQ and their correlations with changes in outcome variables were examined for responsiveness.Results: An eight-item SEQ (SEQ-8) scale including two factors, namely Self-as-Distinction and Selfas-Observer, emerged, demonstrating good reliability (Cronbach's alpha =.87-.90) and validity (vertical bar r vertical bar =.14-.52). Scores from SEQ-8 significantly improved after the treatment (d=.15-21), and these improvements correlated with improvements in most outcomes.Conclusions: The SEQ-8 appears to be a reliable and valid measure of self. This shorter format may facilitate intensive longitudinal investigation into sense of self and functioning and well-being.
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| 4968. |
- Yu, Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of outcomes following interdisciplinary acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain : Profiling psychological flexibility
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 26:7, s. 1448-1459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Growing evidence demonstrates the benefit of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for people with chronic pain. However, there remain people with chronic pain who do not benefit from ACT, and predicting treatment response is difficult.Aims This aim of this study was to investigate if baseline psychological flexibility (PF) profiles predict responses to an ACT-based pain management programme.Methods Data from 415 participants attending an interdisciplinary pain management programme were included. Participants completed measures of PF processes and outcomes pre- and post-treatment. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of participants based on their baseline PF scores. ANOVAs were conducted to compare subgroups of participants on outcome variables at baseline, and changes from pre- to post-treatment.Results Three subgroups of participants were identified: (a) low PF, (b) low openness and (c) high awareness and action. The three subgroups significantly differed on all outcome measures at pre-treatment, supporting the clinical relevance of these PF profiles. However, participants with different baseline PF profiles did not appear to differ in terms of changes in outcome variables.Conclusions People with chronic pain demonstrate different PF profiles, but appear to respond to ACT similarly regardless of these profiles. Future studies with a more individualized focus are needed to further understand which components of ACT work for whom on which outcome and how. Significance There remain people with chronic pain who do not benefit from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and predicting treatment response is difficult. This is the first study to identify psychological flexibility (PF) profiles along multiple PF processes using latent class analysis, and the first longitudinal study to investigate PF profiles in relation to outcomes in ACT for chronic pain. The findings contribute to the understanding of theoretically consistent predictors of outcomes in ACT, which in turn can inform treatment development.
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| 4969. |
- Yüce-Selvi, Ümran, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral Reactions to Job Insecurity Climate Perceptions : Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past work has extensively documented that job insecurity predicts various work- and health-related outcomes. However, limited research has focused on the potential consequences of perceived job insecurity climate. Our objective was to investigate how the psychological climate about losing a job and valuable job features (quantitative and qualitative job insecurity climate, respectively) relate to employees’ exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect behaviors, and whether such climate perceptions explain additional variance in these behaviors over individual job insecurity. Data were collected through an online survey using a convenience sample of employees working in different organizations in Türkiye (N = 245). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that quantitative job insecurity climate was associated with higher levels of loyalty and neglect, while qualitative job insecurity climate was related to higher levels of exit and lower levels of loyalty. Importantly, job insecurity climate explained additional variance over individual job insecurity in exit and loyalty. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing job insecurity in a broader context regarding one’s situation and the psychological collective climate. This study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap concerning job insecurity climate, an emerging construct in the organizational behavior literature, and its incremental impact beyond individual job insecurity. The foremost implication is that organizations need to pay attention to the evolving climate perceptions about the future of jobs in the work environment, because such perceptions are related to critical employee behaviors.
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| 4970. |
- Yüce-Selvi, Ümran, et al.
(författare)
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Individual Job Insecurity and Job Insecurity Climate : Construct Validation in a Turkish Context
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Job insecurity (JI), “the overall concern about the continued existence of the job in the future” is a worry and stress source for many employees. This concern may be related to the continued existence of the job itself (i.e., quantitative JI) or valued job features (i.e., qualitative JI). Both dimensions reflect a subjective perception involving a threat of loss in the future. A large number of studies have provided evidence for the detrimental effects of JI (in both forms) on various outcomes. Traditionally, JI has been defined as an individual phenomenon; however recent research indicates that it can also be shared and represent climate level perceptions. The limited number of studies having examined JI climate show that also “the shared concern about the continued existence of the job in an organization” may have negative outcomes. However, how JI climate is measured matters. While some previous studies have measured JI climate by aggregating individuals’ ratings of their individual JI to unit levels, there is also a recently developed measure to assess individuals’ ratings of JI climate at their workplace.The present study aims to investigate the measurement properties and construct validity of individual JI and JI climate, both with quantitative and qualitative dimensions, in a Turkish sample. The sample was composed of 245 employees (51% women, Mage = 34, age range: 19-59). Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the proposed four-factor model (individual JI and JI climate, both with quantitative and qualitative dimensions) provided a good fit to data and outperformed rivalling models. In general, the Cronbach's alpha reliability estimates were above .70 (the exception being individual quantitative job insecurity, α=0.64). Comparisons of associations between the four JI dimensions and demographic variables provided some evidence for the discriminant validity of the proposed four-factor representation of individual JI and JI climate.
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