| 61. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Urban space for children on the move
- 2020
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In: Transport and Children’s Wellbeing. - 9780128146958 - 9780128146941 ; , s. 217-235
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Urban landscapes, structures and design features are associated with travel mode choice and have implications for sustainable living environments. The particular role of the built environment for children’s independent active mobility has received increasing attention in research and practice. However, the complexity of the transactions between person and environment needs to be understood with special focus on children’s use and experiences of the outdoor spaces in a neighborhood. This chapter discusses children’s independent active mobility as an ongoing transaction with the surrounding environment, continuously shifting between transport and play. The chapter synthesizes research on children’s outdoor play and active travel from the fields of environmental psychology, urban planning and landscape architecture. Four theoretical concepts compatible with a comprehensive understanding of children’s mobility in urban open spaces are presented: place attachment, affordances, wayfinding and prospect-refuge. The concepts are elaborated from a child perspective to highlight dimensions in the planning, design and management of outdoor spaces that can support children’s independent active mobility.
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| 62. |
- Jensen, Mikael, 1969
(author)
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Kommunikation i klassrummet
- 2022
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Book (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Kommunikation är centralt i nästan alla mänskliga aktiviteter. I klassrummen är kommunikation en nödvändighet för att skapa ett positivt fysiskt och socialt klimat som grund för samspel och lärande. Det är dock möjligt att kommunicera på många olika sätt och forskningen, framför allt den internationella, kan nu visa vilka sätt att kommunicera som ger bäst resultat. Trots att kommunikation är så centralt i undervisning har ytterst få böcker på svenska tagit ett helhetsgrepp om detta intressanta och viktiga ämne. Boken behandlar bl.a.: • kommunikationsmönster i klassrummet • känslors betydelse för kommunikation och lärande • gruppkommunikation och lärande • multimodal kommunikation i klassrummet • hur frågor används på ett optimalt sätt • hur tydlighet och visualisering fungerar som hjälpmedel. Boken vänder sig till blivande och verksamma lärare inom grund- och gymnasieskolan samt andra yrkesgrupper med intresse för kommunikation och lärande inom utbildning.
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| 63. |
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| 64. |
- Rylander, Pär, 1973, et al.
(author)
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The specificity versus generality of ball-handling skills – Empirical evidence for a general ball-handling ability
- 2019
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In: Human Movement Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7646 .- 0167-9457. ; 66, s. 477-486
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate if ball-handling skills are specific and uncorrelated (i.e., motor specificity), or if they share an underlying ball-handling ability (i.e., motor generality). To empirically investigate this question, we had a sample of 201 adolescents perform 12 novel ball-handling tasks. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we showed that a model based on the assumptions of the generality perspective was superior to a model based on assumptions of specificity. The general ball-handling factor did significantly influence the performance on all 12 tasks, with factor loadings ranging between 0.39 and 0.79. The results and it's practical implications are discussed in relation to development of sport specific skills.
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| 65. |
- Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
-
Sensory Stimulation and Oxytocin : Their Roles in Social Interaction and Health Promotion
- 2022
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this call was to collect papers describing how oxytocin may be released by different kinds of sensory stimulation to induce wellbeing and restorative processes and to inhibit pain, stress and inflammation. A large number of interesting articles of very high quality were received and 19 papers were accepted for publication. All the included articles have contributed to expand the knowledge about oxytocin in a very substantial way both regarding its effect spectrum and regarding its association with sensory, somatosensory stimulation, in particular. In fact, the obtained data contribute to prove the hypothesis that the oxytocinergic system is a widespread integrative system, which is linked to social interaction, wellbeing, reduction of stress and pain as well as to reproductive, growth promoting and restorative effects. The activity of this archaic oxytocin system is under control of hormones and sensory nerves, which convey information regarding the state of the internal and the external environment. The oxytocin linked effects may be induced in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective. All of the articles which were accepted and included in this issue, in their own unique way, contribute to describe oxytocin beyond its classical role in birth and milk ejection in accordance with the concept described above. We describe and discuss the data after having categorized the results presented in the articles according to certain subjects.
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| 66. |
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| 67. |
- Roczniewska, Marta, et al.
(author)
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Simple roads to failure, complex paths to success : an evaluation of conditions explaining perceived fit of an organizational occupational health intervention
- 2023
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In: Applied Psychology. - 0269-994X .- 1464-0597.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Organizational occupational health interventions (OOHIs) that are perceived by employees as relevant for their workplace are more likely to be implemented successfully, yet little is known about the conditions that produce such perceptions. This study identifies the conditions that create a perception among employees that an intervention fits their organization as well as the conditions that result in low levels of perceived fit. We used two-wave data from 40 Danish preschools that underwent a quasi-experimental OOHI. Perceived fit was assessed through employee ratings at follow-up, while survey responses from implementation team members at five time points were used to assess four context and 14 process factors. The results of a coincidence analysis showed that high levels of perceived fit were achieved through two paths. Each path consisted of a lack of co-occurring changes together with either very high levels of managerial support (path_1) or a combination of implementation team role clarity, staff involvement, and team learning (path_2). In contrast, low levels of perceived fit were brought about by single factors: limited leader support, low degree of role clarity, or concurrent organizational changes. The findings reveal the complexity involved in implementing OOHIs and offer insights into reasons they may fail.
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| 68. |
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| 69. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(author)
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Actor-Observer differences in realism in confidence and frequency judgments
- 2004
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In: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 117:3, s. 251-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Taking a social psychological approach to metacognitive judgments, this study analyzed the difference in realism (validity) in confidence and frequency judgments (i.e., estimates of overall accuracy) between one’s own and another person’s answers to general knowledge questions. Experiment 1 showed that when judging their own answers, compared with another’s answers, the participants exhibited higher overconfidence, better ability to discriminate correct from incorrect answers, lower accuracy, and lower confidence. However, the overconfidence effect could be attributable to the lowest level of confidence. Furthermore, when heeding additional information about another’s answers the participants showed higher confidence and better discrimination ability. The overconfidence effect of Experiment 1 was not found in Experiment 2. However, the results of Experiment 2 were consistent with Experiment 1 in terms of discrimination ability, confidence, and accuracy. Finally, in both experiments the participants gave lower frequency judgments of their own overall accuracy compared with their frequency judgments of another person’s overall accuracy.
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| 70. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, et al.
(author)
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Increased realism in eyewitness confidence judgments : The effect of dyadic collaboration
- 2003
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In: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 17:5, s. 545-561
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated to what extent, and under what circumstances, pair collaboration influences the realism in eyewitness confidence in event memory. The participants first saw a short film clip and then confidence rated their answers to questions on its content. A condition (the Individual–Pair condition) where individual effort preceded pair collaboration showed better calibration compared with a condition (the Simple Pair condition) where no individual effort took place. Furthermore, within the Individual–Pair condition, better calibration, and lower overconfidence, were found in the pair phase compared with the individual phase. The eyewitnesses in the Individual–Pair condition made more realistic judgements of the total number of questions answered correctly. In a control experiment no effect on realism in confidence was found when individuals performed the same task twice. The improved realism in the Individual–Pair condition may partly be explained in terms of the increased accuracy and lowered confidence found for such items where the pair members’ had given different answers in the individual phase, and by a risky shift effect for such items where they had given the same answer.
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