| 10401. |
- Musterd, Sako, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood Effects on Social Mobility
- 2019
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Ingår i: Handbook of Urban Geography. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781785364594 - 9781785364600 ; , s. 281-296
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10402. |
- Mususa, Patience, et al.
(författare)
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Making mining localities : Trajectories and stories of mining and mobility in Zambia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Mining, Mobility, and Social Change in the Global South. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781032321790 - 9781032321820 - 9781003313236 ; , s. 101-122
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of Zambia’s copper mines since the 1930s has spurred extensive regional migration and mobility. This chapter investigates the complex relationship between mining and mobility in Zambia, by focusing on the case studies of Luanshya, Mufulira, and Kalumbila. It brings together survey results, life histories, and the rich scholarship on regional mining localities. By doing so, the chapter demonstrates that mobility has been informed by multiple factors, including socio-economic conditions in rural localities; opportunities in agricultural production, forestry, and trade in mining areas; as well as the connections created through social ties and networks. Underlining the need to understand mining-induced mobility beyond frameworks of push-and-pull migration, the chapter highlights the multiple linkages that mining hubs forge and maintain with their expansive hinterlands. Through a focus on both older and more recently established mining localities, the chapter advances a new understanding of the patterns of mobility through which Zambian mining localities are made.
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| 10403. |
- Muyambano, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of land titling and registration on tenure security and agricultural investments : Case of Gataraga sector, Northern Rwanda
- 2018
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Ingår i: African Journal of Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences. - 2657-2664. ; 2018:3, s. 61-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rwanda has undertaken a land registration and titling program since 2008 with a registration of 10.3 million land parcels in 2013. The aim of this paper is to investigate the early effects of the program on tenure security and agricultural investments since few studies have been carried out in this research area. The study was undertaken in Musanze district in Northern Rwanda, with specific focus on Gataraga sector and it draws on a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods. The findings indicate that the program led to reduced land conflicts and improved tenure security. Further, it had resulted in increasing collateral value of land; however mortgaging land to access loans seemed to depend on various factors including demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households. Land rental was the most common form of land market and the relatively well-off farmers seemed to gain most from the program than the poorest farmers.
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| 10404. |
- Muyombano, Emmanuel, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Land use consolidation in Rwanda: the experiences of small-scale farmers in Musanze District
- 2015
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Ingår i: Agricultural Research for Development Conference, September 23-24, 2015, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The post-genocide Rwandan government has stated ambitious development goals in its Vision 2020. Agricultural development is central, as some 80% of the population depend on agricultural livelihoods. However, Rwandan agriculture has long been characterized by high population pressure, land fragmentation and low productivity, leading to over-cultivation, soil degradation and erosion. Rwandan strategies for economic development and poverty reduction envision a social transformation of the society, requiring a shift from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture. A main component in this transformation is land use consolidation, the joint cultivation of large areas, which is expected to deliver economies of scale and increased productivity of high-potential food crops. The program includes provisioning of improved seeds of selected crops, subsidized fertilizers and extension services. Serious critique of the program has been raised, such as authoritarian implementation, negative effects on food security from mono-cropping few selected crops, and increased rural socio-economic differentiation. The aim of this presentation is to discuss the effects of the agricultural policy of land use consolidation at community level, based on fieldwork in Musanze district. This presentation draws from 22 collective and 45 individual interviews with smallholder farmers (women and men) and local key informants in five sectors with varying agri-ecological conditions.
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| 10405. |
- Muyombano, Emmanuel, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Land use consolidation in Rwanda: The experiences of small-scale farmers in Musanze District, Northern Province
- 2020
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Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377. ; 2020:99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modernization and intensification of agricultural production in Africa has long been a policy goal, for increased productivity and food security. In 2008, the Rwandan government implemented various land and agricultural reforms to transform Rwandan agriculture from subsistence farming to market-oriented production. Central to this agricultural transformation was the Crop Intensification Programme, intended to increase the agricultural productivity of high-potential food crops and encourage land use consolidation, i.e., the joint cultivation of large areas, which was expected to deliver important economies of scale. This programme has been criticized, for example, for authoritarian implementation, negative effects on food security from sole-cropping a few selected crops, and increasing rural socioeconomic differentiation. This paper analyses the effects of the land use consolidation programme at the household level, as experienced by small-scale farmers in Musanze District in the Northern Province of Rwanda. The paper draws on 45 individual and 22 collective qualitative semi-structured interviews with small-scale farmers and local key informants in five sectors, conducted in 2013 and 2014. The findings show that there is satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and resistance to the programme, especially regarding the selected crops to be cultivated. The programme, including supporting mechanisms, seems to work well for the relatively better-off farmers, who have bigger and scattered land areas, whereas it does not work well for poor farmers with very small plots, which is common in rural Rwanda.
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| 10406. |
- Muyombano, Emmanuel, 1970
(författare)
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The effects of the land tenure reform programme on tenure security and agricultural development in Rwanda: the case of Musanze district, Northern Province
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This PhD thesis is a compilation thesis comprising a research frame of seven chapters, and four related papers. The overall aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of the land tenure reform programme on the livelihoods of small-scale farmers, focusing on two of the main components, the land registration and titling programme (LRT) and the land use consolidation (LUC) programme. In order to achieve this aim, four research questions were formulated, the first two focusing on how the LRT programme affected the land tenure security of small-scale farmers, and how the LRT impacted small-scale farmers in terms of using their land titles as collateral for credits for agricultural investments. The third research question is related to the experiences of small-scale farmers of the LUC programme, while the fourth research question deals with the expected effects of the implemented reform programmes on tenure security, agricultural development and increased food security in the studied communities have been achieved. The study is based on field work conducted in Musanze district in Northern Rwanda between 2011 and 2014. It is mainly based on qualitative research methods, supplemented by some quantitative techniques. The field work was carried out in five sectors, and a total of 60 individual farmers, 32 key informants, and representatives of Savings and Credit Cooperative (SACCO), farmer cooperatives, and women’s associations were interviewed. In addition, 53 farming and 19 forest plots were mapped and measured with GPS equipment. The findings indicate that the LRT programme has resulted in the reduction of land conflicts based on demarcation of boundaries after the completion of the LRT programme in 2013. However, according to the post-2016 literature, land conflicts persist due to subdivisions of family land between siblings, still registered in a single land title certificate. Findings also show that the LRT resulted in land rental market rather than in a land market of selling/buying. However, informal land transactions have been noticed after 2016. Regarding the LUC programme, findings indicate that the programme has resulted in increased agricultural productivity due to the use of improved seeds and chemical fertilizers. However, there is also dissatisfaction among some small-scale farmers about the Government policy linked to the introduction of sole cropping of selected crops, which has affected both food security and income earnings of poor small-scale farmers negatively. The LUC programme has on the other hand benefitted the relatively better-off farmers, farmers with bigger and scattered land areas, who often are organized in farmer associations or cooperatives, and thereby have better access to credits that are used for renting more land in order to produce more. These farmers are much better positioned to tap into the growing market chains, compared to poor farmers with limited land, and low or limited access to credit.
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| 10407. |
- Myhre, Sonja Lynn, et al.
(författare)
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Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean : A Scoping Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Public Health Reviews. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 0301-0422 .- 2107-6952. ; 44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This scoping review investigates the status of research focusing on the nexu of community action, climate change, and health and wellbeing in anglophone Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS).Methods: This review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley framework and utilized the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched Medline/OVID, PsychInfo, VHL, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Scopus to capture interdisciplinary studies published from 1946 to 2021.Results: The search yielded 3,828 records of which fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis assessed study aim, geographic focus, community stakeholders, community action, climate perspective, health impact, as well as dimensions including resources/assets, education/information, organization and governance, innovation and flexibility, and efficacy and agency. Nearly all studies were case studies using mixed method approaches involving qualitative and quantitative data. Community groups organized around focal areas related to fishing, farming, food security, conservation, and the environment.Conclusion: Despite the bearing these areas have on public health, few studies explicitly examine direct links between health and climate change. Research dedicated to the nexus of community action, climate change, and health in the anglophone Caribbean warrants further study.
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| 10408. |
- Myrdal, Janken, 1949-
(författare)
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Det svenska jordbrukets historia : processen bakom det första standardverket om jordbrukets historia på 50 år
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kulturmiljövård. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 1100-4800. ; :2, s. 14-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fembandsverket om det svenska jordbrukets historia måste förstås i ett större historiografiskt sammanhang. Därför skall jag inleda med att skissera hur och varför agrarhistorien har stärkt sin ställning under de senaste årtiondena i Sverige och internationellt. Därefter tar jag upp hur arbetet växte fram mellan 1990 och idag. Det enskilda agerandet har ett intresse - men detta agerande sker inom de ramar som den generella utvecklingen dragit upp. Det är också alltid fler som deltar i skapandet av ett skeende än vad som framgår ur den enskildes minnesreflektioner, vilketjag hoppas att läsaren tar hänsyn till vid läsningen av nedanstående.
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| 10409. |
- Myrdal, Janken
(författare)
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Empire: the comparative study of imperialism
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ecology and power: struggles over land and material resources in the past, present, and future. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9780415601467 - 9780203122815 ; , s. 37-51
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10410. |
- Myrdal-Runebjer, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Röjningsröseområden i Fryksdalen ' datering och resursutnyttjande : En arkeologisk och kulturgeografisk studie - Rapport över 1997 års kartering och arkeologiska undersökning av röjningsröseområde RAÄ 35:1 i Östra Ingersby, Sunne socken
- 1998
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En arkeologisk och kulturgeografisk studie Rapport över 1997 års kartering och arkeologiska undersökning av röjningsröseområde RAÄ 35:1 i Östra Ingersby, Sunne socken.Röjningsröseområde Raä 35:1 i Östra Ingersby i Sunne socken (Värmlands län) är knappt 1 ha stort. Området registrerades under fornminnesinventeringen 1993. Inom området ligger en ensamliggande stensättning (Raä 35:2). Röjningsröseområden har undersökts i Småland och Västergötland och där givit dateringar från Bronsålder till Medeltid. Endast en (ännu opublicerad) undersökning är tidigare genomförd av ett värmländskt röjningsröseområde. Inom ramen för projektet Röjningsröseområden i Fryksdalen: datering och resursutnyttjande (Högskolan i Karlstad och Göteborgs universitet) genomfördes en pilotundersökning av Raä 35 under augusti till oktober 1997. Kunskap om odlingsformer bidrar till förståelsen av bosättningshistoria och vardagsliv över tid.Under karteringsarbetet dokumenterades 35 röjningsrösen, 9 åkerhak och 8 terrasskanter. Det finns inga tecken i det historiska kartmaterialet (1645, 1785, 1809-1812, 1883-1895) som tyder på att området odlats under historisk tid. Röjningsrösenas och de stenröjda ytornas placering i förhållande till graven talar för att de är i bruk under en period då graven fortfarande respekteras: ingen bortodling av graven har skett, inga röjningsrösen ligger i direkt anslutning till den och ingen röjningssten är synlig på graven. En 14-C datering av material under ett röse visar att stenen inte lades upp före tidsintervallet 729-977 e. Kr (Yngre Järnålder).I en terrasskant påträffades igenfyllda gropar vilka förmodas ha hört samman med aktiviteter på en boplats. 14-C analys av material under det röse som ligger i och nedanför terrasskanten gav dateringen 1266-977 f Kr. (Bronsålder). Framtida dateringar av kol från gropfyllningarna får utvisa om det daterade materialet tidsmässigt hör samman med den förmodade boplatsen. De boplatsanknutna lämningarna under terrasskanten och stensättningen, vilken kan antagas vara äldre än Yngre Järnålder, talar för att området använts också före denna period.I den nordvästra delen av området, på gränsen till modern- och 1800-tals åker, är en större sammanhängande yta stenröjd och röjningsstenen ligger samlad i stentippar av mer modern karaktär. De flacka handplockade rösena inom Raä 35 är med all sannolikhet rester av ett ursprungligen större område med röjningsrösen.Bilaga:Undersökning av polleninnehållet i två jordprover från Östra Ingersby, Sunne Värmland av Sten Ekman
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